Bio 32 Review 1 (R1):
Chap 1 Structural Organization Levels in Human Body (Fig. 1.1)
R4:Chap 3 Cell structure, organelles with function, plasma membrane (enables hormone production and release) (Fig. 3.22)
R2 (Bio 32 review): Chap 11 Nervous System (Fig. 11.2)
Fig. 15.1
R3: Chap 4 *Four major tissue types: muscular, nervous, connective, epithelial (Fig. 4.3) *Also Glandular Epithelia & Secretions
R5:Chap 3 Interstitial space (Fig. 1.2)
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R6: Chap 2 Chemistry: 4 major macromolecule types (proteins, lipids, carbohydrates,nucleic acids
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51 AAs together make hormone Insulin
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Fig 15.2
Fig. 15.3
R7: Chap 3 Cell: Protein Synthesis
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Fig. like 1.5 in text regarding body temperature
Fig. 15.18
Fig 15.4
Fig. 15.1
Fig 4.3
Fig. 15.5 a
Fig. 15.5 b
Fig 15.7
Fig. 15.6
Fig. 15.8
Fig 15.5
Fig. 15.9
Fig 15.10
Fig 15.11
Fig 15.12a
Fig 15.13
Fig 15.14a
Fig 15.17
Fig 15.16
Table
Table 15.3
Fig.15.17
Fig. 15.1
Endocrine Study Chart
Organs/ Areas: Posterior Pituitary Gland, Anterior Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Parathyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, Pancreas, Pineal Gland, Thymus, Gonads
Organ Hormone Name Target Cells
(what organs or cells are affected)
Generalized Action on Cells/organs
(what do the cells do in response to the hormone?)
Instructor will provide imbalances or medical conditions
Hypothalamus -GHRH
-TRH
-CRH
-GnRH
Ant. Pituitary epi cell groups make:
GH
TSH
ACTH
FSH, LH
Anterior Pituitary
Growth hormone
(GH)
-Too little in infancy results in pituitary dwarfism.
-Too much in childhood results in gigantism but once growth plates close we have acromegaly.
TSH
Graves Disease: an autoimmune immunoglobulin (antibody like protein) imitates normal TSH and causes an overstimulation of the thyroid gland and hypersecretion
of thyroid hormones.
Prolactin
LH and FSH Active in the production of sperm in males, oocytes (eggs) in females and reproductive hormones in both sexes.. They will be discussed with the male and female reproductive systems later in the course.
Posterior Pituitary
Note: Cell bodies are in hypothalamus & axons with hormone secretion are in post. Pit.
Oxytocin Synthetic oxytocin can be given I.V. to induce labor
ADH
(antidiuretic hormone)
Diabetes insipidus
The term “diuretic” drugs means medications that cause H2O loss
Thyroid Thyroid hormones TH
(T3 and T4,
thyroxine)
Increases cell metabolism
Hyperthyroidism:
(Graves dis. already covered)
Hypothyroidism
Goiter:
Iodine deficiency goiter:
Parathyroid PTH
↑ blood Ca++ by activating 3 target tissues:
1.
2.
3.
Adrenal aldosterone The rennin-angiotensin pathway and further effects aldosterone will be discussed more thoroughly later in the course with urinary system and fluid, electrolyte balance.
Cortisol (glucocorticoids)
↑ results in Cushing’s disease. Most common medically induced disease from giving patients
corticosteroids.
↓ results in Addison’s disease along with a ↓ in aldosterone
androgens Male type sex hormones converted to testosterone in males and estrogens in females. Responsible for axillary & pubic hair in females. Available first during fetal development.
Epinephrine, norepinephrine
(catecholamines)
Epinephrine, norepinephrine
Thymus Thymosin
Hypo causes incomplete immune protection lacking T-cell development.
Gonads
-ovaries
Estrogen and progesterone
Female reproductive hormones discussed with the reproductive systems later in the course.
Gonads
-testes
Testosterone Male reproductive hormones discussed with the reproductive systems later in the course.
pancreas Insulin
β-cell respond to ↑ blood glucose
Tissue cells
Liver cells
Uptake glucose for utilization and fat formation
Link glucose into long glycogen molecules
Hyposecretion: Type I diabetes mellitus
Note: Diabetes mellitus will be discussed more thoroughly later in the course
Glucagon
α-cell respond to ↓ blood glucose
Liver cells Break apart glycogen and release glucose molecules.
Synthesis of new glucose from other body sources
Fig. 15.19