Steve Karandais 2019

General Manager, Keysight Technologies Australia

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• Who is Keysight?

• What’s driving 5G

• The innovations required to make 5G happen

• 5G Testing Considerations

• 5G Network Over-The-Air Performance evaluation and deployment testing

• Overcoming the challenges to 5G data throughput

• A look at some real measurements

• Questions

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• Multi-standard smartphones, tablets, IoT devices

• Networks and cloud environments

• Connected cars

• Clean energy

• Semiconductors

• Aerospace, Defense, and Government

• General electronics

T O H E L P Y O U D E S I G N , T E S T, M A N U FA C T U R E A N D O P T I M I Z E

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in revenuemarket-ready 5G new

radio solutions

available

of the Global 100

companies are

Keysight customers

years of innovation,

measurement

science expertise

US and foreign

patents issued

or pending

of the Top 30 Tech

companies use

Keysight

Market Leader with 80+ Years of Expertise

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Over

test scripts from 2G to 5G

Collaborations with

chipset providers, operators, and NEMs

#1 IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

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A Q U I C K T O U R T H R O U G H H I S T O R Y …

1G 2G 3G 4G 5G

?

0.5G

Keysight World

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100x

Data Rates

1000x

Capacity100x

Densification1ms Latency

Reliability

99.999%

100x

Energy Efficiency

Ubiquitous Connectivity

5G

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CLOUD

MOBILE DATA TRAFFICMOVES TO CLOUD

APPSBY 2019

MARKET SIZE

BY 2020

Source: Bain

GIGABYTES OF

NEW DATA PER

PERSON / DAY

BY 2020

MARKET SIZE

BY 2026

Source: Ericsson

BIG DATA INTERNET OF THINGS5G

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Mobile Broadband Access

Mission-CriticalMachine Communication

IoT

• all data, all the time

• 2 billion people on social media

• 30 billion ‘things’ connected

• low cost, low energy

• ultra high-reliability

• ultra-low latency

Amazingly fastGreat service In a

crowd

Best experience

follows you

Real-time &

reliable

communications

Ubiquitous things

communicating

Massive Machine Communication

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FLEXIBLE

NETWORKSFASTER

TRANSFERS

LOWER

LATENCY

MOBILE

EXPERIENCE

REAL TIMECONNECTED

WORLD

HIGHER

RELIABILITY

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M M W AV E 5 G B A N D I N U S

unlicensed

27.5 to 28.35GHz 37 to 38.6GHz38.6 to 40GHz 64 to 71GHz

BW: 850MHz 1600MHz 1400 MHz 7000MHz

> 24 GHz3.5-3.8GHz

Telstra, Optus first

deployment for 5G is

3.5-3.8GHz

mmWave will be 24.25-

27.55GHz in 2020

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• Only BS keeps the channel information

• BS antenna number >> the number of UE

• Each antenna can be controlled (gain and phase)

• Dramatically improves SNR at UE, better overall capacity

• Channel noise can be reduced with increase of number of antenna

M U LT I U S E R M I M O W H E N N U M B E R O F A N T. > > N U M B E R O F U E

UP: known Pilots

Channel

Transfer

function

Massive amount of beams

point to single user USER 1: single ant

Only decode user 1 data

USER 2: single ant

Only decode user 2 data

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W H AT I S B E A M F O R M I N G

Delay = 0Delay ≠ 0

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Tim e

SS Block 1 SS Block 2 SS Block 3 SS Block 4 SS Block 5

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Once the high 5G data rates and stability are demonstarted in

ideal clean channel conditions the next step is to make the

same happen in real world non-ideal faded & interference

channel conditions.

Multiple cells, users, and radio access technologies

• Multi path fading and spatial diversity

• Antenna patterns and polarizations

• Mobility -> frequency and delay doppler

• Propagation delay offsets

• Noise and Interference from other users and cells

W-CDMA

HSPA+5G NR

LTE-A

Interference

& AWGN

Multipath

fading

Doppler

CA & MIMO

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• Free space path loss = 92.45 + 20 Log (distance in km) + 20 log (freq in GHz)

• Fresnel zone radius = 17.32 x 𝑑/4𝑓 (d in km, f in GHz) (60% of the zone clear)

• Link budget: Received power = Pt + Gt + Gr – path loss – rain fade (2dB/200m) - shadowing loss (20 to

30dB)– foliage loss (10 to 50dB) – atmospheric absorption – terrain – humidity – Fresnel blockage –

system margin

R

Fresnel

Zone

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1. Measure, model, and emulate mmWave channels

2. Measure, model, and emulate wideband baseband

3. Measure and characterize devices over-the-air

4. Emulate 5G network & device -characterize spectral

efficiency gains

5. Emulate and evaluate end-to-end connections

6. Characterize interoperability/coexistence of wireless

standards

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• Path loss / link budget verification

• Antenna pattern verification

• Coverage test (OTA on control channels)

• Band clearing

• Up and downlink control channel verification

• eNB spurious evaluation

• Phase array antenna verification

• User experience test

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Transmitter Ant. Under Test Golden antenna

Spectrum analyzer:

- Zero span

- Sweep time vs antenna

sweep angle

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• 28 GHz frequency

• Understand gNB beam characteristics by measuring signal

power level across azimuth and elevation from base stations

• Calibrated millimeter wave phased array antenna simulates

5G UE antenna performance

• Phased array performance verification showing boresight,

polar antenna pattern with compass, and heat map

• N99xxB models require external mixer

Polar antenna pattern with

compass

Boresight scan

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LT E F D D E X A M P L E : V E R I Z O N & AT T

CC1 CC2

CC0

Cell ID

210-0-70

CC3 CC4Cell ID

319-1-106

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Sync

channel

The following signals are

transmitted in the downlink to

facilitate cell search:

- the primary, secondary and

extended synchronization

signals.

- Data can be tagged with GPS

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C O V E R A G E A N D B A N D C L E A R I N G

• Channel Power vs

location

• Channel power vs time

• Data logging (csv and

KML)

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5G NR demodulation analysis with VSA 89600 SW via LAN

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Challenges for testing 5G networks:

• Link budget verification to guide RF planning for 28 GHz, 39GHz, etc

• Quantify the effectiveness of massive MIMO and beamforming;

• Antenna test over the air

Key measurements

• Antenna system and its coverage with beamforming and massive MIMO;

• Uplink, downlink signal verification

• User experience test

Use test tools that offer frequency coverage and function to address the challenges of 5G network deployment and field troubleshooting

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Better Spectral Efficiency

•Clever modulation & coding schemes

Cell Densification

•Add more base stations

Use more spectrum

𝐶 = 𝐵𝑊 𝐿𝑂𝐺2 1 +𝑆

𝑁Ultra-Reliable Low Latency

Communications

Enhanced Mobile Broadband

Massive Machine Type

CommunicationsFigure 1: Source ITU 5G Recommendations 9/2015

A N D W AY S T O A C H I E V E H I G H T H R O U G H P U T

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H I G H E R T H R O U G H P U T V I A H I G H E R O R D E R M O D U L AT I O N

?Q

I

QPSK

2 bits / symbol

Q

I

64QAM

6 bits / symbol 12 bits / symbol

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H I G H E R T H R O U G H P U T V I A H I G H E R O R D E R M O D U L AT I O N – T H E C H A L L E N G E

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H I G H E R F R E Q U E N C I E S F O R H I G H E R D ATA R AT E S

*Gigabit LTE and beyond: Mobilizing millimeter wave

21.1 GHz of new unlicensed spectrum

1 6 20 30 40 50 60 70-80 116-123 174.8-182 185-190 244-246

Current

IMT

Bands

24 GHz

Licensed

LMDS

Licensed

40 GHZ

Licensed50 GHz

Licensed

60 GHz

Licensed

70-80 GHz

Licensed116-123 GHz

Unlicensed

174.5-182 GHz

Unlicensed185-190 GHz

Unlicensed

244-246 GHz

Unlicensed

95

10 yr Experimental license use on any frequencies between (95 GHz – 3 THz)

7.2

5 -

7.7

5

8.5

–10.5

5

24.2

5 -

27.5

7.9

–8

.41

0.7

–1

2.7

5

13

.75

–1

4.5

18 -

21

24 –

26

.5

28 -

31

36 -

40

13.4

-14

15.7

–17.7

24

.05

–2

4.2

5

33.4

-36

43.4

-44.5

59 -

64

76 -

81

92 -

100

26.5

-29.5

37 -

38.6

38.6

-40

40.5

-43.5

47.2

-50.2

45.5

-47.5

50.4

-52.6

64 -

71

81 -

86

GHz

27.5

-28.3

5

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H I G H E R T H R O U G H P U T V I A W I D E R B A N D W I D T H S – T H E C H A L L E N G E

2 GHz BW

3 dB SNR decrease

Frequency

Amplitude

LTE (20 MHz BW) compared to 5G (2 GHz BW): SNR delta = 20

dB!

1 GHz BW

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I N C R E A S E D S Y S T E M N O I S E

• Wideband noise will often limit

device & measurement performance

• Any back-off needed to prevent signal

compression makes the problem

worse

Ou

tpu

t P

ow

er

Input Power

Noise with 2 GHz

bandwidth Signals

Noise with 100 MHz

bandwidth Signals

1 dB compression point

Operating range

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C H A L L E N G E S

Key Test Equipment Attributes

High power Low noise floorMulti-channel measurement

capability

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3 G P P C O N F O R M A N C E R E A D Y – H I G H P E R F O R M A N C E

N9040B & N9041BVXG44 GHz Dual Ch. Source

UXR110 GHz Oscilloscope

UXA110 GHz Signal Analyzer

DC Power Analyzer

Device Under TestCross-polarized 28 GHz phased arrayTest Signal

2x2 MIMO at 28 GHzKey Features

• 44 GHz Signal Creation / 110 GHz Analysis

• Multi-channel

• High Output Power

• 2 GHz signal Creation BW

• 110 GHz BW Demodulation Analysis

• Swept-tuned measurements to 110 GHz

• Import S-Parameters to de-embed test fixture

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N O W Y O U C A N : A C H I E V E S U B 1 0 G H Z N O I S E L E V E L S AT 7 0 G H Z S P E E D S

Z-Series UXR

UXR has >8 dB/Hz better noise density50 Ω Terminated 50 Ω Terminated

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V S A M E A S U R E M E N T D E TA I L

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• 1 There are many different ways to maximise data throughput in a 5G system

• 2 Each method comes with its own set of challenges and each challenge presents as a

measurement system requirement

• 3 Keysight has the test equipment that has been used across the world by different technology

companies to solve those challenges.

S U M M A R Y

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1. 5G is a broad aspirational communication unification system – not just a mobile phone

technology

2. There will be “evolutions” within 5G, just as there were in 4G, but probably more profound.

3. Many of the applications for 5G, at its best, still don’t exist.

4. Significant challenges still exist to get the fundamental technology right and working, and

millimetre wave FR2 is still a challenge yet to be proven.

S U M M A R Y

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