Applications for smart secondarysubstations based on selected pilotprojects
Stefan Kämpfer, ABB AG
Content
§ Use cases for smart secondary substations
§ Modules and packages
§ Case study RiesLing
§ Automation packages
§ MV monitoring
§ Optimized voltage control
§ Smart planning process
§ Case study Smart Area Aachen
§ Voltage observation in the LV grid
§ Summary
October 2, 2014 | Slide 2© ABB Group
Use cases for smart secondary substationsDrivers for automation solutions
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Optimizationof assets andgrid operation
Requiredautomationfunctions
• Measurement
• Faultdetection
• Remotecontrol
• Voltageregulation
• Communicat-ion
Voltagecontrol andoptimization
Increasequalityof supply
§ Monitoring and analysis of distribution grid capacity
§ Identification and management of congestions
§ Optimized planning of operation tasks
§ Coordinated voltage control in MV
§ Voltage control in LV grids
§ Faster fault localization, isolation and restoration
§ Documentation of quality
Stepwise approach for smart distribution gridsAnalysisè Monitoringè Control
Analysis
Monitoring
Control
Topology of MV grid § Evaluation of optimal deploymentof grid automation
§ Classification of LV grids withvoltage problems
Simple network structurefeatures of LV grid
Voltage and currentmeasurements
Remote controlled switches
Voltage regulator
§ Observation of voltage andevaluation for further upgrade
§ Fault localization
§ Optimized voltage control§ Management of congestions§ Fault isolation and restoration
Fault detection
Packages for stepwise automationModules for smart secondary substations
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Secondary substation
Communication
Network controlsystem
Load breaking switches with motor drive
Voltage regulator
Primary equipment:
UPSMV
LV
Measurementof non-electrical
values
LVMeasurement
MVMeasurement
Remote control
Case study RiesLingModular, scalable automation solution
x
Customers & partners
§ EnBW ODR, EnBW REG, T-Systems
ABB’s response – Smart grid scope
§ ABB remote control and measuring equipment forpower monitoring, voltage control and fault detection
§ Predictive network control
§ Secure, surveilled communication
Objectives
§ Development and implementation of monitoring andautomation equipment in secondary substations forsafe, reliable and economical operation ofdistribution grids
Benefits
§ Modular, scalable solutions for secure, economicaland predictive distribution grid operation
© ABB GroupOctober 2, 2014 | Slide 6
intelligent secondarysubstation inWechingen
Case study RiesLingAutomation packages
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Monitoring:§ Measurement of IMV
§ Measurement of VLV, ILV, PLV, QLV
§ Calculation or direct measurement of VMV,PMV, QMV
§ Directional fault detectionUninterruptible power supply:§ 15 minutes
Control option:§ Remote controllable load breaking switches
Voltage regulation option:§ Power electronic regulation PCS100 AVR
Uninterruptible power supply:§ 15 minutes§ 1 switching operation minimum
Secondary substation
RTU
Communication
Network controlsystem
UPSMV
LV
Secondary substation
RTU
Communication
Network controlsystemRemote controllable switch
Voltage regulator
Primary equipment:
UPSMV
LV
LVMeasurement
MVMeasurement
MVMeasurement
LVMeasurement
Case study RiesLingApplication examples
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Case study RiesLing
Direct sensor measurement
§ Capacitve divider and rogowski coil
§ Directional fault detection
§ For new RMUs
§ Retrofit of gas insulated RMUs
MV calculation vs. direct sensor measurement
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LV
calculated
VMV
PMV
QMV
MV
measured
VMV
PMV
QMV
Calculation of MV values
§ No direct MV measurement necessary
§ Based on transformer model
§ Directional fault detection
§ Retrofit of secondary substations
Case study RiesLingResults of MV calculation
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Volta
ge[p
.U.]
Dev
iatio
n[%
]
1.03
1.02
1.01
0
0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.1
Time [h]
§ V measured V calculated
Case study RiesLing
Voltage control
1. Setpoint from network controlcenter
2. Based on solar radiation (nottested)
3. Based on distributed LVmeasurements, wide arearegulation
4. Load flow dependentsetpoint
Voltage control concepts
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LV
MV
Case study RiesLing
Fixed setpoint Wide area regulation Load flow dependent setpoint
Exploitation of voltage band
- ++ +
Efforts
+ - o
Results of voltage control
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Optimized voltage control can enable a better exploitation of the available voltage bandwidth
Load flow dependent setpoint is best compomise between efforts and exploitation
Smart PlanningProcess for evaluation of „critical grids“
© ABB AGOctober 2, 2014 | Slide 13
Evaluation process is separated in three process phases inorder to handle massproblems in low voltage
Only grids evaluated as critical reach the next process phase
Installationof voltageregulator
Monitoringin secondarysubstation
Classification oflocal grids
Smart PlanningStep 1
© ABB AGOctober 2, 2014 | Slide 14
§ Classification based on simple grid structure features and currentpenetration of grid with photovolatic
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
200%
220%
240%
260%
280%
300%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
PV-p
enet
ratio
n
Residential development
critical area
uncritical area
x Local grid
Grid structurefeatures:§ Local grid radius§ Number of
residential units§ Number of
residentialconnections
§ Type oftransformer
§ Standard cabletype
§ Number of cabledistribution units
§ …
Installationof voltageregulator
Monitoringin secondarysubstation
Classification oflocal grids
Smart PlanningStep 2
© ABB AGOctober 2, 2014 | Slide 15
§ Determination of reference based on load flow calculation with NEPLAN® Þ„fingerprint“ of grid
§ Upgrading the secondary substation with automation to an intelligentsecondary substation and measuring of power and voltage
meshed local gridMVLV
DVref
S PPV,ref
PTr,ref
PTr
VLV,SS
Local grid getsconspicuous inclassification phase Installation
of voltageregulator
Monitoringin secondarysubstation
Classification oflocal grids
Installation ofcontrollabledistribution
transformers
Monitoring ofsecondarysubstation
Smart PlanningStep 3
© ABB AGOctober 2, 2014 | Slide 16
Classification of localgrids
§ Grid with voltage range deviations:ð voltage regulator or controllable distribution transformer andð continuated monitoring of grid for possible voltage range
deviations
Installationof voltageregulator
Monitoringin secondarysubstation
Classification oflocal grids
Case study: Smart Area AachenIntelligent secondary substation
x
Customers & partners§ Stadtwerke Aachen, FGH, TU Dortmund
ABB’s response – Smart grid scope§ Analysis of intelligent secondary substation use cases
§ Identification & evaluation of secondary substationconcepts and new voltage regulation algorithms
§ Evaluation of new fault detection methods
Objectives§ Increase distribution grid stability and observability
while improving supply quality
§ Development of long term cost effective distributionautomation technology and products
Benefits§ Fully tested products and solutions for individual,
scalable and economical distribution grid automationtasks, e.g. for measurement, voltage control and FDIR
Figure:Automation package
© ABB GroupOctober 2, 2014 | Slide 17
Case study: Smart Area AachenVoltage observation for LV grids
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VLV,SS
Duref,1
Pref,1
Duref,2
Pref,2Pref,3
MV
Duref,3 Fing
erpr
int
IFeeders
Measurements
Vcrit1, Vcrit2, Vcrit3
à VmaxLV, VminLV
partly meshed LV grid
PFeeders
Estimation of critical voltages in the LV grid without extensive ICT
Summary
Efficient automation of distribution grids with smartsecondary substations requires:
§ Integrated approach between planning and operation:analysisà monitoringà control
§ Increased grid observability based on new measurementconcepts
§ New control and regulation options
§ Modular solution packages adopted to use cases
October 2, 2014 | Slide 19© ABB Group