Status of Solar power Technology Development
in Indonesia
Adjat Sudradjat
B2TE-BPPT
B2TE
Experiences and Market Perspectives for Solar Power in Indonesia
Renewable Energy Conference Green Supply for Growing Demand
German – Indonesian Renewable Energy DaysJakarta October 24th – 26th ,2011
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B2TE
Introduction
Types of Photovoltaic system applications
Solar Home System (SHS)
Photovoltaic Pumping System (PVP)
PV Refrigerator system for Vaccine storage in rural clinic
PV system for Lighthouse navigation aid
PV Hybrid System
PV Grid-connected system
Technical and material skills available locally
Test laboratories, university laboratories
Certification or standardisation bodies
Manufacturers and installers, operators
Training institutions
Barriers and constraints
Distribution or maintenance difficulties
Appropriateness of the professional qualifications,
Market Development
Target of PV System Implementation 2025
Points to be Considered
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The research on the application and utilization of solar energy in Indonesia has been
started since 1979 as R & D activity . In those days there were a long term and intensiveco-operation for the utilization of Solar Energy, The German Government was representedby Federal Ministry for Education, Science, Research and Technologies (BMBF) and the
Indonesian Government was represented by The State Ministry for Research andTechnology.
The BMBF was then appointing TUV Rheinland to carry out the project, and the IndonesianMinistry of Research appoints, BPPT The initial project of this cooperation is called “SolarVillage Indonesia”. The project was carried out until 1984. The application of photovoltaic
system in this project was to coverbasic requirements of a specific village.
The co-operation was continued with the project, so called “Renewable Energies Indonesia”(REI) from 1985 to 1996. In this project, more application was introduced, such as medicalrefrigerator, remote TV relay and direct pumping systems for remote villages.
Australian Aid (AUSAID) in 1997. There are 36,400 units of SHS, with the capacity of 50
Wp, and 70 Ah battery was distributed throughout the country. Along with SHS deployment,AUSAID was also sponsored the funding of 14 PV Hybrid Systems in the island ofSulawesi.
The installation 1,000 units of SHS and PV-Diesel Hybrid System under the E7 program.
In the following year there was the French protocol program to finance of 4 PV-DieselHybrid System in Kalimantan.
IntroductionB2TE
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Some thousand of PV systems installed by several ministries such as Minstry of Energy andmineral sources, Ministry of Transmigration, Ministry for development of disadvantaged regions.(PDT) and local governments.
In the R&D sectors BPPT stressed on the research of the system, and test laboratory while the
Indonesian Institute of Science (LIPI) is working the photovoltaic cell as well as BandungInstitute of Technology (ITB).
The availability of test laboratory for the Solar Home System and component is required toprotect the quality product for the customers. The Energy Technology Centre (B2TE) BPPT
which certified with ISO 17025 is ready to serve.
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B2TETypes of Photovoltaic system applications
Modul
Fotovoltaik
Lampu TL 10 W
TV B/W / Radio
Lampu TL 6 W
Lampu TL 6 W
50 Wp
BCR dan
Batere
The common solar home system in Indonesia consist a 50 Wp photovoltaic module, a
lead acid battery with the capacity of 70 Ah, a 12 Volt, 10 Amps battery chargecontroller, three fluorescent lamps (6 Watts) and one DC outlet socket for low powerconsuming appliances.
The daily energy output of this system is about 130 W-hours, on the average irradiation4.5 kWh/m2day.
• Available in the market• Standard (SNI) available• Test Laboratory available
1. Solar Home System (SHS)
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2. Photovoltaic Pumping System (PVP)
The GTZ program was implemented in 1993 up to 1995. The program was implementing 16 units of
Photovoltaic pumps (PVP) in the Province of East Nusa Tenggara. The electricity produce by thearray of PV module is connected to submersible pump to lift the water from underground. Basicallythe PVP system runs automatically as soon as the sun comes up. However, a management needs
to be established for the purpose of looking after the system and all the supporting facilities todistribute the drinking water to the villagers.
• Available in the market
• Standard (SNI) Not available• Test Laboratory Not available
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3. PV Refrigerator system for Vaccine storage in rural clinic
The Ministry of Health (M.O.H) and several local Governments are implementing the
Photovoltaic for vaccine fridge in remote area especially the area which do not have access tothe electricity. The PV vaccine fridge is one of the important facilities in the Community HealthCentre in the remote village to store vaccine and medicine.
• Available in the market
• Standard (SNI) Not available• Test Laboratory Not available
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4. PV system for Lighthouse navigation aid
There are 25 units of PV systems for navigation aid has been installed through out the country. The
power of each system is 3.2 KWp in the form of hybrid systems. Electricity produced by this systemis for powering the lighthouse and the navigation aid tower. Additional systems which were installedin lighthouse complex were distributed 18 units of AC PV systems for employees who look after the
lighthouse. These systems were installed in the year 2005 under the program of The Ministry ofTransportation.
• Available in the market
• Standard (SNI) Not available• Test Laboratory Not available
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5. PV Hybrid System
The most hybrid system installed in Indonesia is the combination of the photovoltaic system
and the diesel generator. The Hybrid PV-Diesel System has been implemented by thegovernment to some remote areas since 1996.
• Available in the market
• Standard (SNI) Not available• Test Laboratory Not available
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6. PV Grid-connected system
Source: http://www.pvresources.com/en/gridcon.php
At the moment, PV grid connected system is still in the research and demonstration stage,
and currently the total capacity installed is about 112 kWp distributed on several buildingssuch as:Building of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral resources : 90 kWp
Building of The BPPT: 10.5 kWpBuilding of The German International School: 11.2 kWp.
Building of The Ministry of Education: 1 kWp.
• Available in the market
• Standard (SNI) Not available• Test Laboratory Not available
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Technical and material skills available locally
Technical skill of the PV systems is quite available in the country. However, if come to area of
implementation, which is mostly in the rural areas, there will be a slight problem to find a skill people.Therefore, training of local people is compulsory by the supplier, whom they installed PV systems inthe area.
The manufacturing company who produced the photovoltaic system and component in Indonesia arelimited to the Solar Home Systems and component while the components for the central system such
as hybrid system and grid tied system are still imported. The manufacturing of photovoltaic modulesis limited to the framing and laminating only, there are about six companies are working on thisframing and laminating.
The available test laboratory for the Solar Home System and component is provided in the EnergyTechnology Centre (B2TE) BPPT. This laboratory is accreditated by the ISO 17025. The B2TE test
laboratory was developed in cooperation with TUEV Rheinland and Fraunhofer ISE Germany. Thislaboratory was certifiedby the National Certification body of Indonesia (BSN) in the year of 2000.
The institution responsible for the implementation of standardization and certification is National
Standardization Agency (BSN). BSN is supported by KAN (National Accreditation Committee) inconducting activities related to accreditation and certification in Indonesia. The main task of KAN is to
award accreditation to certification bodies (such as those related to quality system, products,personnel, training, environment management system, and forest conservation management system),test/calibration laboratory as well as inspection and accreditation of standardization of other fields in
accordance with the requirement, and to give advices to the Head of BSN in setting up accreditationand certificationsystems.
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Research Activities
Apart of B2TE, another division under BPPT, who work on solar energy activities, is EnergyConversion and Conservation Centre (PTKKE). This division works in the field of Photovoltaic
systems.Other institutes who work in the field of solar energy are the Ministry of Mine and Energy, Indonesia
National Science Institute (LIPI) and Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB). LIPI and ITB are doingresearch, stressing on the material of photovoltaic cell materials such as poly, mono and amorphoussilicon technology. The ITB is also working on the test of small inverter for DC lamps in the SHS.
Manufacturers and installers, operators
The manufacturer and installer companies are member of the Association of Photovoltaic systemsuppliers such as APSURYA, AKJEKTI While the operator usually coming from the local people
which trained by the supplier for the non-PLN project.Because most of the projects are turn-key, it is obligatory for the PV suppliers to carry out the
installation of the PV Systems. They do bidding in the project to provide and to install photovoltaicsystems.
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Training institutions
Training in the PV systems, so far, is dedicated for SHS. This is because SHS is the largestdeployments in the country. They are mostly implemented in the rural areas, where the users are very
simple people.There are many institutions performing training to those interested in the SHS and other PV systems.
These institutions include BPPT, Ministry Mines and Energy, Universities and some foreign NGOswhich has financedby multilateral donor.
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Barriers and Constraints
Currently, most of the Indonesian PV market is coming from the Government, and with the aim to
speed up the rate of electrification. The distribution of SHS 50 Wp which is run by the Government
is free of charge. This condition will make a difficulty to have a sustainable system.
The scheme of implementation of SHS among Government agency is not same. This also could
create a problem if there are close locations which installedwith different agency.
Most of major component of photovoltaic system are still imported, especially for bigger system
such as the hybrid system, stand alone centralized and pumping system. For small systems like
SHS, only PV modules are imported the other components such as battery storage, battery charge
regulator (BCR), DC Lamps, are produced locally.
Lack of spare-parts on site..
There is no system standard for other system than SHS.
Understanding or knowledge of PV systems vary.
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Market Development
Since 2010, the market of PV system is not only from the Government, but also from PT PLN, especially
for central system such as PV-Diesel Hybrid and PV grid-tie system.
PT PLN program for the 2010.
• Raja Ampat, Papua with 45 kWp,• Derawan East Kalimantan170 kWp as a hybrid,
• Banda Maluku100 kWp as a grid tie,• Gili Terawangan West Nusa Tenggara 200 kWp as a grid tie,• Bunaken IslandNorth Sulawesi 350kWpas a hybrid system.
PT PLN program for 2011.
• Lembata (East Nusa Tenggara) 600 kWp as a grid tie,• Sebatik (East Kalimantan) 340 kWp as grid tie,• Bunyu (East Kalimantan) 150 kWp as a grid Tie,
• Miangas (North Sulawesi) 85 kWp as a hybrid• Morotai (Maluku) 600 kWP as a hybrid system.
And will be followed by 1000 island PV program.
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Unit Capacity (MWp)
Off grid
1. Central PV systems community based (5 kWp)2. Central PV for offices (20 kWp)
64.5003.500
322,570,0
On grid
1. House holds (2 kWp)2. PLN/IPP (3 MWp)
150.000100
300,0300,0
Sum 992.5
Source : DIRJEN EBTKE
Target of PV System Implementation 2025
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B2TE Points to be Considered
Management institution on the site and sales distribution of spare parts
need to be established in the location where SHS were installed.
One application scheme from the Government.
Expand the local production for PV system component.
Develop technical standard for PV Systems and Component
Develop the testing laboratory for PV System and Component
PV System socialization to all stakeholders.
More qualified personnel in PV system suppliers
Encourage the research agencies as well as universities to do research
on PV system and component
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Thank You
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