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Status of CO2 cooling

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Status of CO2 cooling. CMS Upgrade Workshop FNAL. Participating places (1). RWTH Aachen – Lutz Feld, Michael Wlochal, Jennifer Merz IPN Lyon – Nick Lumb, Didier Contardo University Karlsruhe – Wim de Boer et al. Fermilab – Simon Kwan, Richard Schmitt, Terry Tope, Kirk Arndt. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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30 October 2009 Hans Postema - CERN Status of CO2 cooling CMS Upgrade Workshop FNAL 1
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Page 1: Status of CO2 cooling

30 October 2009 Hans Postema - CERN

Status of CO2 cooling

CMS Upgrade Workshop

FNAL

1

Page 2: Status of CO2 cooling

Participating places (1)

Hans Postema - CERN30 October 2009 2

• RWTH Aachen – Lutz Feld, Michael Wlochal, Jennifer Merz

• IPN Lyon – Nick Lumb, Didier Contardo

• University Karlsruhe – Wim de Boer et al.

• Fermilab – Simon Kwan, Richard Schmitt, Terry Tope, Kirk Arndt

Page 3: Status of CO2 cooling

Participating places (2)

• PSI – Roland Horisberger

• CERN Cryolab – Friedrich Haug, Jihao Wu, Torsten Koettig, Christopher Franke

• University Esslingen – Walter Czarnetzki, Stefan Roesler

• CERN DT group – Joao Noite, Antti Onnela, Paolo Petagna, Paola Tropea,

30 October 2009 3Hans Postema - CERN

Page 4: Status of CO2 cooling

Participating places (3)

• NIKHEF Atlas – Bart Verlaat, Auke-Pieter Colijn

• SLAC Atlas – Marco Oriunno

• CERN Atlas – Danilo Giugni, Jan Godlewski, Jose Direita

• EPFL Lausanne – John Thome et al.

• CERN CMS – Duccio Abbaneo, Hans Postema

30 October 2009 4Hans Postema - CERN

Page 5: Status of CO2 cooling

CO2 Full scale setup

• Following the example of the LHCb cooling plant, we will build a full scale setup for testing purposes

• Setup based upon CMS-TEC cooling plant provided by Karlsruhe

• R404 chiller has cooling power of 4 kW at

-35 C• System uses Lewa pump and SWEP heat

exchanger also provided by Karlsruhe

Hans Postema - CERN30 October 2009 5

Page 6: Status of CO2 cooling

LHCb schematic

Hans Postema - CERN30 October 2009 6

Page 7: Status of CO2 cooling

Engineering

• Collaboration, involving people from NIKHEF, CERN-Atlas, CERN-DT, CERN-Cryolab, CERN-CMS

• Schematic created in August, finalized and approved in September.

• Parts list created in August, approved, except for a few components.

• Budgets identified, ordering has started.

Hans Postema - CERN30 October 2009 7

Page 8: Status of CO2 cooling

Schematic

Hans Postema - CERN30 October 2009 8

Page 9: Status of CO2 cooling

CMS-TEC cooling plant

Hans Postema - CERN30 October 2009 9

Page 10: Status of CO2 cooling

LEWA pump

Hans Postema - CERN30 October 2009 10

Page 11: Status of CO2 cooling

SWEP heat exchanger

Hans Postema - CERN30 October 2009 11

Page 12: Status of CO2 cooling

Conclusions

• Full agreement on schematic (P&I)

• Detail design is advancing

• Budgets agreed and available

• Ordering has started

• Contact with CERN safety established– In principle no serious obstacles– Will work together to obtain certification

• Project is advancing at full speed

Hans Postema - CERN30 October 2009 12

Page 13: Status of CO2 cooling

CERN CryolabCERN CryolabCOCO22 cooling for pixel detectors cooling for pixel detectors

Investigation of heat transferInvestigation of heat transfer

Christopher Franke, Torsten Köttig, Jihao Wu, Friedrich HaugChristopher Franke, Torsten Köttig, Jihao Wu, Friedrich Haug

TE-CRG-CITE-CRG-CI

Page 14: Status of CO2 cooling

14

Content:Content:• Objectives of the studyObjectives of the study

• Test setupTest setup

• Measurement conditionsMeasurement conditions

• Investigation tube diameter Investigation tube diameter

• SummarySummary

Page 15: Status of CO2 cooling

Objectives of the studyObjectives of the study

Experimental verification of 2-phase COExperimental verification of 2-phase CO22 flow regimes and stability flow regimes and stability criteria of COcriteria of CO22 flow in minichannels suitable for cooling of the upgraded flow in minichannels suitable for cooling of the upgraded pixel detector of CMS.pixel detector of CMS.

Establish a rather comprehensive experimental database in the range of Establish a rather comprehensive experimental database in the range of relevant mass flux and heat flux α = f(x,q,G,Trelevant mass flux and heat flux α = f(x,q,G,Tsatsat).).

Validation of existing correlations for heat transfer coefficient and Validation of existing correlations for heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop.pressure drop.

If necessary, adapt existing correlations to the database at the range of If necessary, adapt existing correlations to the database at the range of interest. interest.

Page 16: Status of CO2 cooling

16

Test setupTest setup

88

Cooling cycle schematic and log(p)-h diagramCooling cycle schematic and log(p)-h diagram

Page 17: Status of CO2 cooling

17

Test setup Test setup Piping and Instrumentation DiagramPiping and Instrumentation Diagram

Page 18: Status of CO2 cooling

Operating temperatures -40°C to -5°COperating temperatures -40°C to -5°C

Mass flow up to 1.5 g/sMass flow up to 1.5 g/s

Heat flux at test section up to 30 kW/m²Heat flux at test section up to 30 kW/m²

Tube diameter (test section) up to 2.0 mmTube diameter (test section) up to 2.0 mm

Design pressure of the setup 100 barDesign pressure of the setup 100 bar

Cooling power Pulse Tube Cryocooler 150W@225K Cooling power Pulse Tube Cryocooler 150W@225K

Insulation vacuum 5⋅10Insulation vacuum 5⋅10-5 -5 mbarmbar

Test setupTest setup

Page 19: Status of CO2 cooling

19

Test setupTest setup

flow directionflow direction

• Stainless steel Stainless steel • Length of the actual test section (heated Length of the actual test section (heated

part) part)

l = 0.15 ml = 0.15 m• Inner diameter dInner diameter dii = 1.4 mm = 1.4 mm

• Wall thickness s = 120 μmWall thickness s = 120 μm• Max. heat flow QMax. heat flow QTSTS = 30 W = 30 W

Page 20: Status of CO2 cooling

20

Test setupTest setup

Page 21: Status of CO2 cooling

21

Test setupTest setup

Page 22: Status of CO2 cooling

22

Measurement conditionsMeasurement conditions1. Saturation Temperatures:1. Saturation Temperatures:

Change in saturation temperature causes a change of the fluid Change in saturation temperature causes a change of the fluid properties which on the other hand influence the flow pattern and properties which on the other hand influence the flow pattern and heat transfer coefficient respectively!heat transfer coefficient respectively!

Following fluid properties are used for calculation:Following fluid properties are used for calculation:• Density ρ (liquid and gas phase)Density ρ (liquid and gas phase)• Dynamic viscosity η (liquid and gas phase)Dynamic viscosity η (liquid and gas phase)• Surface tension σ (liquid phase)Surface tension σ (liquid phase)• Latent heat of vapourization hLatent heat of vapourization hLVLV

Proposed temperature levels for measurement:Proposed temperature levels for measurement:

ϑϑSat Sat

[°C][°C] -5-5 -10-10 -12-12 -15-15 -20-20 -25-25 -30-30

TTSatSat [K] [K] 268,15268,15 263,15263,15 261,1261,155

258,15258,15 253,15253,15 248,15248,15 243,15243,15

Page 23: Status of CO2 cooling

23

Measurement conditionsMeasurement conditions1. Saturation Temperature:1. Saturation Temperature:

temperature in °Ctemperature in °C

surf

ace

ten

sion

in N

/msu

rfa

ce te

nsi

on in

N/m

ΔT = 25 KΔT = 25 KΔσ = 5,4E-3 N/m Δσ = 5,4E-3 N/m

Page 24: Status of CO2 cooling

24

Measurement conditionsMeasurement conditions2. Mass flow (density):2. Mass flow (density):

Change in mass flow m and mass flow density G respectively Change in mass flow m and mass flow density G respectively influences the flow pattern which on the other hand determine the influences the flow pattern which on the other hand determine the heat transfer coefficient!heat transfer coefficient!

Proposed mass flow (density) steps for measurement:Proposed mass flow (density) steps for measurement:

G [kg/m²s]G [kg/m²s] m [mg/s]m [mg/s]

7575 132,5132,5

150150 265,1265,1

300300 530,1530,1

450450 795,2795,2

600600 1060,31060,3

750750 1325,41325,4

900900 1590,41590,4

Page 25: Status of CO2 cooling

25

Measurement conditionsMeasurement conditions2. Mass flow (density):2. Mass flow (density):

Page 26: Status of CO2 cooling

26

Measurement conditionsMeasurement conditions3. Heat flux test section:3. Heat flux test section:

Change in heat flux and influences the quality factor where dryout Change in heat flux and influences the quality factor where dryout occure.occure.

Proposed heat flux levels for measurement:Proposed heat flux levels for measurement:

QQTSTS [W] [W] qqTSTS [kW/m²] [kW/m²]

0,50,5 0,660,66

0,750,75 1,001,00

1,01,0 1,331,33

1,251,25 1,991,99

2,02,0 3,893,89

4,14,1 5,445,44

There are 2 theoretical heat flux thresholds:There are 2 theoretical heat flux thresholds:1.1. Onset of nucleate boiling qOnset of nucleate boiling qONBONB = 1 kW/m² ( = 1 kW/m² (VDI WärmeatlasVDI Wärmeatlas))2.2. Critical heat flux qCritical heat flux qcritcrit = 794 kW/m² ( = 794 kW/m² (S.S. KutateladzeS.S. Kutateladze))

QQTSTS [W] [W] qqTSTS [kW/m²] [kW/m²]

7,07,0 9,289,28

10,010,0 13,2613,26

20,020,0 26,5326,53

Page 27: Status of CO2 cooling

27

Measurement conditionsMeasurement conditions3. Heat flux test section:3. Heat flux test section:

Page 28: Status of CO2 cooling

28

Measurement conditionsMeasurement conditions

Due to CMS requirements of [email protected] ([email protected]) at -12°C, Due to CMS requirements of [email protected] ([email protected]) at -12°C, tube diameter 1.4 mm the following measuring plan is proposed.tube diameter 1.4 mm the following measuring plan is proposed.

77xx 99xx44(7)(7)

0,05 ≤ x ≤ 10,05 ≤ x ≤ 1Δx ≈ 0,025Δx ≈ 0,025

==252252

(441)(441)casescases

TTSatSat [K] [K]

268,15268,15

-263,15-263,15

261,15261,15

-258,15-258,15

253,15253,15

-248,15-248,15

243,15243,15

QQTSTS [W] [W]

0,50,5

0,750,75

1,01,0

1,251,25

22

4,14,1

7,07,0

10,010,0

20,020,0

G [kg/m²s]G [kg/m²s]

7575

150150

300300

450450

600600

750750

900900

Page 29: Status of CO2 cooling

29

Investigation tube diameterInvestigation tube diameter

Page 30: Status of CO2 cooling

30

Investigation tube diameterInvestigation tube diameter

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31

Investigation tube diameterInvestigation tube diameter

Inner diameterInner diameter(average)(average) lowlow highhigh

Sample 1Sample 1 1,4201,420 1,3971,397 1,4421,442 mmmm

Sample 2Sample 2 1,4331,433 1,4101,410 1,4551,455 mmmm

Sample 3Sample 3 1,4211,421 1,3971,397 1,4451,445 mmmm

Average (1,2 & Average (1,2 & 3)3) 1,4241,424 mmmm

Wall thicknessWall thickness(average)(average) lowlow highhigh

Sample 1Sample 1 119,9119,9 118,4118,4 121,3121,3 μmμm

Sample 2Sample 2 115,4115,4 114,3114,3 116,4116,4 μmμm

Sample 3Sample 3 117,8117,8 117,2117,2 118,4118,4 μmμm

Average (1,2 & Average (1,2 & 3)3) 117,7117,7 μmμm

Inner diameterInner diameter

Wall thicknessWall thickness

Page 32: Status of CO2 cooling

32

SummarySummary

Test session for 1.4 mm inner diameter tube in horizontal Test session for 1.4 mm inner diameter tube in horizontal

orientation (according to CMS requirements)orientation (according to CMS requirements)

This results an outcome of 252 (441) cases α = f(x) This results an outcome of 252 (441) cases α = f(x)

Good database for comparison with existing flow mapsGood database for comparison with existing flow maps

Good database for comparison with existing calculation models Good database for comparison with existing calculation models

for heat transfer coefficientfor heat transfer coefficient

Extensive commissioning and validation of the setupExtensive commissioning and validation of the setup

Page 33: Status of CO2 cooling

Pixel CO2 Cooling Test Status

April 21, 2023 33João Noite PH-DT

Detector Technology Group

Physics Department

Page 34: Status of CO2 cooling

CO2 Cooling Test Status

• 1.4mm ID, 5.5m length cooling pipe tested in different heat loads and flow conditions.

April 21, 2023 34João Noite PH-DT

• Available empirical models for two phase pressure drop prediction were used and compared with experimental data.

• Upgrades on the test setup are being made in order to improve the measurements.

• Pixel cooling pipe mockup provided by PSI will be tested during the following weeks.

Page 35: Status of CO2 cooling

CO2 Cooling Test Setup

April 21, 2023 35João Noite PH-DT

PRESSURE GAUGE

METERING VALVE

OPTIONAL CAPILLARY TUBE

DETECTOR TUBE WITH ELECTRIC HEATING

MASSFLOW METER

CO2 BOTTLE WITH PLUNGER

CONCENTRIC TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

VENT TO ATMOSPHERE

PROPORTIONAL RELIEF VALVE

WATER BATH HEATER

Page 36: Status of CO2 cooling

p-h Diagram

April 21, 2023 36João Noite PH-DT

Pres

sure

[Bar

]

Enthalpy [KJ/Kg]

HEX

Detector Water Bath HeaterHEX

Page 37: Status of CO2 cooling

Latest Results

April 21, 2023 37João Noite PH-DT

Page 38: Status of CO2 cooling

Latest Results

April 21, 2023 38João Noite PH-DT

Page 39: Status of CO2 cooling

Latest Results

April 21, 2023 39João Noite PH-DT

Page 40: Status of CO2 cooling

Test Stability

Stable Readings

Unstable Readings

April 21, 2023 40João Noite PH-DT


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