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Rudder Torque

In order to move the rudder the steeringgear has to create a certain torque(measured in Kilo Newton meters). The

torque requirement is given by the classrules to ensure safe maneuverability ofthe vessel. The size and shape of the

rudder and also the speed o the vesselis taken into consideration.

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Spade Rudder

-is the most usedrudder type on ferries

and smaller boats.This type of ruddergives very goodmaneuverability

depending on theavailable rudderangle and the rudderprofile.

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Half Spade Rudder

-is commonlyused in big

vessels and is notas effective as aspade rudder ofthe same size.

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Flap Rudder

-is used whenvery goodmaneuverability is

required. The rearfin exaggeratesthe movement ofthe rudder making

the rudder moreeffective.

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Two Types of Electro-hydraulicsteering gear

The Ram Type and the Rotary vane typehave similar principles that is strongslow movement of a mechanical surfaceis created by the use of high oil pressure

Ram uses cylinder pistons

Rotary vane uses pressure working onthe side of a vane.

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Parts of the Actuator

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Angle Indicator

Fixed to the rudder stock and shows therudder angle.

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Expansion Tank

this tank serves as an expansion tankfor the system oil.

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Upper Radial Bearing

made of brass and lubricated by thesystem oil. It takes up radial forces inconjunction with the lower radial

bearing.

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Rudder Stock

acts as a securing device for the frictionconnection between the rudder stockand the rotor.

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Stopper

making boundaries for the pressurechambers and also sets the limits to therudder angle of each side.

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Rotor

moving part of the actuator. It turns therudder stock when the hydraulicpressure increases. It is fitted with

spring loaded cast iron bars.

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Housing

serves as the outer boundary, side andbottom of the pressure chambers.

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Lower Radial Bearing

made of brass and lubricated by thesystem oil. It take up radial forces inconjunction with the upper radial

bearing.

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Packing Gland

keeps the system oil from leaking downthe rudder stock, after the system oil haslubricated the lower side bearing and the

rudder carrier.

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Steering Gear Control

System

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Engine Control Room

in the engine control room, there is analarm/signal panel. According to normalstandards and to avoid possible

misunderstandings, it should not bepossible to operate the steering gearfrom this control stand.

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Wheel House

the main control panel is in the wheelhouse. This control panel features thestart/stop and the alarm/signals and

acknowledgement of alarms. It includesa panorama three way consisting of tworudder angles and the speed of the ship.

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Steering Gear Compartment

on the top of the actuator there is ascale with degrees, showing the angle ofthe rudder to port/starboard and also

signal transmitter and feedbacks forremote rudder indication and steeringcontrol system

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Three Steering Modes

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Auto Pilot

the ship will automatically find its way toa preset position point along a presetroute. If the ship is forced out of course

the auto pilot will use the rudder to getthe ship back to course.

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Follow Up

a variant of manual steering. It allowsthe rudder to be locked in any rudderangle and the system will hold it there

until you move it again.

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Non Follow Up

is totally manual control of the ruddermovement from wheel house or inemergency situations from the steering

gear compartment.

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Emergency Steering

is the same as local steering from thesteering gear compartment. The operatorhas to push directly on the valves of the

actuator and keep his eyes on the rudderangle indicator wheel on top of the actuator.Rudder commands are to be received byphone from the bridge. Local steering canalso be done from the starter cabinets frontpanel.