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Status and issues in Potato Production
STATUS
Current ScenarioIndia is producing 41.3 m tons (2011-12)
from 1.9 m ha at an average productivity of 22.1 t/ha.
2.8 m tons (7.5%) of the produce is processed.
2.96 m tons (8.5%) of the produce is used as seed.
0.1 m tons are exported
Post harvest losses are nearly 16% of the total produce.
Varietal development – Developed 49 high yielding varieties for all regions and seasons.
Establishment of Indigenous seed production system – Seed production shifted from the hills to the northern plains to cater to the large demand of seed.
Growth in cold stores capacity – Helped in storing and maintaining the supply chain in off season across the country.
Major factors that contributed to the growth of potato in India
9
30
10
Early (70-80 days)
Medium (90-100 days)
Late (100-110
days)
3
7
14
3
3
3
4
3
1
2
Northern hills
Northern plains
Plateau
Darjeeling hills
Southern hills
6
Varietal development
Processing-6Heat Tolerance-1
- Seed Treatment-Presprouting -Early planting-Mechanization for faster cultural operations-Control of aphid vectors and diseases through regular sprays - Rouging- Haulms cutting before the aphid count reached critical levels.
Agro-techniques of seed plot technique
Indigenous Seed production
system
Growth in cold stores capacity
Growth of cold stores enabled reaping the benefits of higher yield due to seed plot technique
Future Targets
Potato production estimates for the next 40 years
Particulars
Area (Mha)
Production
(Mt)
Productivity (t/ha)
2010 1.82 35.21 19.35
2025 2.02 56.15 27.71
2050 3.62 124.88 34.51
ISSUES
Wide gap in attainable and actual yields - how to bridge it?
Area expansion – Tropicalization ?.
Low availability of quality seed.
High Post harvest losses.
Increased diseases and Pests pressure.
Climate change – how to manage?
Large areas in the Indo Gangetic plains and the neighbouring states have similar and high yield potential
Developed a simulation model which would enable estimation of climatic potential for yield, for estimation of yield gaps and climate change studies.
Potential Yield (t/ha)
Yield gaps between attainable yields and actual yields - how bridge it?
Yield Gap Analysis Results (t/ha)
Over All UP Bihar Punjab &
Haryana
WB Gujarat
Average_Pot_Yield 58.65 57.6 47.41 58.15 51.73
Actual_Yield 22.47 18.11 21.63 21.03 25.24Yield_gap_attainable (%)
52.11 60.7 42.97 54.79 39.0
The yield gap is around 50%. Through better irrigation systems and nutrient delivery systems this gap could be bridged e.g. Gujarat
States with high yield and reasonable yield gap
Over AllOdish
aMP
Rajastha
n
Chattisgar
h
Jharkhan
d
Average_Pot_Yield 57.16 59.0 56.7 59.25 62.18
Actual_Yield 13.05 12.9 10.58 12.06 11.26
Yield_gap attainable
(%)71.4 72.6 76.6 74.5 77.3
States with high yield potential but high yield gap
The yield gap is wider (around 70%)
Here the stresses are due to
Seed quality Pests and diseases (BW,
Whiteflies, Thrips, mites, PTM)
Water Nutrients
Impact of climate change on potato production has been assessed – Under no adaptation
Yield decline in India will be 2.6% by 2020 and 15.3% by 2050
Impact of climate change will be positive in NW plains, slightly negative in NE plains and severely negative in plateau regions.
Change in date of planting is the best adaptation strategy and in Punjab and Western UP it is likely to increase or sustain the tuber yield in 2020 and 2050
In Eastern UP and Bihar the delayed DOP might sustain the potato production with only minor losses (0-10%)
How can the production targets be realised in the context of impending climate change?
Future Varietal Requirements
Short duration varieties which can fit in cereal based cropping system
Heat tolerant varieties to enable spatial diversification of potato to non traditional areas and to minimize the impact of climate change
Varieties with multiple disease resistance (WB, LB, Viruses)
Processing varieties to meet the growing demand of the consumers
- Short duration- High resistant starch content - Cold induced sweetening resistant- Specialty potatoes
Transgenic approach for managing late blight
K. Pukhraj SI2AS1 2155 & K. Pukhraj control
Relative Expression of Avr3a gene in transgenic
K. Pukhraj SI2AS1 2155
Using RNAi technology developed potato lines having high degree of resistance to late blight
Silencing of Avr3a effector gene of P. infestans using RNAi approach
Use of Cis-genic approach for managing late blight Rb – gene was used for developing LB resistant hybrids
Out of 120 hybrids, 5 have been selected
Evaluated hybrids in screening chamber and containment
LB severity varies from 5-22% as against of ≥80% in control
Higher yielder (33-133%)
Late blight, viruses and Potato Cyst Nematode (PCN) resistant lines identified using molecular markers.
Combining above three resistances through conventional breeding.
Results: i. Few segregating lines with combined resistances
identified.
ii. Development of advanced hybrids (LBY-15 & LBY-17) having combined resistance to late blight and Potato Virus Y.
iii. Identified 14 elite parental potato lines possessing multiple disease resistance genes.
iv. A parental line having PVY extreme resistance gene (Ryadg) in triplex state developed through molecular markers.
Development of varieties with multiple disease resistance
Combined resistance to Late blight, viruses and Potato Cyst Nematode (PCN) is under way:
Triplex clone (YY 6/3 C-11)
Advanced potato hybrids
Phenotyping of K.Surya K.Chandramukhi at 240 C night temperature with respect to tuberization
Real time PCR analysis of KS and KCM revealed the 30 fold Higher expression of 17.6 Kda HSP gene (out of 8 potato HSP gene) over KCM.
17.6Kda HSP gene Map
Development of heat tolerant potato cultivar
Reduction of cold induced sweetening in processing cultivar using RNAi approach
Control
Fresh harvest
2214 2013 2311 2123 2262
5.0 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 2.0
7.5 2.5 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.0Cold stored for 90 days
Genotype % reduction in invertase activity
K. Chipsona-1 control 0.0
KChipInvRNAi-2214 89.82 ± 5.66
KChipInvRNAi-2013 83.43 ± 8.24
KChipInvRNAi-2311 81.58 ± 7.81
KChipInvRNAi-2123 67.46 ± 4.34
KChipInvRNAi-2262 77.26 ± 6.52
Silencing of invertase gene in K.Chipsona 1 by using RNAi technology
How to meet the seed requirement to realise the genetic potential?
Multiplication in Foundation and certified seed production stages not as per desired rate
Solution - Public – Private Partnership Identify suitable sites in non traditional areas for seed
production Development and exploitation of new technologies
Microtubers: 50-60% survival
Field multiplication-1 Field multiplication-2 Basic or Breeder Seed
Microplants
Microtubers Minitubers
Culturing in liquid media Microtuber in vitro
New Seed Production Technologies (Micro Propagation)
Aeroponic based seed production system
Adopt ecological niche modelling techniques to identify sites suitable for seed production in non traditional areas
Sites suitable for seed production through seed plot technique (similar to the Indo Gangetic plains) exists in the North eastern states and can greatly alleviate seed deficiency of the area
How to minimise the post harvest losses? Post harvest losses are to the tune of 16% of the total
production.
Varieties with improved keeping quality.
Storage loses: Pre and post cold store losses by elevate
temperature technology
Transportation losses: use of refer varieties.
Packaging?
On site storage?
Uniform distribution of cold stores
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