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Status of HL-LHC and
Superconducting Magnets
for future Colliders
Lucio Rossi
CERN & Univ. of Milan
High Luminosity LHC Project Leader
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai – Physics BSM Workshop – 2 July 2018
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It took 25 years to develop LHC mainly
because of Superconductivity
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 3
1998: first 15 m LHC dipole proto
at SM18 test test: family picture
Prof. Maiani
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1232 SC dipoles – 15 m – 8.33 T (Nb-Ti)
500 SC Quadrupoles – 8000 Corrector Magnets
16 SC Cavities – 40 pairs large Current Leads in HTS
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 4
2 magnets in one (twin dipoles)
1.9 K HEII cryogenics to boost field
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Superconductivity:
an enabling technology
• Superconducting LHC
• Tunnel : 27 km
• Field : 8.3 T
• Cryoplant power at the
plug: 40 MW: always on
• 70 MW for LHC.
• 150 MW for the
accelerator complex
• 180 for the whole CERN
complex
Normalconducting LHC
• Tunnel 120 km
• Field : 1.8 T
• Dissipated power at
collision: 2,200 MW
• Average power (0.4
coefficient): 900 MW
only for accelerator
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HEP Accelerators progress: SC domination
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018
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High Luminosity: a luminous future for LHC!
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 7
Half way
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HiLumi LHC: An international collaboration
Canada/Triumf
China/IHEP
Russia/BINP
US-DOE and JP-
KEK are the biggest
contributor
(after CERN and
Member States)
Special in-kind from:
ES – CIEMAT
IT – INFN
SE – Uppsala
UK – STFC & C.I. Univ.
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 8
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Then HL-LHC luminosity production
in case of ULTIMATE scenario
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 9
320 fb-1/y
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HL-LHC has developed : 1. ATS optics; 2. Lumi levelling
(Now in use in LHC ); will improve LHC collimation form Run3…
We are adopting strategy to improve the Experiment Data Quality (via
optimization of the pile up density, eff = 0.8-1.2)
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How a typical fill of HL-LHC will look like…
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 11
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HL-LHC: Also pushing the technology frontier!
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 12
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1 km of new undergroung galleries and 2 PITs
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 13
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1.2 km of new complete accelerators
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 14
Q1Q2a
Q2bQ3CPD1DFXDFM
SC Links
Connection to LHC (UL) Service gallery (UR)
TAXS
Crab cavities
UA Gallery
Q4
BBLR
D2
Collimators
TAXN
Service cavern
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SRF Crab Cavity
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 15
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Recombination dipole D2 (INFN) Q4 (CEA)
Sextupole (INFN) Dodecapole (INFN)Octupole (INFN) Decapole (INFN)
Skew quadrupole (INFN)D2/Q4 orbit corrector (CERN)
Separation dipole D1 (KEK) 11 T dipole (CERN)Triplet QXF (US-AUP and CERN) Orbit corrector (CIEMAT)
HL-LHC magnet “zoo”
Approximately 150 single
magnets and 50 cold
masses for HL-LHC
Courtesy of E. Todesco, HL-LHC
Courtesy of E. Todesco
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 16
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11T dipole production
Coil winding
Pole preparation
Pre-collaring
Collared apertureL. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 17
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IT QUAD first prototypes
US: Q1/Q3
4.2 m length
CERN: Q2
7.15 m length
First impregnated coil at CERN
Long mirror test at
BNLCoil winding at CERN L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 18
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HiLumi LHC:
preparing technology for next big steps
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 19
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Future Circular Collider
LHC FCC
Circumference (km) 26.7 97.5
Dipole field (T) 8.33 16
C.o.M. energy (TeV) 14 100
Courtesy of M. Benedikt, CERN, FCCL. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 20
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Nb3Sn: the workhorse of the “near Future”
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Dstrand: 0.7…1 mm
JC (16 T, 4.2 K) > 1500 A/mm2
M (1 T,4.2 K) <150 mT (Dfil < 20 m)
RRR > 150
UL > 5 km
Cost(16 T, 4.2 K) < 5 USD/kA m
Presentation given at “50+10 years”
Panel Session at the ASC,
Charlotte (US), August 10th-15th, 2014
By A. Ballarino and L. Bottura
Solid objectives for the FCC conductor R&D
The goal is ambitious but not impossible.
Cost will be probably the most challenging
Nb3Sn
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018
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Conductor R&D
1274 A/mm2 @ 15T, 4.2K
≈ 1000 A/mm2 @ 16T, 4.2K
2850 A/mm2 @ 12T, 4.2K
≈ 1250 A/mm2 @ 16T, 4.2K
≈ 950 A/mm2 @ 16T, 4.2K
1750 A/mm2 @ 15T, 4.2K
≈ 1400 A/mm2 @ 16T, 4.2K
Specification: 1500 A/mm2 @ 16T, 4.2K
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 22
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FCC Magnet Designs
blocks cos(q) common coil
Current (A) 11230 10000 16100
Inductance (mH/m) 40 50 19.2
Stored
energy
(kJ/m) 2520 2500 2490
Coil mass (tons) 7400 7400 9200
Very efficient use of superconductor Simplified mechanics and
manufacturing ?
Top ≈ 1.9 K
Iop/IC(loadline) ≈ 86 %
Vdump < 2.5 kV
smax < 200 MPa
Thot < 350 K
Dout ≈ 600 mm
Courtesy of D. Tommasini, CERN
HE-LHC !
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 23
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CCT option
Canted CosTheta
CCT
Current (A) 18055
Inductance (mH/m) 19.2
Stored
energy
(kJ/m) 3200
Coil mass (tons) 9770
135 MPa
on the conductor
Courtesy of B. Auchmann, PSI and CERNL. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 24
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FCC 16T plan
16 T
models
120h@620°C+120h@640°C
280h@625°C
(c)
(a) (b)
Real estate Pinning
Conductor R&D
ERMC
RMM
Opportunity for full length prototypes built in industry
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 25
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US high-field magnet R&D
Nb3Sn
16 T
HTS
20 T
Courtesy of S. Gourlay, US-MDPL. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 26
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Cos-theta, 4 layers, 15 T dipole
L1-L2: 28 strands, 1 mm RRP 150/169
L3-L4: 40 strands, 0.7 mm RRP 108/127
Assembly and test expected in 2018
Simplify assembly, reduce cost
Courtesy of A. Zlobin, FNALL. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 27
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Are stuck with 15-16 T of Nb3Sn or can we go
beyond? See recent superconductor results
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 28
Graph from Carmine Senatore, UniGeneva
Je = 600 A/mm2
2 HTS materials
Beyond 25 T !
Nb-TiNb3Sn HTS
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Racetrack POPE
920 µm
A 5 T, HTS based dipole
Proof-Of-Principle
Experiment
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 29
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Racetrack POPE results
Courtesy of M. Durante, CEA
5.37 T
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 30
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Short accelerator dipole demonstrator
40 mm aperture, cable (not single element)
A 5 T, 40 mm bore HTS based dipole demonstrator
Courtesy of G. Kirby, J. Van Nugteren, G. De Rijk, CERN; A. Kario, KITL. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 31
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Dipole demonstrator results
3.35 T
Courtesy of J. Van Nugteren, H. Bajas, CERN
Wound with low grade SC,
now winding with high grade:
hope for 7+ tesla!
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 32
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US CCT and HTS programs
Nb3Sn cable in CCT geometry Bi-2212 cable in racetrack
REBCO CORC in CCT geometry
Courtesy of S. Prestemon, LBNL
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 33
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20 T dipole hybrid proposed
in 2010 for HE-LHC
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 34
40 mm aperture
Now the FCC standard is more 50 mm
L. Rossi – E. Todesco
HE-LHC 15 T 26 TeV c.o.m.
20T 33 TeV c.o.m.
25T 41 TeV c.o.m.
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20 T or more: Super proton-proton Collider
in China (after CEPC)
LHC FCC SppC
Circumference (km) 26.7 97.5 100
Dipole field (T) 8.33 16 12…24
C.o.M. energy (TeV) 14 100 70…125
Courtesy of Q. Xu, IHEP, CN
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 35
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CN high-field magnet R&D
Baseline design Tunnel circumference: 100 km
Dipole magnet field: 12 T, iron-based HTS technology (IBS)
Center of Mass energy: >70 TeV
Upgrade phase Dipole magnet field: 20…24T, IBS technology
Center of Mass energy: >125 TeV
Development of high-field superconducting magnet technology Starting to develop required HTS magnet
technology before applicable iron-based wire is available
ReBCO & Bi-2212 and LTS wires be used for model magnet studies and as an option for SppC: stress management, quench protection, field quality control and fabrication methods
Conceptual design of common coil 12T dipole
Top priority: reduce cost!Instead of increasing field
Courtesy of Q. Xu, IHEP
Courtesy of Q. Xu, IHEP, CNIBS structure
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 36
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Highest “dipole” fields
Magnets
with “bore”
LBNL HD1
Record fields for SC magnets in “dipole” configuration
CERN RMC
CERN/CEA FRESCA2From Luca.Bottura-CERN
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 37
FRESCA2 + HTS insert = 20 T!
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Ideas for a 20 T dipoles!
See SuST publication 2018
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 38
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Betting on even larger improvement of Jc
Thinking to unconventional design
to go to 20-25 T regime
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 39
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Abandoning the concept of costheta
to go to simple race track ALL HTS
Operation at 10-20 K: no LHe (Big + in cost)
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 40
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Working on even more unconventional design
of the coil end shape
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 41
From Jeroen van Nugteren
and Glyn Kirby -CERN
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In summary…
The High-Luminosity LHC is the necessary step to prove High Field technology in real accelerator and reasonable size Production in 2018-2022
First use ever of Nb3Sn in a running accelerator
The next step is the development of magnets for an “FCC” Model activities are planned in EU laboratories (and US) in 2018-
2022
Prototyping in industry (full length, ≈10 magnets), in 2022-2025
This is the logical sequence of the HL-LHC production, profiting from Nb3Sn technology established in laboratories and industry
HTS is only in its infancy, but could be the killer technology for high-field magnet technology of the future Requires high-tech R&D, spanning from material science to
electromechanical engineering, 5 years program defined
HTS is the high-risk/high-return investment of the future
Needs constant investment beyond the today level
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 42
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Can we extrapolate linearly from the past
To go BEYOND 15-16 ? HE-LHC? Or FFC/SPPC
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 43
HE-
LHC
20 T is not out
of reach
Requires a step
more & and
consistent R&D
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Can we extrapolate linearly from the past
To go BEYOND 15-16 ? 25 T
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 44
HE-LHC
FCC/SPPC
Possible if a precision
machine buys time to
make the 25 T R&D
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Thanks and…
stay tuned for our 20+ T R&D…
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 45
60 years of experiments at accelerators have discovered the set of fundamental particles
accelerators
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Livingston plot
From Luca.Bottura-CERNL. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 47
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Old structures, new structures
mid 1970’s, FNAL: Collared coilsA. Tollestrup, Proc. Int Conf. on the History of Original
Ideas and Basic Discoveries in Particle Physics, Erice
(1994).
2002, LBNL: Bladder and keysR.R. Hafalia, et al., IEEE TAS, 12(1) (2002), pp. 47-50.
1998, TAMU: Stress managementN. Diaczenko, et al., Proc. PAC, Vancouver (1997), pp.3443-3345.
2014, LBNL: CCTS. Caspi, et al., IEEE TAS
(2014), p. 4001804.
1975, MIT: CICCM.O. Hoenig, et al., Proc. 5th Magn.
Tech. Conf., Frascati(1975), p. 519.
2017, FNAL: SM cos(q)V. Kashikin, et al., Proc. IPAC, Copenhagen (2017),
pp. 3597-3599.
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 48
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Stress in high field magnets
wµB
J
FµB2
s »F
wµ JB
LHC
11T
QXF
FCCHE-LHC
Stress limited
reducing J
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 49
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MQXFS5 results
PIT strand (0.85 mm,192)
JC: 2450 A/mm2 (12 T, 4.2 K)
Cu:non-Cu: 1.2
40 strands cable(18.15 mm x 1.52 mm)
Courtesy of P. Ferracin, J.C. Perez, H. Bajas, E. Todesco, CERN
Aperture 150 (mm)
Gradient 132.6 (T/m)
Current 16.47 (kA)
Peak field 11.4 (T)
≈ 22 kA
L. Rossi @ Shanghai 2 July 2018 50
