Status of the SPARC projectStatus of the SPARC projectMassimo FerrarioMassimo Ferrario
INFN-LNFINFN-LNFOn behalf of the SPARC teamOn behalf of the SPARC team
* 31* 31thth LNF Scientific Committee Meeting - 29 LNF Scientific Committee Meeting - 29 November 05 *November 05 *
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SPARC TeamSPARC Team
D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, M. Biagini, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, A. Clozza, G. D. Alesini, M. Bellaveglia, M. Biagini, R. Boni, M. Boscolo, M. Castellano, A. Clozza, G. Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Esposito, M. Ferrario, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco, G. Gatti, A. Gallo, Di Pirro, A. Drago, A. Esposito, M. Ferrario, D. Filippetto, V. Fusco, G. Gatti, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, S. Guiducci, M. Incurvati, C. Ligi, M. Migliorati, A. Ghigo, S. Guiducci, M. Incurvati, C. Ligi, M. Migliorati, L. PalumboL. Palumbo,, L. Pellegrino, L. Pellegrino, M. Preger, R. Ricci, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, F. M. Preger, R. Ricci, C. Sanelli, M. Serio, F. Sgamma, B. Spataro, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, F. Tazzioli, C. Vaccarezza, M. Vescovi, C. Vicario, M. ZobovTazzioli, C. Vaccarezza, M. Vescovi, C. Vicario, M. Zobov (INFN /LNF)(INFN /LNF)
F. Alessandria, I. Boscolo, F. Broggi, S.Cialdi, C. DeMartinis, D. Giove, C. Maroli, F. Alessandria, I. Boscolo, F. Broggi, S.Cialdi, C. DeMartinis, D. Giove, C. Maroli, V. Petrillo, M. Romè, L. Serafini, V. Petrillo, M. Romè, L. Serafini, (INFN /Milano)(INFN /Milano)
M. Mattioli, G. Medici, P. Musumeci, M. Petrarca M. Mattioli, G. Medici, P. Musumeci, M. Petrarca (INFN /Roma1)(INFN /Roma1)
L. Catani, E. Chiadroni, A. CianchiL. Catani, E. Chiadroni, A. Cianchi (INFN /Roma2)(INFN /Roma2)
A. Cultrera, A. PerroneA. Cultrera, A. Perrone (INFN /Lecce)(INFN /Lecce)
F. Ciocci, G. Dattoli, L. Giannessi, L. Mezi, L. Picardi, M. Quattromini, A.Renieri, C. F. Ciocci, G. Dattoli, L. Giannessi, L. Mezi, L. Picardi, M. Quattromini, A.Renieri, C. Ronsivalle Ronsivalle (ENEA/FIS)(ENEA/FIS)J. B. Rosenzweig, S. Reiche J. B. Rosenzweig, S. Reiche (UCLA)(UCLA)P. Bolton, D. Dowell, P.Emma, P. Krejick, C. LimborgP. Bolton, D. Dowell, P.Emma, P. Krejick, C. Limborg (SLAC)(SLAC)
LABORATORY
@ LNF-INFN
F. Sgamma, S. Tomassini
• High Brightness electron beam High Brightness electron beam generationgeneration
• SASE FEL experimentsSASE FEL experiments
• Advanced Accelerator ConceptsAdvanced Accelerator Concepts
A A Free Electron LaserFree Electron Laser is a device that is a device that converts converts electron kinetic energyelectron kinetic energy into into
coherent radiationcoherent radiation via a via a collective collective instabilityinstability in an undulator in an undulator
Undulator RadiationUndulator Radiation
K
e˜ B uu
2mc 2
1
K 1The electron trajectory is inside the radiation cone if
The electron trajectory is determined by the undulator field and The electron trajectory is determined by the undulator field and the electron energythe electron energy
Relativistic MirrorsRelativistic Mirrors
u'
u
//
rad' u
'
rad u
2//2
1
//2
1
2
2
rad u
22 1K 2
// 1
1 //2
Counter propagating pseudo-Counter propagating pseudo-radiationradiation
Compton back-scattered Compton back-scattered radiation in the moving mirror radiation in the moving mirror
frameframe
Doppler effect in the laboratory Doppler effect in the laboratory frameframe
TUNABILITYTUNABILITY
Psat Pbeam Ne4 / 3
Free Electron LaserFree Electron LaserSelf-Amplified-Spontaneous-EmissionSelf-Amplified-Spontaneous-Emission(No Mirrors - Tunability - Harmonics)(No Mirrors - Tunability - Harmonics)
TTF-FELDESY
98 nm
TTF-FELDESY
98 nm
LEUTLAPS/ANL385 nm
LEUTLAPS/ANL385 nm
September 2000September 2000
VISAVISAATF/BNLATF/BNL840 nm840 nm
VISAVISAATF/BNLATF/BNL840 nm840 nm
March 2001March 2001
GL
zPzP exp
9)( 0
SASE Experimental resultsSASE Experimental results
Since September 2000Since September 20003 SASE FEL’s demonstration3 SASE FEL’s demonstration
Single Pass FEL Projects
PAL – FEL
SCSS
XFEL4GLS
MIT / BatesLEUTL
LUX
LCLS
VISA / DUV
SPARC / SPARXFERMI
SC technology / NC technology
BESSY FEL
LEG
TTF / XFEL
R. Saldin et al. in Conceptual Design of a 500 GeV e+e- Linear Collider with Integrated X-ray Laser Facility, DESY-1997-048
SASE FEL Electron Beam SASE FEL Electron Beam Requirements:Requirements:
High Brightness BHigh Brightness Bnn
Bn 2I
n2Bn
rMIN
1K 2 2 BnK
2 Bn
K2
Lg 3 2
K Bnn 1K 2 2 Bn
energy energy
spreadspread
undulator undulator
parameterparameter
minimum minimum radiation radiation wavelengthwavelength
gain gain lengtlengthh
Bn 2I
n2B
bunch bunch compressorscompressors
RF & magneticRF & magnetic
Pulse ShapingPulse Shaping
New Working New Working PointPoint
How to increase e- BrightnessHow to increase e- Brightness
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SPARC PhotoinjectorsSPARC Photoinjectors
Electron Photo-InjectorElectron Photo-Injector
Mira Ti:Sa Oscillator
Hidra CPA Ti:Sa Amplifier
RGA + 2 MPTHG UV Stretcher
VerdiNd:YVO4
ContinuumNd:Yag
Pu
mp
sS
eed
Lin
eEvolutionNd:YLF
Synchro Lock PLL
RF ReferenceR&S 2,856 GHz
DAZZLERTeO2
Ext
. Syn
ch.
f/36
800 nm50 mJ10 Hz100 fs
800 nm10 nJ80 MHz100 fs
266 nm4 mJ10 Hz100 fs
266 nm1,8 mJ10 Hz0.5-12 ps
LASER SYSTEM
CHARACTERIZATION : UPCONVERSION
TH-UV266 nm
BLUE SPECTRUM
UV SPECTRUM
SH-BLUE400 nm
Cross Correlation measurements ps10theory
t
ItI
2
w
ˆ 3I0
8
3
ˆ I
2Ioth
' 0
Emittance Compensation: Emittance Compensation:
Controlled Damping of Plasma OscillationControlled Damping of Plasma Oscillation
Brillouin FlowBrillouin Flow
Hokuto IijimaHokuto Iijima
100 A ==> 150 MeV
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 2 4 6 8 10Z_[m]
GunLinac
rms beam size [mm]
rms norm. emittance [um]
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.006
z=0.23891
Pr
R [m]
-0.05
0
0.05
0 0.0008 0.0016 0.0024 0.0032 0.004
z=1.5
Pr
R [m]
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0 0.0008 0.0016 0.0024 0.0032 0.004
z=10
pr_
[rad]
R_[m]
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002
0.0025
0.003
0.0035
0.004
-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001 0.002 0.003
z=0.23891
Rs [m
]
Zs-Zb [m]
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002
0.0025
0.003
0.0035
0.004
-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001 0.002 0.003
Z=10
Rs [m
]
Zs-Zb [m]
0
0.0005
0.001
0.0015
0.002
0.0025
0.003
0.0035
0.004
-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0 0.001 0.002 0.003
z=1.5
Rs [m
]
Zs-Zb [m]
Final emittance = 0.4 m
Matching onto the Local Emittance Max.,
Optimized matchingOptimized matching
Movable Emittance-Meter Movable Emittance-Meter ConceptConcept
EMITTANCE-METEREMITTANCE-METER
• Completed• Tested at PITZ• Installed at SPARC for Gun Beam measurements
Gun and emittance meter Gun and emittance meter installedinstalled
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750
z(cm)
Xrms(mm)Yrms(mm)Exn (mm-mrad)Eyn(mm-mrad)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160.1
1
10
100
1 103
1 104
1 105
1 106
1 107
1 108
Z (m)
Pow
er (
W)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 160.1
1
10
100
1 103
1 104
1 105
1 106
1 107
1 108
Z (m)
Pow
er (
W)
Radiation power growth along the undulator @ 530 nmRadiation power growth along the undulator @ 530 nm
UNDULATOR
Undulator period (cm) 2.8Undulator parameter k 2.143Undulator gap (mm) 9.25# Undulator sections 6# Undulator periods per section 78Drift length between undulator sections (cm) 36.5Additional quadrupole gradient (T/m) 5.438Additional quadrupole length (cm) 8.4FEL radiation wavelength (fundamental, nm) 499.6Average beta function (m) 1.516Expected saturation length (m) < 12
GENESIS simulation of the SPARC GENESIS simulation of the SPARC SASE-FELSASE-FEL
2002 - Stage I - FEASIBILITY
• Project formulation • Feasibility Study• Strategy design• Approval
2003-2004- Stage II - PLANNING & DESIGN
• Base design• Detailed Cost and schedule• Detailed planning• Major contracts for procurement
2004-2005 - Stage III - CONSTRUCTION
• Manufacturing • Delivery• Civil works• Installation
2006 - Stage IV - COMMISSIONING & OPERATION
• Final Testing• Commissioning• Operation
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006Project duration
Collaborations and UE programs
SPARC
DESYBNL
UCLA
SLAC
EUROFELEUROFEL
PITZ
• RF CompressorRF Compressor• SeedingSeeding• SynchronizationSynchronization
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Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR)Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR)Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR)Coherent Synchrotron Radiation (CSR)
Powerful radiation generates energy spread in bendsPowerful radiation generates energy spread in bends Powerful radiation generates energy spread in bendsPowerful radiation generates energy spread in bends
Causes bend-plane emittance growthCauses bend-plane emittance growth Causes bend-plane emittance growthCauses bend-plane emittance growth
Energy spread breaks achromatic systemEnergy spread breaks achromatic system Energy spread breaks achromatic systemEnergy spread breaks achromatic system
x = Rx = R1616((ss))E/EE/E
bend-plane emittance growthbend-plane emittance growth
ee––RR
zz
coherent radiation coherent radiation forforzz
overtaking length:overtaking length: L L00 (24 (24zzRR22))1/31/3
ssxx
LL00
Velocity bunching conceptVelocity bunching concept
Average current vs RF compressor phase
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
-95 -90 -85 -80 -75 -70 -65 -60
RF compressor phase (deg)
Ave
rag
e cu
rren
t (A
)
LOW COMPRESSION
MEDIUM COMPRESSION
HIGH COMPRESSION
OVER-COMPRESSION
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<I> = 860 A<I> = 860 A
nxnx = 1.5 = 1.5 mm
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+ ChannellingChannelling
MAMBO
APPROVED
APPROVED
The Frascati Laser for Acceleration and Multidisciplinary The Frascati Laser for Acceleration and Multidisciplinary ExperimentsExperiments
laser pulseslaser pulses: 50 fs, 800 nm >100 TW @10 50 fs, 800 nm >100 TW @10 HzHz
LINAC
UNDULATOR
synchronisationuncompressed pulse
vacuum compressor
acceleration chamber
detectorsarea
control& data
EEx x 2222laslas (1- (1-
coscos))
Produzioni di impulsi X : 101099 fotoni/s fotoni/s,
3 ps, monocromatici monocromatici tunabili nel range 20 keV - 1 MeV20 keV - 1 MeV
• Studi di tecniche di mammografia (e angiografia coronarica)
• Studi di single molecule protein cristallography.
NX T fN
e Nh
coll2
2109 / 11
La realizzazione di una immagine (su superficie 18x24 cmLa realizzazione di una immagine (su superficie 18x24 cm22) ) in tempi di in tempi di 2600 s2600 s scende a scende a 2.6 s2.6 s con l’upgrade previsto su con l’upgrade previsto su SPARC che porta il num. di fotoni a 2.5 10SPARC che porta il num. di fotoni a 2.5 101111 /s /s
The constrast (sensitivity to tissue density variations) goes from 8% to 0.1%, while thespatial resolution goes from 0,15 -0,3 mm to 0.01-0.015 mm. This means the capability todetect a tumor 30 times smaller in volume, i.e. a 2 year earlier detection of the tumor.
MaMBO Experiment: MaMBO Experiment: Mammography Monochromatic Beam OutlookMammography Monochromatic Beam Outlook
n np
np
p
2
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20122009 2010 2011 2012
TTF-IITTF-II
6 nm6 nm
LCLSLCLS
0.1 nm0.1 nmTESLATESLAX-FELX-FEL
0.1 nm0.1 nm
SASESASE Seeding AngstromAngstrom
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
The SPARC&X projects will allow INFN to develop a robust The SPARC&X projects will allow INFN to develop a robust cutting-edge R&D program:cutting-edge R&D program:
- High quality electron beams from a LINAC- High quality electron beams from a LINAC
- Generation of new FEL radiation - Generation of new FEL radiation
- X-beam optics, handling, diagnostics, detectors- X-beam optics, handling, diagnostics, detectors
- Advanced Accelerator Concepts- Advanced Accelerator Concepts
Know-how on LINACsKnow-how on LINACs
- Generation of e-beams with photo-injectors- Generation of e-beams with photo-injectors - Beam phase-space manipulation- Beam phase-space manipulation - RF-power, Acceleration and Transport- RF-power, Acceleration and Transport - Synchronization, Diagnostics & Control- Synchronization, Diagnostics & Control
Will allow INFN to contribute with wider and stronger expertise Will allow INFN to contribute with wider and stronger expertise to the future ILC project.to the future ILC project.
Finally,Finally,- 5 thesis/year- 5 thesis/year
- 6 PhD- 6 PhD - 6 Contracts (Ass. Ric., Art. 23)- 6 Contracts (Ass. Ric., Art. 23) About 10 young Physicists and Engineers, with enthusiasm and About 10 young Physicists and Engineers, with enthusiasm and motivations, are being educated in the field.motivations, are being educated in the field.
SPARC ProjectSPARC Project 7.5 +2.5 7.5 +2.5 M€M€ (MIUR+INFN)(MIUR+INFN)
R&D program towards high brightness eR&D program towards high brightness e--
beam for SASE-FEL’sbeam for SASE-FEL’s
SPARX Phase ISPARX Phase I 10 + 2.35 10 + 2.35 M€M€ (MIUR+INFN)(MIUR+INFN)
- R&D towards an X-ray FEL-SASE source - R&D towards an X-ray FEL-SASE source
- Test Facility at 10 nm with the Da- Test Facility at 10 nm with the Dane ne Linac (Linac (SPARXINOSPARXINO))
SPARX Phase IISPARX Phase II 12 12 M€ M€ ? ? (MIUR)(MIUR)
- Linac energy up-grade (1.5 GeV ?) -> 2 - Linac energy up-grade (1.5 GeV ?) -> 2 nm ?nm ?
14.5 m1.5m
11º
10.0 m 5.4 m
quadrupolesdipoles
Diagnostic1-6 Undulator modules
Photoinjector solenoidRF sections
RF deflectorcollimator
25º
25º
