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8/14/2019 Stemcells Background
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STEM CELLSSTEM CELLS
&&CORD BLOOD BANKCORD BLOOD BANK
STEM CELLSSTEM CELLS
&&CORD BLOOD BANKCORD BLOOD BANK
BY:BY:Aparna YadavAparna Yadav
B.Tech (Biotech 3B.Tech (Biotech 3rdrd year year))
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Description: A colony of embryonic stem cells. 10X. Image in the Public Domain.
Description: (A) Human ESCs; (B) Neurons derived from Human ESCs. Images
courtesy of Nissim Benvenisty.
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The Major Types of Stem Cells
A. Embryonic Stem Cells
They are found in embryos at a very early
stage of development. They have the ability to differentiate into
any of the over two hundred types of cells
that make up the human body.
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B. Adult Stem Cells
– have the ability to differentiate into
varieties of a particular type of cell,
determined by the type of tissue in whichthey are found.
– For example, blood stem cells found in the
bone marrow give rise to RBC, WBC and platelets.
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SOURCES OF STEM CELLS
• Most embryonic stem cells currently used in
research are derived from embryos that
were created in the course of infertilitytreatments by means of in vitro fertilization
(IVF) procedures.
• Most richest source of Hematopoietic stemcell is umbilical cord blood.
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third source of embryonic stem cells, involving the
production of embryos by means of a technique variously known as
somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), research cloning, or therapeutic
cloning.
,
SOURCES OF STEM CELLS
• Other source of embryonic stem cells, involvingthe production of embryos by a techniquevariously known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
• SCNT involves several steps------
1) First, a woman’s egg is obtained and the nucleusis removed, creating an enucleated egg.
2) Then the nucleus of a somatic cell from a nucleardonor—typically, an adult—is removed andinserted into the enucleated egg.
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Advantages and Disadvantages to
Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells.
Embryonic S.C. Adult S.C.“Pluripotent”
(can become any cell)
“Multipotent”
(“can become many butnot any”)
Stable. Can undergo many
cell divisions.
Less Stable. Capacity for
self-renewal is limited.
Easy to obtain but
blastocyst is destroyed.
Difficult to isolate in
adult tissue.
Possibility of rejection?? Host rejection minimized
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• Cord blood, or umbilical cordblood, is blood that remains inthe umbilical cord and placenta atthe time of birth.
• Considered a waste product.• But once scientists discovered it is
a rich source of stem cells, cordblood became a viable substitute
to bone marrow in thousands of successful transplants.
Umbilical cord blood
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Public cord blood bank mission
• To collect, store and supply Cord Blood
units with the highest quality and safety.
• To improve the probability of finding
suitable donors.
• To promote the clinical use of Cord Blood.
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Why is Stem Cell Research So Important to All
of Us?
Stem cells allow us to study how organisms grow
and develop over time.
Stem cells can replace diseased or damaged cells
that can not heal or renew themselves.
We can test different substances (drugs and
chemicals) on stem cells.
We can get a better understanding of our “genetic
machinery.”
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What Human Diseases are
Currently Being Treated with
Stem Cells?• Parkinson’s Disease
• Leukemia (Bone Marrow Transplants)
• Spinal cord injuries
• Skin Grafts resulting from severe burns
Stem Cell Therapy has the Potential to:• Regenerate tissues/organs
• Cure diseases like diabetes, multiple sclerosis, etc.