Status and challenges of soil h lth t i Af i health management in Africa
Launch of Global Soil Partnership in Eastern and Southern Africa Jacaranda Hotel, Nairobi25-27 March 2013
Agricultural productivity and poverty
5 420
East AsiaSub-Saharan Africareduction
5
6
49
20
47
29
18
3
4
Yield (t/ha)
53 51
7834
0
1
21 5 9 3 7 1 5 9 3 7 1 5
Y
1981 2005 1981
17
2005
196
196
1969
197
1977
198
198
1989
199
1997
200
200
Eastern Africa Southern Africa
Western Africa Eastern Asia
On average 43 million tons of food costing about $7 5 billion is imported annually to
Total no of people (m) <$1.25/day
212 388 1071
316
>$2.5/day $1.25-$2.5/day<$1.25/day
On average 43 million tons of food costing about $7.5 billion is imported annually to feed the hungry in Sub-Saharan Africa
Source: World Bank “PovCalNet” database, 2009
Annual Nutrient DepletionAnnual Nutrient Depletion
Unhealthy soilsUntamed water
Climate Change is affecting African AgriculturePredicted Change in Distribution of Agro‐ecological Zones with (CCC Scenario), 2003 – 2100e
OBSERVED CCC 2100
Desert
High elevation dry savannahHigh elevation humid forestHigh elevation moist savannah
Lowland dry savannah
Legend
Lowland dry savannahLowland humid forestLowland moist savannahLowland semi-arid
Lowland sub-humid
Mid-elevation dry savannah
Source: “How Will Climate Change Shift Agro-Ecological Zones and Impact African Agriculture?” , P.Kurukulasuriya & R. Mendelsohn
Mid-elevation humid forests
Mid-elevation moist savannah
Mid-elevation sub-humid
Relative cost of food aidRelative cost of food aid
• To increase farmers access to seeds fertilizers for them to produce an extra ton of maize ($135)
• To buy a ton of maize locally and distribute it ($320)
• To buy, ship and distribute a ton of US maize in Africa
($ )
Source: Sanchez, P. 2009: A smarter way to combat hunger. Nature, 458, 12.
($812)
, ,
A h t f tili tFertilizer use
Sub-Saharan Africa 8
Average per hectare fertilizer use rates as kilograms of nutrients (NPK) by fertilizer markets in 2008/09
Sub Saharan Africa
Africa
Eurasia
South Africa
Central America
21
47
47
25
Developing Markets Developed Markets
Transitional Markets World
Central America
Oceania
West Asia
North America
47
75
49
89
North Africa
Latin America
World
South America
94
100
117
107
Central Europe
South Asia
Western Europe
Asia
130
182
134
117
Asia
East Asia 255
Source: IFDC; derived from FAO data
As AGRA's largest program, the Soil Health Program (SHP) plays an integrative role in promoting soil health
and farmer productivity
AGRA, founded in 2006 in partnership between the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and The Rockefeller Foundation, is focused on catalyzing an African green revolution by promoting rapid and sustainable agricultural development among Africa's smallholder farmers.
AGRA’s organization‐wide goals for 2020 are:
– Reduce food insecurity by 50% in at least 20 countries1
– Double the incomes of 20 million smallholder families
– Put at least 15 countries on track for attaining and sustaining an African Green Revolution
2
3
AGRA’s Soil Health Program, was set up in early 2008 and became operational in 2009, with the following primary goals:
– Efficient and economically sustainable supply of fertilizer to farmers in Africa
– Uptake of appropriate ISFM technology packages by smallholder farmers
– Create an enabling environment upon which other organizations can build and
1
2
3 g p gengage
3
AGRA programsAGRA programs
13 countries and counting 13 countries and counting …
South Sudan
New countries –LiberiaSierra LeoneSouth Sudan
Some early Some early successes successes
Micro-dose technology has great i l
gy gpotential
‘Coke Cap’Microdosing
Yields of staple crops more than doubled
• Targets to increase cereal yields from 1 ton/ha to 3 tons/hay
Target has been achieved
• Targets to increase area under • Targets to increase area under ISFM tech by 2 million ha, of which 1.2 million ha (60%) should be under cereal crops.
Achievement: 0.5 million ha under ISFM tech with cereal area being 340 000 cereal area being 340,000 ha and legumes area 160,000 ha
Effect of fertilizer use on maize grain yield across different countries
Yields of legumes increasing with ISFM interventions
2.5
1.5
2
(t h
a-1
)
P+innoculation
•50-100% increase0.5
1
Yie
ld P+innoculation
With P
Without P
50 100% increase
•170,000 ha under
0Kenya Ghana Rwanda Uganda Zambia Tanzania
Country
legumes (22% of target)Country
Effect of phosphorus and rhizobium inoculum application
on soybean yield
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