PARTICIPANTS

Tal ALEXANDER Department of Astronomy School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel-Aviv 69978 ISRAEL E-Mail: tal@wise3.tau.ac.il

Pietro ANTONIOU Universita degli Studi di Torino Istituto di Fisica Generale Via Pietro Giuria, I 10125 Torino, ITALY E-Mail: antonioli@vaxto.infn.it -or- 39278::antonioli

Hussein BADRAN Departtnent of Physics Tanta University Tanta EGYPT

Evgeny BEREZHKO lost. of Cosmophysical Research Lenin Ave 31 Yakutsk 677891 RUSSIA Telex: 145126 lena su

Konrad BERNLHOR Max-Planck-Institut fur Kernphysik Postfach 103980 D-6900 Heidelberg 1 GERMANY E-mail: bemlohr@eu6.mpi-hd.mpg.de

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Stella Marie BRADBURY Departtnent of Physics University of Durham South Road DH1 3LE Durham UNITED KINGDOM E-mail: sbradbury@star.dur.ac.uk

Joshua BURTON Dept. of Nuclear Physics The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot761oo ISRAEL E-mail: ftburton@weizmann.ac.il -or- burton@QCD.physics.brown.edu

Robert CALDWEll... Departtnent of Physics University of Wisconsin P.O. Box 413 Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA E-mail: caldwell@dirac.phys.uwm. edu

Sylvie CHARBIT C.E.N. Saclay DAPNINSPP bat. 141 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex FRANCE E-mail: charbit@frsac53.bitnet -or­dphvx2::charbit

Arati CHOKSHI IPAC: 100-22 California Institute of Technology Pasadena,CA 91125 USA E-mail: Chokshi@IPAC.Caltech.edu

John CLEM Departtnent of Physics & Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803-4001 USA E-mail: 7894::clem -or­clem@phepds.phys.lsu.edu

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James CONNELL Laboratory for Astrophysics and Space Research The University of Chicago 933 E. 56th Street Chicago, IL 60637 USA E-mail: lasr::connell-or­connell@odysseus.uchicago.edu

Kevin DESOUZA Department of Physics University of Leeds Woodhouse Lane LS2 4JT Leeds UNITED KINGDOM E-mail: Phy5kds@sun.leeds.ac.uk

LevDORMAN Department of Cosmic Ray Izmiran 142092 Troitsk RUSSIA E-mail: leva@ve.tau.ac.il

Georgia DRILIA Department of Physics University of Athens Panepistimiopolis 15783 Zografos Athens, GREECE E-mail: (span): 5417::Drilia

Debiprosad DUARl Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Post Bag 4 Pune411007 INDIA E-mail: debi@iucaa.ernet.in

Nevin DULGER Department of Physics Erciyes University Talas Yalu 38039 Kayseri TURKEY E-mail: dulget@trerun.bitnet

Seyed FATEMI Department of Physics University of Kerman P.O. Box 76175-133 Kerman IRAN Fax: 0341-42716

Giovanni FAZIO Optical Infrared Division Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics 60 Garden Street Cambridge, MA 02138 USA E-mail: fazio@cfa.harvard.edu

Ervin FENYVES Department of Physics P.O. Box 830688 University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, TX 75083 USA

David FlCENEC Department of Physics Washington University Campus Box 1105 One Brookings Drive St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 USA E-mail: ficeneC@landau.wustl.edu

William FOWLER Dept. of Phys. Math. & Astron. California Institute of Technology 1225 California Boulevard Pasadena, CA 91125 USA E-mail: keay@caltech.bitnet

Peter GABRIEL Institut fur Kernphysik der Universitaet Karlsruhe Kernforschungszentrum Postfach 3640 W- 7500 Karlsruhe 1 GERMANY E-mail: Ikpoc4@Dkakfk3.bitnet

Emmanuelle GAILLARD CEA-Saclay DAJPN[AJSPP,bat 141 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex FRANCE E-mail: Gaillard@frsac53.bitnet -or- Dphvx2::Gaillard

Franco GIOVANNELLI Consiglio Nationale delle Richerche Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale C. P. 67, via E. Fermi, 21 00044 Frascati (Rm) ITALY E-mail: flavio@irmias.bitnet

Carlo GruNT! INFN Via P. Giuria 1 10125 Torino ITALY E-mail: Vaxto::giunti -or­giunti@torino.bitnet.infn.it

Lilian GRAHAM Department of Physics Science Laboratories South Road DRI 3LE Durham UNITED KINGDOM Fax: 44-91-374-3749

Stephen GRANT Department of Physics Imperial College Prince Consort Road South Kensington SW7 2BZ London UNITED KINGDOM E-mail: smg@star.ic.ac.uk -or-19759::SMG

Stephen HUBER Beaver College Dept. of Chemistry & Physics Glenside, PA 19038-3295 USA Fax: 215-572-0240

Einar JULruSSON Department of Physics Science Institute Dunhaga5 Reyldavik ICELAND

Frank KRENNRICR Max-Planck-Institute fur Physik Fohringer Ring 6 D 8000 Munchen 40 GERMANY E-mail: 14037::frank -or­Frank@hegral.mppmu.mpg.de

Denis LEAHY Dept. of Physics & Astronomy The University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta TIN IN4 CANADA E-mail: Leahy@IRAS.ucalgary.ca

Jeremy LLOYD-EVANS Department of Physics University of Leeds LS2 9JT Leeds UNITED KINGDOM Fax: 0532 333 846

Rita LOMBARDI Istituto di Astronomia Facolta di Scienze MFN Universita di Roma "La Sapienza" Via G.M. Lancisi 29 00161 Roma, ITALY Fax: 06-4403673

Nathaniel LONGLEY Dept. of Physics & Astronomy Carleton College One North College Street Northfield, MN 55104 USA E-mail: mnhepl::nat -or­nat@mnhepl.hep.umn.edu

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Marvin MARSHAK School of Physics and Astronomy University of Minnesota 116 Church Street SE Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA E-mail: mnhepl::marshak -or­marshak@mnhepl.hep.umn.edu -or­mlm@anlhep.bitnet

Giulio MlGNOLA INFN Sezione di Torino Via P. Giuria 1 10125 Torino, ITALY E-mail: mignola@torino.infn.it. bitnet

Richard MILLER Dept. of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, LA 70803-4001 USA E-mail: 7894::Miller -or­miller@phepds.dnet.nasa.gov

Ken'ichi NOMOTO Department of Astronomy University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku 113 Tokyo, JAPAN E-mail: nomoto@apsunl.astron.s. u-tokyo.ac.jp -or- 41963:: nomoto

Melnnet OZEL Space Science Department Marmarer Res. Center of Tubitak 41470 Gebze-Kocaeli TURKEY Fax: 199-12309

Jose Ramon PELAEZ Departamento de Fisica Teorica I Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas Universidad Complutense 28040 Madrid SPAIN E-mail: JpelaZ@emducmll.bitnet

Christoph PFEIFER Department of Physics Universitat Siegen Fachbereich 7 Adolf-Reichwein-Strasse 5900 Siegen, GERMANY E-mail: Dsiva::Hesse

MartinPOHL Max-Planck -Institut fur Radioastronomie Auf Dem Hugel 69 5300 Bonn 1 GERMANY E-mail: P578pom@Mpirbu.mpg.de

Raymond PROTHEROE Dept. of Physics and Math Physics The University of Adelaide GPO Box 498, 5001 Adelaide, AUSTRAUA E-mail: RProther@physics.adelaide. edu.au

Francois QUEINNEC CEN/Saclay DAPNIA/SPP, Bat. 141 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex FRANCE E-mail: Queinec@frsac53.bitnet -or- Dphvx2::Queinec

SisirROY Indian Statistical Institute 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road Calcutta 700 035 INDIA E-mail: Sisir@lsical.ernet.nest.in

Jalal SAMlMl Department of Physics Sharif University of Teheran P.O. Box 11365-9161 11365 Teheran IRAN Fax: 98-21-401-2983

Harald SCHIELER Institut fur Kernphysik der Universitaet Karlsruhe Kernforschungszentrum Postfach 3640 W -7500 Karlsruhe 1 GERMANY E-mail: schielet@ikl.kfk.dbp.de

Eun-SukSEO Institute for Physical Sciences and Technology University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742-2431 USA E-mail: ES83@umail.UMD.EDU

Maurice SHAPIRO 205 Yoakum Pkwy. #1514 Alexandria, VA 22304 USA

YakovSHNIR Academy of Sciences of Belarus Laboratory of Theoretical Physics F. Skaryna Avenue 70 Minsk 220602 Republic of Belarus E-mail: kilin@adonis.ias.msk.su

Rein SILBERBERG Code 4154 Naval Research Laboratory Washington, DC 20375 USA E-mail: crs1::tsao

Malabika SINHA Indian Statistical Institute 203 Barrackpore Trunk Road Calcutta 700035 INDIA E-mail: Sisit@Isical.ernet.nest.in

Raghunathan SRIVATSAN HECRGroup Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Homi Bhabha Marg, Colaba Bombay 400 005 INDIA E-mail: Srivat@tifrvax.bitnet

Todor STANEV Bartol Research Institute University of Delaware Newark, DE 19716-4793 USA E-mail: Bartol::Udbri::Stanev -or­Stanev@Bartol.Bartol.del.edu

Christopher STARR Code 4153 GRO Science Support Center Naval Research Laboratory 4555 Overlook Ave. SW Washington, DC 20375 USA E-mail: Start@Grossc.gsfc.nasa.gov -or- 11335::Starr

Bertram STll..LER 1870 Wyoming Ave., NW Washington, DC 20009 USA

Alexei STRUMINSKY Lebedev Physical Institute Leninsky Prospect 53 Moskow, RUSSIA E-mail: Stozhkov@ScLfian.msk.su

Anthony SZABO Dept. Physics & Math. Physics University of Adelaide GPO Box 498 5001 Adlaide AUS1RALIA E-mail: Aszabo@physics.adelaide. edu.au

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Yasuo TANAKA Institute of Space and Astronautical Science 3-1-1 Y oshinodaz 229 Sagamihara JAPAN

Klaus THIELHEIM Institute fur Reine und Angewandte Kemphysik Universitat Kiel Otto Hahn Platz 1 D-23oo Kiel 1 GERMANY

Eric TORBET Enrico Fenni Institute/LASR University of Chicago 933 East 56th Street Chicago, IL 60637 USA E-mail: Torbet@Odysseus.uchicago.edu

Bulent UY ANIKER Department of Physics Middle East Technical University 06531 Ankara TURKEY Fax: 4-223-6945

Mayank VARIA Cosmic Ray/Space Physics Tata Institute of Fundamental Research 400005 Bombay INDIA E-mail: Vahia@Tifrvax.bitnet

JohnWEFEl.. Dept. of Physics & Astronomy Louisiana State University 202 Nicholson Hall Baton Rouge, LA 70803-4001 USA E-mail: 7894::Wefel-or­Wefel@Phepds.dnet.nasa.gov

Lance WILLIAMS Dept. of Planetary Science University of Arizona Tuscon, AZ 85721 USA E-mail: Lance@Hindmost. LPL.Arizona.edu

Arnold WOLFENDALE Department of Physics Durham University South Road DHI 3LE Durham UNITED KINGDOM

AylinYAR Physics Department Middle East Technical University 06531 Ankara TURKEY E-mail: AI0380@Tnnatua.bitnet

RanZAMIR Physics Department Ben-Gurion University Beer-Sheva 84105 ISRAEL E-mail: Ran@Bguvms.il.bitnet

SUBJECT INDEX

Abundances cosmic ray, 23,35,51,95,125,126 cosmic ray source, 2,4,23 early universe, 129,131,132,134,137

Acceleration, 1,23,28,29,54,61,69,109 black holes, 44,50,53,60 continuous, 8,17,18,20,21,30 Coulomb losses, 17,19 Fermi processes, 19,21,43 magnetohydrodynamic, 38,59 reacceleration, 1,5,7,9,10,11,12,17,

18,19,20,21,29,30 rigidity effects, 4,30 shock waves, 1,4,7,8,19,24,28,43,

47,48,49,61,120 supernova remnants, 7,24,28,30,43

Accretion, 43,44,47,48,49,54,55,57,59, 60,64,68,119,120,121,123

Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN), 32,43,44, 47,48,49,50,53,54,60,62,64,69, 88,108

BL Lac, 53,61,63,108 jets, 43,64 neutrino emission, 67 relativistic flows, 44 x-ray luminosity, 43,44,47,48,49,64,

68 (see also acceleration)

AE Aquarii, 108 Age of the Universe, 49,131,132,135,

136,137,139 Air shower arrays, 36 Air showers, extensive (EAS), 23,24,

25,26,27,28,31,35,39,40,50,95 96,98,101,106,108,125,126

Alfven radius, 120,121 waves, 19

Anisotropy, 8,14,95 Ankle in spectrum, 23,31 Anthropic principle, 141

159

Atmospheric cherenkov, 95,98 technique, 96,97 imaging, 98

Baryons, 131,132 Big Bang, 129,130,131,142,134,135,

136,137,139,140,142,144 Beta decay, 111,112 Binary systems, 54,55,57,59,106,107,

119,120,123 (see also Acceleration)

Black holes, 43,53,54,55,61,62,64,67, 68,82

Blackbody radiation, 44,46,130,131, 140,147

Bremsstrahlung, 70,116

Chemical selection (see First ionization potential)

COBE, 145,147,149,150,151 Composition of cosmic rays

arriving, 1,2,24,25,28,32,35 source, 2,3,23 (see also Abundances)

Compton Observatory (see Gamma Ray Observatory)

Confinement of cosmic rays, COS-B mission, 39,70,76,88,105 Cosmic rays,

anisotropy, 8,14,35,95,109 arrival directions, 35,38 distribution in galaxy, energy spectrum, 23,24,25,29,35,49,

69,95,126 extragalactic, 25,32,33,35,41,43,48,

50,86 galactic plane enhancement, 35,36 gradients, 36 halo, 17,20 leakage, 1,8 lifetime, 1 models, 1,30,35 origin, 35,36,65,95,109 point sources of, 38,48,49,50,95,109

Cosmic strings, 41,142 Cosmology, 33,86,111,117,129,136,

137,142,143,145 Cosmological constant, 129,134,140,

142,143 Crab nebula, 59,60,73,95,104,105,

108,109

160

Crab pulsar, 38,39,78,79,104 CRN experiment, 25,26 Cross sections, 10,102

calculations and cosmic-ray propagation, 6

fragmentation, 6,27 inelastic, 27 photoproduction,45,46 semiempirical, 2 spallation, 1,2,10

Cyclotron absorption, 120,121 Cygnus X-I, 62,85

gamma rays, 82 x-rays, 82

Cygnus X-3, 104,105,106,108,109

Dark matter (see Exotic matter)

Deceleration parameter, 140 Depth of shower maximum, 31 Distributed acceleration

(see Acceleration) DUMAND, 53,54,65,66

Electrons and positrons, 17,45,57,58, 96,113,147

Electromagnetic showers, 96 Energy spectra

(see Cosmic Rays) Escape length

(see Cosmic Rays, leakage) Exotic (dark) matter, 131,133,134,144 Extensive air showers (BAS)

(see Air Showers)

Fermi acceleration (see Acceleration)

FIGARO, 79 First ionization potential (FIP), 3 Flare stars, 1,5,105

(see also Stellar, Solar) Flatness problem, 140,144 Fluctuations in CMB, 147,148,149,

150,151 Fly's Eye, 25,31,33,108 Fragmentation, 6,28

(see also Cross Sections) Free-free emission, 150,151

Galactic center, 5,37,54,62,68,77,84,85,89 dust, 147,151 dynamics, 1 globular cluster age, 134 halo, 17,86 magnetic field, 35,37,95,147 plane/disk, 35,70,84 radiochronological age, 134,135 rotation curves, 140 spiral arm, 36,37,89 wind, 109

Galaxies, 41 Gamma-ray astronomy, 53,95,96

PeV energies, 95,103,109, techniques, 96,102,114 TeV energies, 95,109 ultra high energy (UHE), 101,103,108 very high energy (VHE), 100,104

Gamma-ray bursts, 85,87,108 Gamma-ray emission, 39,41,42,54,57,

80,106 accretion, 59 diffuse, 111,116 galaxies, 86

Gamma-ray lines, 74 from 26 AI, 77 from e+,e-, 83,85

Gamma-ray sources, 104,106,107,108, 117 (see also individual sources)

Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO), 53,56, 70,78,88,90,111,114

BATSE,71,72,73,74,79,85 COMP'IEL,71,72,74,76,77,88,89,

111,112,114,117 EGRET, 63,71,72,75,76,79,81,88,89 OSSE,71,72,73,74,76,77,78,79,80,

81,82,83,84,85 Gemioga,79,81 Ginga satellite, 68,123 GRANAT, 85,89 Gravitational

bending of light, 121 collapse, 54

GUT, 141,143 GX 301-2,119,120,122 GX339-4,82

HEAD-I (A), 70,71 HEAO-3 (C), 25,26,70,71,77,79,83 Her X-I, 104,106,107,109,119,120,

121,122,123 Homestake, 10 1 Horizon problem, 137,139,140,144 Hubble constant, 130,135 Hubble time, 131,135,136,137,140

1MB detector, 54,56,113,114 Inflation, 129,131,135,136,137,139,

140,141,142,143,144,145,146 Injection of particles, 3 Interstellar medium (ISM), 1,136 Inverse compton process, 53,58,63,70,

75,82,116,122 Ionization potential

(see First ionization potential) lRAS satellite, 149

JACEE, 24,25,26,27

Kaluza-Klein models, 142 Kamiokande detector, 54,56,113 Knee in spectrum, 23,24,27,28,30,49,

50,125 (see also Energy Spectra)

Large Magellanic Cloud, 54,56,76,134 Leakage

(see Cosmic Rays) Leaky-box model, 25 LMCX-3,77

M33, 17,18,19,20,21 MACRO, 51 Microwave background, 32,130,137,

140,145,147,149 MKN 421, 104,108 Monopole, 141,144 Muons, 28,66,101,102,106,108,109,

125,126 (see also Air Showers)

Neutrino astronomy, 53,65,70 Neutrinos, 43,53,57,59,96,113,131,

133 from pions, 60 from SN 1987A, 113 luminosity, 68

massive, 111,112,116 production, 54,55,69 sources, 67

Neutrino oscillations, 53,54,112 Neutron stars, 53,54,55,56,57,67,68,

69,82,85,113,119,120,121 NGC 1068,61 NGC 4151,61 NGC4631,17,18,21 Novae, 72,74,129 Nuclear interactions, 3

(see also Cross Sections) Nuclei, cosmic-ray

(see Abundances) Nucleon decay, 125 Nucleosynthesis, 1,53,54,55,70,130,133

CNO cycle, 55 early universe, 129,132,134,137,141,

144 explosive, 55,56,76 neutron capture, 129,132,134

Olbers paradox, 139 Old stars, 129 OSO-3,54

Pair production, 45,46,57 Particle physics, 112,117,125,145 Photon-photon interactions, 58,61,122 Pi-zero decay, 70,95 Planck time, 141 Positronium, 84 Positrons

(see Electrons) Propagation of cosmic rays, 1,5,8,9,17,

19,20,21,23,29 Proton-photon interactions, 43,45,61,67 PROTON satellite, 26 Pulsar, 38,55,57,59,60,67,68,69,78,79,

80,107,119,142 magnetic field, 38 period, 107,120 x-ray, 120

Quantum fluctuations, 144 Quark-gluon plasma, 130,132 Quasars, 44,53,54

blazer, 61,63 3C273,61,68,88,89 3C279,61,63,68,88,89

161

162

Radio-galaxies, 61,68 Radiative decay of neutrinos, 111,112,

113,116,117 Radioactive chronometers, 135,136 Red shift, 108,129,135,136,140 Roche lobe, 119,120,122

SAS-2,70,76,116 Scalar field, 143,144,145 Secondary-to-primary ratios, 23,24 Seyfert galaxies, 53,61,68 SIGMA, 85,89,90 SMM satellite, 76,114,116 Solar

corona, 3 flares, 53,70,72,73,74,76 gamma rays, 53 neutrinos, 53,54,111 photosphere/chromosphere, 3

Soudan, 125 Source composition

(see Abundances) Spallation

(see Fragmentation) Spectra

(see Energy spectra) Steady state, 129,137 Stellar

astrosphere, 4 evolution, 55 wind, 122

Stochastic processes (see Acceleration)

Sub-dwarf stars, 120 Superbubbles, 29 Superclusters, 140 Supergiant stars, 120,122 Supernovae, 1,3,24,43,53,54,55,60,

72,74,96,104,111 core collapse, 57 envelope/ejecta, 56 neutrinos, 113 nucleosynthesis,129,132 Type I, 55,56 Type IT, 55,56,76,112,113,116

Supernova remnants, 1,3,28,29,55,57, 59,76,78

expansion, 28 old, 14 young, 7,60,67,68

Supernova 1987A, 54,96,111,113,114 gamma rays, 76,77,112 neutrino burst, 54,56

Synchrotron radiation, 17,18,95,147, 148,149,150

Thermal plasma, 17

4U0115-63,104,107,108 Utah-Micbigan-Chicago,101 Uniqueness problem, 141 Universe

cmvature, 130,134,139,142 expansion, 130,135,136,137,139,

140,142 homogeneity, 130,133,134,135 mass, 112,136,137,144 observable, 140,143,144

Vacuum matter, 129 Vela pulsar, 78,79,80,81 Vela X-I, 104,107

Whipple Observatory, 39,99,104, 106,107,108

White dwarf, 55,108 Wolf-Rayet stars, 1,4,5

WC,3,5 WN,5

X-ray emission, 120 binary systems, 82,106,107 pulsars, 119,123 reprocessing, 122,123

X -ray sources (see individual sources)

AUTHOR INDEX

Aarts, H. J. M., 91,93 Abbott, L. F., 146 Acharya, B. S., 110 Agrinier, B., 79,90 Ahlen, S., 51 Ahrens, L. A, 117 Akerlof, C., 105, 109, 110 Albrecht, A, 110, 144, 146 Alexeenko, V. V., 39,42,110 Allison, W. W. M., 125, 126 Alner, G. J., 125 Althouse, W. E., 89, 90 Ambats, I., 125 Anders, E., 5, 15 Arcoragi, J. P., 15 Arnould, M., 15 Arzoumanian, Z., 94 Asakimori, K., 25, 26, 27, 33 Austin, R. W., 91 Axford, W. I., 8,14,24,29,30,33,

43,51 Ayres, D. S., 125

Bahcall, J., 117 Baity, W. A, 93 Balka, L., 125 Ballet, J., 94 Banday, A J., 147,150,151 Barnes, C., 133 Barr, G. D., 125 Barrett, L., 125 Barwick, S., 43,51 Beck, R, 19,22 Beckman, J. E., 151 Begelman, M. C., 51 Bell A R, 24, 33 Benjamin, D., 125 Bennett, C. L., 151 Bennett, K., 90,91,93 Berezinsky, V. S., 24,33,60,68,

69,90

163

Berry Jr., F. A, 91 Bertsch, D. L., 79,81,90,91,92,

94 Bethe, H. A, 117 Bhat, P. N., 85,90 Bhattacharjee, P., 41,42 Biermann, P. L., 15, 29, 32, 34, 43,

51,68,90 Bignami, G. F., 88, 90 Binns, W. R., 8, 14 Bionta, R M., 54, 56, 90, 117 Blandford, R. D., 7,14,23,24,33 Blandford, R. 0., 60, 90 Bloemen, H., 91,93 Bludman, S. A, 116, 118 Bondi, H., 137 Bonnet-Bidaud, J. M., 110 Border, P., 125 Boynton, P., 123 Brainerd, J., 121, 123 Brazier, K. T. S., 90, 94 Brock, M. N., 90,91,93 Brooks, C. B., 125 Brown, R L., 60 Buccheri, R, 90 Buczilowski, U. R, 19,22 Bulanov, S. V., 33 Burrows, A, 118 Burton, J. W., 139 Busetta, M., 93 Byrnak, B., 15

Cameron, A. G. W., 5 Cameron, R A, 90,91,92,93,94 Caraveo, P. A, 90 Casse, M., 3, 14, 15 Cassiday, G. L., 24,31,33, 110 Castagnoli, C., 90 Celotti, A, 93 Cesarsky, C. J., 3,7,14,24,28,34 Chadwick, P. M., 110 Chardin, G., 110 Cheng, A, 59,91 Chi, X., 35,36,37,38,39,40,41,

42 Chupp, E. L., 93, 118 Churazov, E., 94 Clayton, D. D., 76,91,92 Clear, J., 91 Cleveland, B. T., 91

164

Cline, T. L., 91 Cobbs, J. H., 125 Cockerill, D. J. A, 125 Collin-Souffrin, S., 64,91 Collins, P., 141, 145 Collmar, W., 91,93 Connors, A, 91,93 Cook, W. R., 85,90,91 Coover, K., 125 Courant, H., 125 Cowsik, R, 7,14 Crosa, L., 123 Crusius, A, 20, 22 Cummings, A C., 90

D'Amico, N., 94 Dahanayake, C., 42 Dahlin, B., 125 Danilova, T. V., 24, 33 DasGupta, U., 125,126 Davies, R. D., 148, 151 Davis, R., 54, 90 Dawson, J. W., 125 Day, c., 123 de Boer, H., 91,93 de Loore, C., 15 de Vries, C., 92, 93 Dekhanov, I., 94 Demuth, D., 125 den Herder, J. W., 91,93 Dermer, C. D., 91, 121, 123 Diehl, R., 91,93 Dingus, B. L., 110 Dogiel, V. A, 33 Doom, c., 15 Drury, L. 0 C., 28, 33 Dugan, M. J., 117 Dunphy, P. P., 93 Dyer, C. S., 92

Eames, P. J. V., 110 Edwards, V. W., 125 Eichler, D., 5, 14, 15,23, 33, 68, 91 Ellison, D. C., 23,33,43,44,51,

68,92 Engelmann, J. J., 2,6, 8, 10, 12, 14,

25,26,33 Ewen, B., 125 Evans, J. c., 91

Fabian, A C., 60,91, 122, 123 Favale, A. C., 92 Fenyves, E. J., 95,109 Ferrando, P., 6, 8, 14, 15 Fichtel, C. E., 28, 33, 63, 70, 90,

91,92,94, 118 Fields, T. H., 125, 126 Fierro, J. M., 94 Finger, M. H., 90,91 Fishman, G. J., 72,85,86,90,91,

93 Fomin, Yu A, 110 Forrest, D. J., 93 Fowler, W. A, 129,135,131 Freudenreich, H. T., 28,33 Fryxell, B., 120, 123

Gaisser, T. K., 31,32,33,44,51 Galeotti, P., 90 Garcia-Garcia, c., 125 Garcia-Munoz, M., 2,6,8, 15 Garrard, T. L., 14 Gaisser, T. K., 110 Genzel, H., 45,51 George, I., 122, 123 Gerbier, G., 110 Ghisellini, G., 93 Ghosh, P., 120, 123 Giler, M., 7, 15 Giles, R H., 125 Gilfanov, M., 94 Gillanders, G. H., 110 Giller, M., 147,7, 15, 151 Ginzburg, V. L., 5, 15,24,33,57,

91 Gold, T., 137 Goodman, M. C., 125 Goret, P., 3, 14 Grabelsky, D. A., 82,90,91,92,

93,94 Gray, R, 125 Greiner, D. E., 6,8,16 Grenier, I. A, 81,91 Grebenev, S., 94 Grevesse, N., 5, 15 Griessen, K., 126 Grigorov, N. L., 24,26,33 Grove, J. E., 90,91,92,93,94 Gruber, D. E., 93 Grunsfeld, J. M., 15,91

Gunn, J. E., 59,91 Gupta, M., 8, 10, 15 Guth, A. H., 129, 130, 136, 137,

142, 143, 146, Gutierrez de La Cruz, C. M., 151 Guzik, T. G., 15

Hancock, S., 151 Harding, A. K., 110 Harmon, B. A., 91 Harnden, F. R., 92 Hartman, R C., 61,63,88,89,90,

91,92,94 Havnes,O., 3, 15 Haymes, R C., 83, 92 Heindl, W. A., 91 Heinrich, W., 15 Henderson, A. P., 18,22 Heppelman, S., 125 Hermsen, W., 88, 89,90,91,93 Herrstrom, N. Y., 15 Hill, N., 125 Hime, A., 117 Hirata, K., 54, 56, 92, 117 Hofstadter, R., 92 Hoftiezer, J. H., 125 Holt, S., 120, 124 Horack, J. M., 91,93 Howarth, N., 22 Hoyle, F., 131,137 Hubble, E., 135 Hughes, E. B., 92 Hughlock, B. W., 92 Hummel, E., 22 Hunter, S. D., 90,91,92,94

Ip, W. H., 29,30,33,43,51 Israel, F. P., 17,18,20,22 Israel, M. H., 14

Jacobson, A. S., 92,93 Jankowski, D. J., 125 Jelly, N. A., 117 Jensen, C. M., 92, 93 Johns, K., 125 Johnson, S., 94 Johnson, W. N., 74,83,90,91,92,

93,94,117 Jokipii, J. R, 110 Jones, F. C., 23, 33

Jones, M. D., 14 Joss, P., 51, 120, 123 Joyce, T., 125 Juliusson, E., 14 Jung, G. V., 90,91,92,93,94

Kafatos, M., 61,92 Kafka, T., 125 Kamionkowki, M. P., 14 Kanbach, G., 76,90,91,94 Kaspi, V. M., 94 Kavanagh, R., 133 Kawai, N., 124

165

Kazanas, D., 43,44,51,68,92,93 Kazlauskas, A., 134 Kielczewska, D., 118 Kinzer, R. L., 88,90,91,92,93,94 Kish, J. c., 15, 16 Klarmann, J., 14 Klebesadel, R W., 85,92 Kniffen, D. A., 90,91,92,94 Koch, H. W., 51 Koch-Miramond, L., 14 Kochocki, J. A., 125 Kolb, E., 117 Kouveliotou, C., 91,93 Krimsky, G. F., 24, 33 Kroeger, R. A., 90,91,92,93,94 Krombel, K. E., 8, 15 Kuiper, L., 91,93 Kurfess, J. D., 70,72,76,77,78,

90,91,92,93,94 Kuznetsov, A., 94 Kwok, P. W., 90,91

L'Heureux, J., 15 Lagage, P.O., 24, 28, 34 Lal, N., 15 Lamb, F., 120, 123, 124 Lang, M. J., 110 Laor, A., 122, 124 Lasenby, A. W., 151 Laurent, P. L., 94 Lawrence, M. A., 110 Leahy, D. A., 119, 121, 122, 123,

124 Leer, E., 24, 33 Leising, M. D., 76,77,91,92,93,

94 Leiter, D., 61,92

166

Lerche, I., 17,22 Lesch, H., 22 Lestrade, J. P., 91 Letaw, J. R, 1,5,8,15 Leventhal, M., 83, 92 Lichti, G. G., 91,93 Lightman, A, 122, 124 Lin, Y. C., 90,91,92,94 Linde, A D., 130, 144, 146 Ling, J. C., 92, 93 Lingenfelter, R. E., 92 Linsley, J., 28,33 Litchfield, P. J., 125 Lloyd-Evans, J., 110 Lockwood, J. A, 91,93 Longley, N. P., 125 Lopez, F. V., 125 Lovelace, R. V. E., 61,92 Lowe, M., 125 Lund, N., 14, 15 Lyne, A G., 94

Macomb, D. J., 110 MacCallum, C. J., 92 Macri, J., 91,93 Mahoney, M. J., 17,18,22 Mahoney, W. A, 71, 77, 79, 83, 92,

93 Maisack, M., 90,92 Makashima, K., 118, 124 Makino, F., 63, 92, 123, 124 Makishima, K., 82, 92 Malaney, R A, 131, 132 Manchester, R. N., 58, 93, 94 Mandrou, P., 85, 89, 93, 94 Mann, W. A, 125 Maraschi, L., 63, 93 Marscher, A P., 60,93 Marshak, M. L., 125 Martin, A, 141, 145 Masse, P., 14 Mathis, K. D., 15 Matsuoka, M., 124 Matteson, J. L., 71,91,93 Mattox, J. R, 90,91,92,94 Matz, S. M., 56, 76, 91, 93, 94 Maximon, L. C., 46, 51 May, E. N., 125 Mayer-Hasselwander, H. A., 90,

91,92,94

Mazenko, G. F., 146 McConnell, M. L., 89,91,93 McDonald, F. B., 15 McMaster, L., 125 Meegan, C. A, 86,87,90,91,93 Meisl, C., 136 Meszaros, P., 120, 121, 123, 124 Meyer, J. P., 3,4, 15 Meyer, P., 15 Mezger, P. G., 18,22 Michelson, P. F., 90,91,94 Middleditch, J., 122, 124 Mihara, T., 121, 124 Milburn, R., 125 Miller, R S., 111 Miller, W., 125 Moffeit, K. C., 45,51 Monohar, A V., 117 Montigny, C. Von, 90,92 Morfill, G. E., 110 Morisawa, K., 49,50,51,68,93 Morris, D., 91,93 Motz, J. W., 45,51 Much, R, 93 Muller, D., 8, 15 Murphy, R J., 93 Mushotsky, R F., 93

Nagano, M., 24, 34 Nagase, F., 120, 124 Nagel, W., 120, 124 Napier, A, 125 Natalucce, L., 94 Nel, H. I., 91,94 Nelson, A, 117 Nelson, J., 122, 124 Nice,D., 94 Niel, M., 94 Nolan, P. L., 90,91,92,94 Northcliffe, L. C., 4, 15

O'Flaherty, K., 110 Olbers, H., 139 Olive, K. A, 145 Oliver, W. P., 125 Olson, H. A, 51 Olson, R A, 92 Ong, R A., 109 Osborne, D. L., 15 Ostricker, J. P., 7,14,24,33,59,91

Owens, A., 93

Paciesas, W. S., 90,91,93 Pagel, B., 134 Palmer, D. M., 91 Parkes, G., 124 Parnell, T. A., 91 Paul,1., 94 Pavlinsky, M., 94 Pearce, G. F., 125 Pendleton, G. N., 91,93 Pepys, S., 138 Perkins, D. H., 125 Peters, B., 14, 15 Peterson, E. A., 125 Peterson, L. E., 93 Petrou N., 14 Pfeil, W., 51 Pi, S.Y., 146 Pinkau, K., 90,91,92,94 Pohl, M., 17, 18, 19,22 Prantzos, N., 4, 5, 15 Prilutsky, O. F., 60,68,90 Price, L. E., 125 Prince, T. A., 90,91,93 Pringle, J., 120, 124 Protheroe, R J., 43,29,34,44,45,

49,51,68,69,93,94,110 Ptuskin, V. S., 7, 15,33 Punch, M., 110 Purcell, W. R, 83, 84, 85, 90, 91,

92,93,94

Rachen, J., 32,34,43,51 Ramana-Murthy, P. V., 58,93,118 Rao, M. V. S., 108, 110 Rappaport, S., 120, 123 Rasmussen, I. L., 14, 15 Rebolo, R, 148, 151 Rees, M. J., 60, 90 Regage, J. R., 91 Reigler, G. R., 83, 93 Reppin, C., 93, 118 Riffert, H., 121, 124 Roback, D., 125 Roques, J. P., 94 Rosen, D. B., 125 Rotenberg, M., 15 Rothermel, H., 90,91,92,94 Rothschild, R E., 88, 93

Rudak, B., 51 Ruddick, K., 125, 126 Ruderman, M., 59,91 Ryan, J. M., 74,91,93

Sacco, G. B., 90 Saitta, B., 125 Salotti, L., 94 Samorski, M., 110 Scarsi, L., 90 Schaefer, B. E., 91 Schilling, R. F., 4, 15 Schindler, S. M., 90,91 Schlereth, J. L., 125 Schlickeiser, R., 17, 19,20,22 Schmid, D., 125 Schneid, E., 90,91,92,94 Schneps,J., 125 Schonfelder, V., 91 Schrier, D. A., 15, 16 Schubert, S., 125 Shapiro, M. M., 53,3, 15,34,43,

51,60,68,69,93,94 Shapiro, S., 124 Share, G.H., 93 Shield, P. D., 125 Shupe, M., 125 Sievers, A., 22 Sikora, M., 43,51 Silberberg, R., 1,53, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8,

15,29,34,43,51,59,60,62, 68,69,93,94

Simon, M., 7, 15 Simpson, G. A., 91,93, 118 Simpson, J. A., 2,6,8, 15 Simpson, J. J., 117 Skadron, G., 24, 33 Smoot, G. F., 149, 150, 151 Sommer, M., 90,91,92, 94 Soutoul, A., 14, 15 Squires, E., 141, 145 Sreekantan, B. V., 108, 110 Sreekumar, P., 90,91,94 Stacy, J. G., 93 Stamm, W., 110

167

Stanev, T., 23,49,50,51,68,69,94 Stang, C. J., 92 Starr, C. H., 53,90,91 Stecker, F. W., 43,51,59,61,68,

69,94

168

Steinhardt, P. J., 146 Steinle, R., 92, 93 Stevens, I., 122, 124 Stone, E. C., 14,90,91 Storey, S. D., 91 Strickman, M. S., 79,80,81,90,

91,92,93,94 Strittmatter, P. A., 43,51,68,90 Strong, A. W., 92, 93 Strong, I. B., 92 Sturner, S., 121, 123 Sundaralingam, M., 125 Sunyaev, R. A., 82, 85, 94 Sur, B., 117 Sutherland, P., 59,91 Svoboda, R. C., 111 Swanenburg, B. N., 90,92,93 Swank, J., 120, 124 Swordy, S. P., 8, 15,25,26, 34 Syrovatskii, S.I., 5, 15,24,33,57,

91 Szabelska, B., 15, 151 Szabelski, J., 42, 151 Szabo, A. P., 43,34,45,49,51,68,

69,94

Taam, R., 120, 123 Takahara, F., 68, 93 Tapphorn, R. M., 92 Taylor, B. G., 93 Taylor, J. R., 58,93,94 Teegarden, B. J., 91 Tennant, A., 123 Teshima, M., 110 Teukolsky, S., 124 The, L. S., 91,92 Thiemann, R., 22, Thompson, D. J., 79,80,90,91,92,

94,118 Thomson, A., 125 Thron, J. L., 125, 126 Titarchuk, L. G., 82,94 Tsao, C. H., 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 15, 34 Tumer, O. T., 110 Tupper, L. M., 125 Turner, M., 117 Twain, M., 136

Ulmer, M. P., 78, 79, 90, 91, 92, 93,94

Unruh, W. G., 146

Vacanti, G., 105, 110 Vahia, M. N., 42 van Dijk, R., 91 Varendorff, M., 93 Vestrand, W. T., 93, 118 Yolk, R. J., 28,29, 34 von Montigny, C., 91,94

Waddington, C. J., 14 Wadowczyk, J., 35 Wagoner, R. V., 131 Wald, R. M., 146 Walker, A. R., 92 Wandel, A., 8,9,14,15,44,51 Watson, A. A., 109 Watson, R., 148, 149, 151 Wdowczyk, J., 15,29,34,42 Webber, W. R., 3,6,8, 10, 15, 16,

92,93 Weekes, T. c., 105, 108, 109, 110 Wefel, J. P., 8, 15 Werkema, S., 125 West, N., 125 Westergaard, M. J., 15 Wheaton, W. A., 93 White, N., 120, 124 White, R. S., 59,62,94 White, T., 122, 124 Whitten, E., 129 Wiedenbeck, M. E., 6,8, 15, 16 Willett, J. B., 93 Williams, O. R., 92 Wills, R. D., 90 Wilson, L. A., 134 Wilson, R. B., 79,90,91,93,94 Winget, D. E., 134 Winkler, C., 92, 93 Wise, M. B., 146 Wolfendale, A. W., 35, 147, 15, 29,

34,42,58,93,118,150,151 Woods, C. A., 125

Yahil, A., 44,51 Yamburenko, N., 94

Zank, G. P., 28, 34 Zank, L. A., 28, 34