Stephenson - Text of the Jerusalem Creed

8/15/2019 Stephenson - Text of the Jerusalem Creed

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DEUTSCHE AKADEMIE

DER

WISSENSCHAFTEN

ZU

BERLIN

INSTITUT

FUR GRIECHISCH·ROMISCHE

ALTERTUMSKUNDE

KOMMISSION

FU R SPATANTIKE

RELIGIONSGESCHICHTE

TEXTE

UND

UNTERSUCHUNGEN

ZUR

GESCHICHTE

DER

ALTCHRISTLICHEN LITERATUR

BEGRUNDET

VON

O. VON GEBHARDT UND A. VON HARNACK

BAND

K DEMIE ·VERL G

.

ERL IN

1961

STUDIA PATRISTICA

VOL. HI

Papers presented

t o t he

Third

International Conference

on Patristic

Studies

held

at Christ Church Oxford 1959

Part I

Introductio Editiones Critica Philologica

Edited

by

F CROSS

A K A D E M I E - V E R L A G . B E R L I N

1961


2/8

Die Kommission fiir spiitantike Religionsgesehiehte:

Friedrieh Zueker (komm. Yorsitzender), Berthold Altaner, Alexander Biihlig, Gerhard Delling,

Hermann Diirries, Otto EiBfeldt, Walther Eltester Erieh Faseher, Hermann Grapow,

Werner Hartke Johannes Irmseher (Leiter del Arbeiten), Giinther Klatrenbaeh,

Erieh Klostermann Johannes Leipoldt, Kar ~ r a s

Hamld

Riesenfeld,

Wilhelm Sehneemeleher, Willem Cornelis

van

Dnnik


3/8

The Text of the Jerusalem Creed

A. A. STEPHENSON S. J., Oxford

Attempts, admittedly provisional, at a complete

reconstruc

tion of the ancient Creed of Jerusalem have

been

made by a

number of scholars, with Dom A. A.

ToutMe as

usual

blazing

the

trail,1

The

data

used

in

these reconstructions

comprise

1.

verbal

quotations of various

articles

by St . Cyril of Jerusalem in the

text of his first series of Catecheses (the Lenten Lectures

on

the

Creed delivered

illumin n os

A. D. ca. 350)

and the titles

prefixed to

the lectures.

A

distinction

is regularly drawn

between

these

two

classes of data, as

it

is recognized that

the

titles are not

necessarily Cyrillic

or contemporary

with

the

Oatecheses

Such

attempts,

however, at a complete

reconstruction

must

make


4/8

1

Examples

of

va1 iae

lectiones:

in Trin ita rian

passages: Cat.

IV

7.16;

XI

4 ; i n t he doxologies: I 6;

II I

1 6; V

13;

VI 36;

VI I

16; XIII

41;

XIV 30.

Most

of

th e titles

(in

th e widest

sense) of

the individual

catecheses

exhibitsome

degree of variation;

theologically

significant

(though no t critically

important)

variants are

found

i n t h e t i tles of XIV, XVI, XVIII .

2 The v.l .

O c ~ t { j as reported

by

Tout tee in some MSS

atXV2

may b e

presumed to

be a

mistake aris ing out of th e copists' familiarity

with C;

in

XIV 24 a ll th e

MSS

give O c ~ u i : i v . Touttee ibid. reports another

v.l., avroii

after

f J a J t A c i a ~ ;

t he M SS i n

question

also have

ofl this

might suggest an

Aramaic or Syriac origin of

J.

may therefore gi ve a cl ea re r picture of

the

real

position

if f irst ,

at

the cost of completeness,

we

reconstruct

the text of

the

Creed of

Jerusalem

(J) solely from

those

passages in

the

Oate-

cheses where St.

Cyril

formally quo tes f rom i t.

Here, however, it

may

be objected that even if we show that

Cyril clearly quotes ten articles, we sti ll cannot claim certainty

for the

text

of

these

ten

articles

since

there

is

no

modern

critical

edition

of the Oatecheses and therefore even the

ten

articles can

be

justly characterized as

an

artificial

construction .

This

ob

jection, however,

would appear

to

be invalid,

for

both

th e

editions

of Touttee (particularly) I1nd of Reischl a nd Rup p (Munich

1848-60)

were carefully

done and

give

fairly extensive

quotations

of manuscript variations.

seems clear from a study of these

editions that

while contamination has occasionally

occurred

in

Trinitarian passages

and

the doxologies, and while the

MS

S ver

sions of the titles prefixed to th e individual catecheses show

more

extensive

variations

l

yet in the passages where

Cyril

formally quotes th e

Creed the variations in the

MSS

are so

slight as to be almost negligible. Themost significant is the omis

sion in some MSS of n viwv i n t he first artic le in Oat

IX

4.

This

omission,

however,

appears

to

be

a s lip, for

1. the

resulting

Greek

is difficult, 2 in t he

same

passage

n e

is omitted by

some

MSS, and

3. the

MSS apparent ly unanimously

supply th e

missing words in VI I 4 where the

same article

is quoted.

2

With

this single improbable

exception it would

appear

that

we

can place

complete

confidence in the

authenticity

of th e te n

articles

formally quoted by St . Cyril. And

the

striking

unanimity

of the

MSS

is

al l

the

more impressivewhen

onereflects

how tempt

ing to a copyist it must have

been to

bring J into line with C

(the

Constantinopolitan

Creed).

is, then,

practically

certain that,

with

the

exception

of the

third and fourth articles (not formally quo ted) -

and

perhaps

1

Cf.

IV 7.9, and

infra.

2

As regards the number of r6v s: in general, at leas t in classical Greek, a

participle

following i ts noun

has th e

article

only

th e participle

identifies th e

noun

or

is attributive;

no t when it

is

predicative or simply makes

a statement

about the noun. r6v, therefore, is naturally found i n t h e third article both

to

introduce th e new, Christological, section andto stress the identity of the man

Jesus

with th e pre-existent

·Word. One

would no t expect to

find

it i n t he

rest

of th e Christological

portion

(articles 4-7) - although its presence would be

less unnatural there

t lan

in linguistically similar constructions, since it

tends

to

associate the event closely withthe

person

- nor does there seem

to be

any

evidence

that

it occurred there in J any more than in C The fact that some of

th e

titles

of Catt.

XIII-XV

have th e article appears t o b e due to a

mistake

arising

from th e fact that

in

the tex t

Cyril uses

it when bidding th e candidates

believe in a particular article in isolation (say, th e Crucifixion or Ascension);

then he naturally uses th e formula, Believe i n H im who was crucified (rose

etc.) .

In

a creed whose third

article contains

(as

J' s may

have done)

who

for

us

men th e repetition of

r6v i n a ny

of th e

articles

4- 7 would be

theologi

callyundesirable, as obscuring the fact

that

these other mysteries also were

fo r

our salvation .

Strictly speaking, the th ird r6v in the second article,

although

apparently

universally

attested, might seem

to

be

grammatically

redundant;

bu t here the phrase is treated as an attr ibute or t i tle, a nd i n a n y case trans

cends

grammatical

usage.

305

The Text of th e

Jerusalem

Creed

also

with

the slight

exception just

mentioned

above

-

c an be

reconstructed

with complete confidence from th e following pas

sages in

which Cyr il formally quo tes var ious art ic les:

VII 4;

IX

4; XI 21;

XIV

24; XV 2; XVII 3; XVIII 22. All these pas

sages, with one exception, are introduced by such

unambiguous

phrases as Next

in

the Creed comes the

phrase , When

we say

that we believe

Because of what comes

next in the

Creed.

The exception, XI 21, concerns the second

article

and reads

simply: Le t us believe, then, in one Lord Jesus Christ,

through

whom

all

things

were made. Since Cyril

sometimes

bids

his

hearers

believe in the

substance

of an article of the Creed

without quoting

it

verbatim \ it is

no t

immediately evident that

he is

here formally quoting

the second

article. Any theoretical

doubt, however, is dispelled by a comparison of

XI

1. 8 (ad fin.).

9

(adinit.).

14

and

20, where all,

except

the

last,

of the

component

phrases

of the

article

are

quoted.

The passages

listed

above,

then, yield

a certain text of all the

articles

of J except the thi rd and

fourth. Only about

navrwv

and

the

exact number of r6v s can there be

any

degree of

doubt.

2

A.

A STEPHENSON

04


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The

Ten

Certctin Articles

oJ

the Jerusalem Creed

I

We

believe

in

one God

th e

Father

almighty

maker

of

Heaven and ear th

of a ll

things

visible

and

invisible

nd in

one Lord Jesus

Christ

the

only begotten

Son of God

begotten

true

God of

the Father

before

al l

ages

through

whom all things were

made

II I

IV

who

rose on

the

third

day

VI and ascended

in to Heaven

and sa t down on the right

of

the Father

VI I and

is

to

come

in glory

to

judge living and

dead

of whose

reign

there

will

be

no

end

VIII nd in

one

Holy

Spirit

the Paraclete

who spoke

i n t he

prophets

IX

and in

one

baptism

of repentance

unto

the remissionof sins

X

and i n

one

holy

Catholic

Church

XI and i n t he resurrection

of

the

flesh

XII and i n

life

everlasting

Cf. Catecheses

VI I

4, IX 4, XI 21, XIV 24, XV 2, XVII 3,

XVIII

22).

306

A. A. STEPHENSON

The Text

of the

Jerusalem

Creed

The

Ten

Certain

Articles of the Jerusalem Creed

IIun:svo{hSJI

sle;

l J a

JSOJl

nadea

naJlrone6:roea

n o t r j r ~ J 1 oveaJlov nat

yfje;

oearow TS naJlrwJI )Wt aoearwJI

nat sle;

iJJIa

nVelOJI l1jaoVJI Xeun:oJl

rOJl

vioJl

rov 1Jsov rOJl

{h0JloysJlfj

rOJl

En

rov nareoe;

YSJlJI rj{}8J1ra

1Jsov

aA rj{}w6v

neo navrwv rwv atwvwJI

n

oJ ra navra

Ey8J1sro

IH

IV

aJluaraJlTa rfj r(]lrn 7{h8eC

VI nat aVsA1J6J1Ta sle; rove; oveaJlO ve;

nat na{}{aaJITa En O s ~ u j J l rov nare6e;

VII nat

EeX6{hSVov

EJI neiJlw Cwvrae; nat J1sueove;

oJ rfje; fJalJ tAstae;

ovn

1 aTat

dAoe;

VIII

nat

de;

8V

flylOV

nvsv{ha

rOJl

naeanA rjrov

r6 AaAfjaaJl EV roie; neoepfJrwe;

IX nat sle;

S J

fJanrllJ {ha {hsTa-J1otae; sle; aepsaw

a{haeTtWJI

X nat de; {htav aytav n a { } o A l n ~ J EnnA rjatuv

XI nat sle;

aaenoe;

aJlaaraaw

XI I

nat sle;

alwJllOJI

30 7


6/8

n

he Thi1 d

and

FOU1 th A1 ticles

Since the fourth article is nowhere

quoted

i n the Oatecheses and

it

is

doubtful whether the

third

article

is

quoted

(in

XII

13:

Y

aaeXl nagaysy6/hsyoy ual Byay{}eWnJjaaYTa ,

reconstructions of

J

generally

make

some use of the t i tles

at this

point, especially

as

a

more

attractive

version

of

th e

third

article

aagxw{)bTa ual

Byay{}eWnJjaaYTa is given

i n t he

title

of

Cat.

XII

than

in XII

13.

The question, therefore, arises: what, i any, reliance

can

be

placed on

the

titles

1

To

this question, which Le

Bachelet charac

terized

as insoluble

dans

l etat

actuel

des

monuments anciens ,

an important

clue is

provided by the fact that

the

title to

Cat.

XIV gives from

the dead

Su ysugWY , while

it

seems clear

from

XIV 24 that J d id not include this phrase. t would appear,

These ten articles

are

complete. The f ir st is

obviously

com

plete. The second is also complete: it is certain that neither the

Nicene consubstantial

o r of t he substance

was in

the

Creed

commented

by St . Cyril

in 350.

At

th e

time of

the

Oatecheses

St .

Cyril,

although

his

doctrine

was

orthodox, objected to

the

Nicene

terminology

as unscriptural

(IV

17; V 12; XI

11. 12. 19) .

Nor

can

C s

other supplementary phrases i n t he second

article

have existed in

J,

since

then these phrases mus t, as in C, have

preceded

the concluding clause,

through whom all things were

made ; bu t

they

do no t appear

in

XI

21

and we

must

suppose

that

Cyril never quotes

the

Creed with gaps, since there is no

clear instance of his doing so.

is clear from XIV 24, where the fifth and sixth articles

are

quoted

consecutively,

that the

fifth

article

is

complete and that

it included neither

YSUeWy nor UaTa

Y e m p 6 ~

although some

reconstructions of J include one

or

other of thesephrases

at

least

as probable.

It is c lear f rom

XV 2,

supported b y X IV 24,

that

the sixth

article is complete. The seventh article appears to be q uot ed

completely i nXV 2, and

by

all analogy must be

presumed to be

complete.

The e ighth art ic le appears

to

be quo ted

complete

l y i n XVII 3, and from the analogy of C, whose developed

eighth

article ends with

the

same

clause

( who spoke through the pro

phets ),

may be p re sumed to

be complete. Tha t t he last

four

a r ~ i c l e s a re complet e i s clear from XVII 22, where the four

articles are quoted consecutively.

309

he Text

of the Jerusalem Creed

therefore,

that

no reliance

can be placed

on th e

t i t les when they

are

no t borne ou t

by the t ex t

ofthe Oatecheses.

1

A

sharp

distinction, therefore, should be drawn

between

the

third and fourth articles and the res t

of

J.

While th e text

of

the

other

ten articles

is solidly attested by

the

Catecheses,

in

recon

structing th e th ird and fourth articles we are largely in the realm

of speculation.

The ti tle

of

Cat. XIII

gives (who) was crucified

and

buried .

Most

or

all reconstructions of J give crucified as

certain,

and

many give a nd buried either as certainor

probable.

Crucified

is

very probably right,

for most

(though

no t all)

early

creeds had

it, and the presumption

in

it s

favour

is

strongly

supportedby asen

tence

in XIII 38 : Take thereforefirst, as an indestructible founda

tion, the

Cross, and

build upon it the

other

articles

of

the Creed.

This

is sufficient to justify the assumption

that

wa s crucified

(andnot,

for instance, suffered ) appearedin the fourth article.

Although

Cyril

mentions Pontius Pilate in XIII 14-16 and

his

testimony to

our

Lord s innocence

in

XIII 3

and

38,

there

is no

particular reason to think that under Pontius Pi la te formed

part

of

the fourth article.

There

is a

fairly strong,

but b y

no

means

cogen t, case for in

cluding the Burial. t is taught briefly in IV 11 and XIII

39,

and

is mentioned

in

XIV 3.

11. 17 and 18. The

most

emphatic

teaching

on the

Burialis found i n the

(possibly

later)

Mystagogi

cal Catecheses in connection with the Christian s being buried

together or

planted

together with

Christ

at

Baptism. t

is

clear

that

after the discovery of t he Holy Places a special devo

t io n t o t he Bur ia l grew up in Jerusalem in

the

fourth century

(the Anastasis

was built over

th e

Holy Sepulchre); bu t while

t hi s may l at er h av e led t o t he inclusion of the

Burial

in J, the

Creed

expounded

by Cyril

presumably antedated the

finding of

the Holy Places and

Cyril s

emphasis

(V

12)

on

th e

immuta

bility of the Creed strongly suggests that it had

no t

been changed

during

his lifetime.

t

is

unlikely

that

the

Descent

into

Hell

formed part of

J, although

it is

taught

in IV

11 and

XIV

19-20.

1

In

XIV 24 th e fifth and

sixth

articles are quoted consecutively without

f r om the dead .

Since,

apart from

this single

discrepancy, the t i tles

agree

exactlywith

th e

text of th e Catecheses

in

all articles clearly quoted in

the

text,

it would appear

that

th e titles in general

arise,

no t from th e creed

(presum

ably C familiar to th e early scribes, bu t from a study of th e text of the Cat. by

some scribe

or

scribes -

who

madethis

one

slip.

21 Studia Patristica IH

A.

A.

STEPHENSON

08


7/8

1

I h op e

to

develop

this

view elsewhere.

The

crux is

t he third

article, and

the question

is of

great

im

portance in

determining

th e relation of J to O

In

all

reconstruc

tions t he third article

is given,

with slight variations,

in a n ab

breviated form, andpar t at

least

is

given as

certain.

Such recon

structions

appear

to spring from either of two assumptions, th e

one

unsound and the other uncer ta in: that th e article

is

reliably

an d fully

quoted

in

the

title aaeuw1Jsvra Eva1F{}eWn17aa1rra or

that it

is

quoted

and

fully

quoted

in

XII

13 s,

B ut

le t

us

believe

in

Jesus

Ohrist as

having

come in

the

flesh

and

become

man

V

a a e ~ l

naeaysv6/lsvov

E v a v { } e w n ~ a a 1 J r a ) . Toutee

and

Le Bache

le t follow

XI I

13

and

give . came in th e flesh and

became

man

[from the Virgin a nd t he Hol y

Ghost] , the phrase

bracketed as

doubtful

coming

from IV Halm and

Hort follow

the t i tle

and

give

was

incarnate

and became man .

Neither version can be,

at best, more

than

probable. In it s

context

the phrase

in

XI I

13

does look l ike a

verbal quotation,

bu t other

phrases

similarly

introduced

elsewhere are clearly no t credal.

The

first participle

in

XII

13 fihds some

scriptural support in 1.

John 4 2

V

EA YjAv1J6ra a nd t he

second

in

a

variant reading in 1.

John 4 17

( E v a v { } e w n ~ a a v r a ) .

The

case for

incarnate

depends

no t

on th e

title

bu t

on i ts

possibly

greater inherent

attractiveness.

return

to

this

question

below.

Any

version, therefore, of

J s

third andfourth

articles

should be

bracketed

asdoubtful,

although crucified is

extremelyprobable.

A no less

important question

is whether J

contained

any of th e

additional phrases

of O s

third article:

f or u s men and for our

salvation

came downfrom Heaven

of the Holy

Spirit

and th e

Virgin

Mary .

we are justified in ignoring the t i tle Cat XII,

this

is

by

no

means

a gratuitous

question;

for there is

no reason

to

suppose

that, even

if

XI I

13 does quote

the third

article,

it

quotes it

in full. Moreover,

even

if J

did

no t

contain

th e

additional

phrases,

it

would stillbe worth

while

to examine Cat XI I in

some

detail as

a necessary

preliminary to determining th e relation

of

J

to

O

For,

pace

Hort , the

complex

proposition

that

0 is Oyril s

rev is ion of J (or

at least

a revision

in which

Oyril played an

im

portant part) - though not, as Hort suggested, in

362-64,

bu t

as

a leading

chmchman at

Oonstantinople

in

381 - is

more

probable, on

both interna l

and

historical

grounds, than

th e

simple

proposition that

is a

revision

of

J. l

The

logical

method, then,

is

to

a t tempt an

admittedly

only

probable reconstruction

of

J s

third

article simply

from the text

of th e Oatecheses, taking

account

of th e plan, as well as the points

of emphasis, in

Cat

XII

and

allowing

due weight

also

to

IV

9

We

must, of course, allow some

weight

also

t o t he negative

evi

dence

that,

in contrast to

ten

articles, the expanded

version

is no t

formally

quoted

continuously;

this suggests

that the

third

article, like the fourth, was short .

We

must also recognize that,

even on th e hypothesis

of

the short

form,

it

would still have

been

necessary, when expOunding

it ,

to unpack

the doctrine

of

the

historical

Incarnation into a series of propositions.

On

th e

other

hand, it can be

shown 1 that, vvith

the

possible

exception

of

for

us men

the

additional

phrases are

no t

merely taught

in sub

stance bu t

receive

verbal emphasis in Cat XII, 2.

that,

negative

ly,

there

is no presumption

that the

possible quotation

in XI I

13

is

complete and

3

that Cat XI I

is planned exactly

as it

would

natmally

have

been

planned if

the article

which

it expounded

contained explicitly

several

parts whichneeded t obe severally

de

monstrated

an d

to be

shown to

have the verbalwarrant

of

Scripture

(The Oatecheses are essentially a demonstration of J

from

Scrip-

tme).

.

First,

then,

there is

no presumption that the

(possible)

quota

ti ton

of

t he third article in XI I

13 is complete, since

its

place

in

th e

structme of th e

lecture

fits

perfectly the view that

it

is

only

a

resume

of th e

position established

in

the

immediately preceding

sections (10-12), where the identification of Jesus Ohristwith the

King promised by the

prophets

is

demonstrated by three

signs . This probability

is increased

by

Oyril s

warning in th e

early

chapters that the Lecture would

fall into

severalparts

since

there were

several

distinct

points

to

be established: That he

was

trulymade

man of th e Virgin ,

he

had said, wait for thedue t ime

of

instruction and you

will receive

th e proofs , and

again,

t he

battle

being manifold,

le t

us

e lucida te each several point

(XII 3.4).

There

is a

fairly

strong case for including for

us

men and for

our salvation although the phrase is nowhere wholly quoted in

the

Oatecheses.

L t 7fdir;

however, occurs in a

very emphatic

positionin

XI I

4

and

theninXI I

5

th e finalcause

of

the Incar

nation is made th e first formal point of inquiry;

the demonstra

tion that th e

purpose

of

the

Incarnation was our

salvation

is

the

theme

of

chapters

5-7 and

(in

part) 12-15. The phrase

occurs

in

21

311

he

Text

of

the

Jerusalem Creed

. A.

STEPHENSON

10


8/8

1

IV 9;

XI I

13

v l l. .

15

the Creed of Caesarea in 325 and in the

somewhat

later Creeds of

Mopsuestia

and

the

Apostolical

Constitutions.

The coming down

is mentioned

explicitly in

IV

9 XII 4

5.

8 9 ( like

rain

upon th e fleece ). 10

and

XVI 4 From

Heaven

is added

in

IV 9 XII 8

and

XVI 4. In IV 9

and XVI

4 th e word

used

is Ua7?i j}.,{}sY; elsewhere

it

is

uarafJfjyal, uadfJrj, uarafJaau;

etc.

The case for th e inclusion of

U IIae{}t3YOV uai IIysvfkarOr; ay/ov

is

very strong

indeed.

In XII

3we

read: U ae{}SyOV

u

IIysvfkarOr;

ay/ov

Byay{}eW Tlljaayra,

a nd t hi s

evidence is reinforced

by

a

passage in

IV,

9:

Believe

t ha t He

came down

from Heaven

being

born of

th e

holy

Virgin and

the Holy Spir i t. The virginal

conception by

the

Holy

Spirit and the Virgin

Birth

are taught

also in XII 29.32 and XVII 6 Moreover, more than a third

of

this lecture

(XII

21-34)

is

devoted to th e doctrine ofthe virginal

conception and

birth, a nd t he words

by which

this

section

is

introduced ( We ask further : of

whom

comes

He,

an d

how? )

mark the beginning

of

a

new s tage in th e planned exposition of

the article.

In general

th e points of

doctrine are

discussed in IV 9

and XII

in

the

same

o rd er a s

that

in which th e corresponding

phrases

occur

in

C s : who

for

us men

and

for

our

salvation came

down

from Heaven,

and was incarnate of th e Holy Spi ri t a nd t he

Virgin Mary, and

became

man . A striking

similarity

is

revealed

if

we confront

C s

article with th e

first

sentence

the

ninth

chapter

of th e Lecture (IV)

in

which, before th e Creed has been

delivered to the candidates, Cyri l is g iv ing a

preliminary sum

mary of the

exposition

of

the

Creed

which was to be ful ly de

veloped

i n t he following catecheses: And believe

that

this

Only

begotten Son of

God

for ou r sins came

down

from Heaven to th e

earth, taking this manhood

of

ours with

all

it s potentialities

of

human

experience

ofkOlO Tla{)fj

1JfkiY) and being born of

the

holy

Virgin

and the Holy Spirit. The one difference of

order

between

C and

Cat. XII

is

that

in Cyril s

exposition

th e discussion an d

proof of

Byav{}eW Tlljaayra

precedes

the

conception

by t he

Virgin

and

the Holy Spi ri t

(not formally

demonstrated

until

chapters

21-34).

Now, this wou ld b e th e

natural

order

if J contained

neither incarnate nor came in

the flesh , and

there

is

no

solid

reason for supposing

that

J did conta in

either.

Incarnate

occurs

very rarely in

th e

Catechesesl,

and

it

need

no t be

sup-

1

The

first

phrase

should perhaps be

bracketed as being

rather

less well

attested. 2. The order of the last words is that of IV 9 and XI I 3; perhaps it

should be

inverted.

313

he Text of the Jerusalem Creed

posed

that

in

XII

13

all

th e words immediately following

b e

lieve

are

quoted

from

the Creed.

On

th e

other

hand, th e Incar

nation

is

rendered by

BcvaY{}eW Tlrjalr;

in

IV 9 and

Byay{}ew TlsiY

occurs

no t

only in

XII 13

bu t also

no

less than five

times i nXI I 3

and four

times

in XII 16. t is

extremely

probable, therefore,

that J read Byay{}eW Tl1]aaYTa, probably without either aaeuw{}SYTa

or Y aaeui

Tlaeaysy6fksyOY.

Nor would t he re be any

grammatical

difficulty

in

constructing

Byay{}eW Tl1]aaYTa with

o f t he

Virgin ,

for

it

is

twice

so

constructed in XII 3 Probably,

therefore, th e

third

article

of

J

ran: roy

Ch 1Jfkiir;

rovr;

ay{}eW TlOVr;

u Ila. rY)Y

17W;deaY awrrje/aY uarsA{}6YTab rwy OVeaywy, ua i Byay{}eW TlljaaYTa

U

ae{}BYOV

Uat IIvsvfkaror; ay/ov.

And

even if these phrases

were

no t all found

i n t he original

it

is stil l c lear how congenial to

Cyril

would

have

been

their inclusion, had the occasion or neces-

sity ever arisen of

composing

an enlarged version of J.

A

A

STEPHENSON

12

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Stephenson - Text of the Jerusalem Creed

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