Steve Webb
Account Executive, Sales
Unconventional EOR Potential
Rapid Rate Declines and Low Recovery FactorsEOR can help improve Recovery Factors
EOR Techniques
Water
Flooding
Gas
Flooding
Other Processes• CO2 WAG
• Huff n’ Puff
Huff and Puff
Why Simulate?
• Physics-based models are forward-looking & provide ability to
forecast future behavior
− Include uncertain parameters to achieve a range of forecasts
− Past performance is not indicative of future behavior: data-based
techniques are backward-looking
• Easily evaluate multiple EOR techniques, using the same model
– Optimal configuration or EOR technique may not be applicable to
other unconventional reservoirs
• Optimize and evaluate EOR processes quickly and efficiently
Physics Black Oil Simulator Compositional Simulator
PVT BO, VO, GC, WG EOS
Adsorbed Components Gas Phase Multi-Comp
Molecular Diffusion w/ Dispersion - Multi-Comp/OWG Phases
Natural Fracs (NF) Dual Perm Dual Perm
Propped Fracs (PF) LS-LR in Matrix (MT) LS-LR in Matrix (MT)
Non-Darcy (turbulent) Flow MT, NF & PF MT, NF & PF
Relative Permeability & Pc MT, NF, PF & Time MT, NF, PF & Time
Pressure dependent Compaction MT, NF, PF & Time MT, NF, PF & Time
Stress dependent Compaction - Geomechanics-based
Chemical Reactions - Ion Exchange & Geochemistry
Primary Production Primary Production & EOR
Why Simulate? Most Complete Physics
CMG’s Unconventional Reservoir Modelling History
CMG’s Unconventional Reservoir Workflow
Complex Fractures via Micro Seismic
Bi-Wing Planar Fractures
Third Party Import
Case StudyBased on SPE 169575
Simulation Study of CO2 Huff-n-Puff Process in
Bakken Tight Oil Reservoirs
Base Model Description
Property Value
Depth 8800 ft
Porosity 0.08
Permeability 500 nD
Water Saturation 0.41
Thickness 40 ft
Base Model Description
Property Value
Fracture Half Length 215 ft
Fracture Height 40 ft
Fracture Spacing 80 ft
Fracture Conductivity 50 mD-ft
Base Model Description
Property Value
Reservoir Temperature 240 ºF
Oil Density 40 API
Bubble Point Pressure 1850 psi
GOR 725 scf/stb
CO2 MMP 2250 psi
C2 MMP 425 psi
Base Model Setup
Production & Injection Cycles / Recovery Factor
Oil Recovery Factor
Process Mechanism: Oil Viscosity
C2 – C4 InjectionCO2 InjectionNatural Depletion
0
0.35
cP
Miscible Huff n’ Puff Optimization
Huff n’ Puff
• Production, Injection,
Soak Cycle Switching
• Injection Pressure
• Cycling Start & End
Dates
CMOST Demo
Conclusions
• CMG offers unique EOR modelling capabilities
- Diffusion, miscibility, relative permeability hysteresis
• Established workflow for modelling unconventional reservoirs
- Economical vs technical optimum
• CMOST AI allows modelling of sensitivity to geological &
economical parameters
- Emphasizes need to optimize for the specific reservoir
For more information, please contact [email protected]