Arrow ElectronicsIntelligent Systems/ M2M Solutions

M2M Solution Architecture and Network Connectivity Tradeoffs

Steve Weeres

M2M Business Development Manager

sweeres@arrow.com

Agenda/Topics–Arrow M2M Ecosystem

–M2M Demonstration/Applications

–Technology Tradeoffs: Network Access/Cellular vs Wi-Fi

– System Tradeoffs

– Cellular Connectivity Technology Overview

– Wi-Fi Connectivity Technology Overview

–Supporting Services

– Cellular Carrier Services for M2M

– Cloud Based Remote Data Hosting

“…in the future everything that will be benefit from being connected will be connected”

Arrow M2M Ecosystem

Introduction

– The convergence of readily available internet access, hardware, and enabling services is enabling a new wave of device connectivity

– The “Internet of Things” will continue to grow through the implementation of Machine to Machine (M2M) system integrations

– Devices that “need” to be connected, will be connected

– This presentation presents key enabling technologies available from the Arrow M2M ecosystem to implement connectivity solutions for a wide variety of applications

Machine-to-Machine

The connection of sensors, embedded devices, and systemsMachine with embedded intelligenceHardware to extract data from the machineWired or wireless networkMiddleware to bridge the network to the IT systemEnterprise software application to store and visualize the data

Connecting and networking physical assets to solve Business Problems

Typical M2M Solution

The NEED: Data to remote users and control of remote assets

7

Device

Device

Device

Device

WPAN Connection:ISM, ZigBee/SNAP

Bluetooth, Wi-Fi

Network Interface

End USER Application

WAN Connection

Email/SMS Messages

MRP/ERP

Cellular Carrier, WiFi Router,

Satellite Network

In-house or “Cloud”

Portal

Database Platform

Host System

API

Cellular, Wi-Fi,

Satellite modem

Network Interface

M2M Gateway

Ag

greg

ator

Up

link

Device

Up

link

Web Interface

Cellular Carrier Service/MVNO

M2M Service Billing

Singular DeviceDevice

Networks

Recurring costs

End User Invoicing

Device

Up

link

Bluetooth Wi-Fi

OEM Recurring Revenue

M2M Systems Architecture

Network Service

Providers

Cloud Based M2M Host

Services

CORE

TS

CORE

TS

Radio Suppliers

Edge to Enterprise Solutions and Support ESC

CORE

TSCORE

TS CORE

TS

Arrow’s M2M Ecosystem

NFC/RFID Design Services

Demonstrations/Applications

Demonstrations

–Remote Sensing Demo

–Wi-Fi enabled sensor to the “cloud”

Remote host platform and enterprise application

Cellular enabled Wi-Fi access point

Wi-Fi Enabled Sensor Node

DCN Cellular Data Plan

M2M Application Example: Theft Prevention

– AirServ

– Remote machines with a “loss rate” of 20-40%

– Added GSM Cellular Modem/ Host Connectivity

– Monitors actual usage and machine status

– Incremental Connectivity Cost: $125

– Payback per machine; 3 months

Remote Monitoring and Diagnostics

Visibility• Administrative • Status/Performance

Monitoring• Diagnostics & Control• Reporting

Operation Maintenance Performance Faults

M2M Application Example: Equipment Monitoring

– Harmony Enterprises (MS)– Manufacturer of industrial

compactors

– Connectivity Solution: Cellular Modem/Carrier Service/Host Portal

– Allows remote messaging for compactor servicing, OEM recurring revenue

– Improved operational efficiency, “truck roll” only when machine is full

M2M Application Example: Ambulatory Cardiac Monitoring

– Monitor triggered on cardiac “events”

– ECG file FTP to central server over GSM cellular network

– ECG file available for analysis, on line, in seconds

– Braemar Inc.

– Patient-worn portable cardiac monitor with cellular modem

Application Example: GPS Enabled Tracking

– VehicleFinder Tracking Device

–GPS+GSM Cellular Modem

–Custom host portal with web interface

–Device Cost: $189

–Monthly Service Fee: $12.95

WAN Network Access Connectivity Tradeoffs

17

Device

Device

Device

Device

WPAN Connection:ISM, ZigBee/SNAP

Bluetooth, Wi-Fi

Network Interface

End USER Application

WAN Connection

Email/SMS Messages

MRP/ERP

Cellular Carrier, WiFi Router,

Satellite Network

In-house or “Cloud”

Portal

Database Platform

Host System

API

Cellular, Wi-Fi,

Satellite modem

Network Interface

M2M Gateway

Ag

greg

ator

Up

link

Device

Up

link

Web Interface

Cellular Carrier Service/MVNO

M2M Service Billing

Singular DeviceDevice

Networks

Recurring costs

End User Invoicing

Device

Up

link

Bluetooth Wi-Fi

OEM Recurring Revenue

M2M Systems Architecture

Connectivity Technology Tradeoffs– Device Connectivity to the Internet; Wi-Fi or Cellular

– Wi-Fi Advantages;

– No recurring charges

– Lower cost interface ($8-30)

– Low power options available

– Wi-Fi Disadvantages;

– Dependant on local access point availability/reliability

– Requires local provisioning

– Shorter range (compared to cellular)

– Does not handle mobile equipment/roaming easily

Connectivity Technology Tradeoffs– Cellular Advantages

– Connection independent of facility infrastructure

– Requires no local provisioning

– Easily roams

– Long range

– Cellular Disavantages

– >10x higher input power requirements

– Higher cost interface

– Requires data plan with recurring charges

Connectivity Technology Tradeoffs– Dual Mode Interface

– Consider Wi-Fi interface standard with cellular plug in option

– Plug-in cellular modems allow for product level installation

– Upcharge for advanced connectivity option

Cellular Connectivity Technology Overview

Cellular Hardware Overview

– Cellular modems for M2M applications continue to achieve lower HW cost

– Global capabilities

– Integrated GPS available

– Certified modems allow easy integration with low NRE

– A variety of form factors available: Chipset, Module, Board and Box

– Form Factor Decision Criteria:

– Production Volume

– Mechanical size constraints

– Project constrants; NRE/Time to Market/BOM Cost

Cellular Hardware Overview

– Hardware Selection Inputs

– Cellular Network Technology (GSM vs CDMA)

– Cellular Technology: 2G/3G/4G/LTE

– US Carriers; ATT/Tmobile/Verizon/Sprint

– Deployment Regions: US only, North America, regions outside NA

– Single design desired to support “global” operation?

– Data only or voice/data

– Integrated GPS receiver desired? (available in some product families)

Cellular Interface Form Factor Definition

– Chipset

– Module

– Board Level Modem

– Box Level Modem/M2M Gateway

North America Technologies with US Operators

HEADLINESUB-HEADLINE

HEADLINESUB-HEADLINE

1G – AMPS (Analog)

2G – GSM/GPRS/EDGE

3G – UMTS/HSPA

2G – CDMA/1xRTT

3G - EVDO

4G – LTE

AT&T

T-mobileVerizon

Sprint

AT&T & Verizon & Sprint

Cellular Hardware Overview

– Cellular communication infrastructure created to support mobile voice communications

– Same network infrastructure supports data communications from remote devices; M2M

– Requirements for access:

– Compliant device

– Billing relationship

– Device number and key

2G GSM Not recommended for new designs in the US

1996 98 - 99 00 - 01 02 - 03 04 - 05 06 - 07 08 - 09 2010 - 2012

2G 2.5G 3G 4G

GPRS80 kb/s

EDGE240 kb/s

UMTS384 kb/s

CDMA9.6 kb/s

1xRTT150 kb/s

CDMA Carrier Evolution Path

GSM Carrier Evolution Path

HSPA+ 2118 Mb/s

HSPA 7.26 Mb/s

EV-DO Rev A.

3.1 Mb/s

LTE*86 Mb/s

GSM12.2 kb/s

Peak Downlink Data Rates for Carrier Speed Evolution

Cellular Technology Evolution Path

4G banding plans

continue to evolve

Five main bands

with the possibility

of more…….

Four main bands“Quad band” 2G – 900/1800

3G – 900/2100

4G – 800

Europe

2G – 850/1900

3G – 850/1900/1700

4G – 700/850/2400

North America

Global Frequency Challenge with GSM (3G/4G)

Understanding Cellular Frequency Bands

Telit Cellular Modules

– Telit Cellular Module Form Factors

– SMT Modules

– xE 910 Family

– xL 865 Family

– Connectorized GSM Modules

– XX 864 Family

– x24 Family

– PCIe Modules

Board Level Modems- MultiTech SocketModem

– MTSMC-XX-IP

– Fully Certified Cellular Modem

– Form factor supports GSM and CDMA

– HSPA+; H5

– EVDO; EV3

– 1XRTT; C2

– Serial or Serial/USB interface

– Optional GPS (-GP)

– Includes MT Universal IP Stack

– MTSMC-XX

– Fully Certified Cellular Modem

– Form factor supports GSM and CDMA

– Serial or USB interface

Board Level Modems- Janus Terminus Plug In Series– CDMA864CF 2G CDMA Modem

– Fully Certified CDMA Modem

– Verizon/Sprint/Aeris models

– USB/Serial Interface

– Includes integrated GPS

– HSPA910CF v1.00 HSPA+ Plug-In Modem

– Penta-Band HSPA+ ; Global Coverage

– Fully Certified GSM Modem

– USB/Serial Interface

– Includes integrated GPS

Board Level Modems: Nimbelink

– Skywire NL-SW-1xRTT-V

– Fully Certified CDMA Modem

– 1xRTT/EVDO options

– Verizon/Sprint models

– USB/Serial Interface

– “Xbee” form factor

Box Level Modem Introduction

– Fully Certified

– Provides a wide variety of I/O options; Serial/USB/Ethernet, and wireless interfaces (Wi-Fi, 802.15.4, Bluetooth)

– Cellular Modem only (bit pipe) vs Gateway devices

– Can allow for interchangeable options (GSM/CDMA)

– Allows for external antenna connection only

– Highest purchase price

Box Level Modems– MultiTech MTC-XX

– Fully certified box modem

– Form factor supports CDMA

– 1XRTT C2

– USB or Serial Inputs

– MultiTech MTR-XX

– Fully certified box router/gateway

– Form factor supports GSM and CDMA

– HSPA+; H5

– EVDO, EV3, 1xRTT, C2

– Serial/Ethernet Inputs, Supports Modbus Communication

– Advanced Network Security

– Remote Device Management included

– Wi-Fi (AP)/Bluetooth 4.0 interface Available

Box Level Modems– Multitech MTD-xx

– Fully certified modem, USB Dongle form factor, integrated antenna

– Form factor supports GSM and CDMA

– HSPA+; H5

– EVDO; EV2

– USB 2.0 interface, Windows and Linux drivers available

– Multitech MTCTD-xx

– Fully certified box modem

– Form factor supports GSM and CDMA

– HSPA+; H5

– EVDO; EV2

– USB, Serial, Ethernet interfaces

– Linux Development platform for custom application development

Box Level Modems– Janus Terminus T2

– Form factor supports GSM and CDMA

– HSPA+; HSPA910T2

– EVDO, EVDO910T2/ 1xRTT, CDMA864T2

– Serial/USB Inputs

– GPIO/CAN/RS485 Inputs

– Embedded development environment

– Janus Terminus 400AP

– Form factor supports GSM and CDMA

– HSPA+; HSPA400AP

– EVDO, EVDO400AP/ 1xRTT, CDMA400AP

– Serial/USB Inputs/Ethernet inputs

– Linux based platform

– GPIO/CAN/RS485 Inputs

M2M System Cost Factors: Application Example

– Cellular Connected Equipment

–Certified 3G GSM Board Modem

–Reports data payload 10Kbytes, 3x per day to remote portal, 900 Kbytes/month

–ATT Service, US, 1Mbyte/month

M2M System Cost Factors: Application Example – Recurring Costs

–Hardware

– Multitech MTSMC-H5, Qty 1K, $127

–Service Fees per month

– ATT Service, US, 1Mbyte/month, $2.70

– 2lemetry Portal Monthly charge, $1.20

– Total services cost $3.90

–3 year cost of ownership: $267.40, $7.42/month

Wi-Fi Connectivity Technology Overview

Wi-Fi Technology Overview

– Wi-Fi, is a local area wireless technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data or connect to the internet using the 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz ISM Bands

– Operation and functionality defined by IEEE 802.11

– Stations, components that can connect on a wireless network are either clients or access points

– Two basic modes of operation:

– Infrastructure mode; clients connect to a central access point which may serve as a bridge to other networks

– Peer to Peer mode; clients connect to each other in either ad hoc or Wi-Fi Direct networks

Wi-Fi Technology Overview

– Wi-Fi enabled devices will typically be clients to an available access point

– The Wi-Fi interface in the device can also serve as an access point, allowing clients to connect

– The access point functionality can be “de-featured” to provide more limited connectivity functionality, defined loosely as a “Soft Access Point/SoftAP”

– SoftAP functionality is not standardized and is highly dependent on the networking stack implementation

Wi-Fi Embedded Module Characteristics– Module Implementation Options Summary

– Hosted Wi-Fi modules are “software defined” radios, module selection dependent on features needed from application use cases

– Band support; b/g (legacy), b/g/n (common), b/g/dual n (select few), a/b/g/n (select few)

– Networking Stack resident or offboard

– Stack resident modules (fully hosted) provide AT command interface via serial port

– Stack Offboard; Stack code base must be procured and ported to the embedded platform. Interface is through SDIO or USB to low level radio interface on the module.

Wi-Fi Embedded Module Characteristics– Module Implementation Options

– Wi-Fi only or Wi-Fi plus Bluetooth

– Connection modes supported; Infrastructure (client), Access Point, Wi-Fi Direct, Soft AP

– All modules support infrastructure mode

– Most modules can only be in one mode at a time

– No “standard” definition for Soft AP functionality, module dependent

– Configuration Methodology (setting SSID/Passphrase)

– Two options:

– Over the wired interface

– Via a wireless connection to the module Soft AP

Wi-Fi Embedded Module Characteristics

Configuration via Soft AP

– Module is put in Soft AP mode (interface command or hardware initiated)

– Client device associates with the Soft AP

– Client device opens a browser and accesses the configuration web page resident on the module

Wi-Fi Embedded Module Characteristics– Module Implementation Options

– Security Implementation Methodology

– Module to AP: WPA2 x

– End to End Security: SSL, SSH, EAP, etc

– Processor Interface

– UART, SPI (common)

– USB (available)

– SDIO (available, generally for modules with MCU hosted stack)

– HTTP Server function: customizable web pages hosted on module, accessed through SoftAP mode

Wi-Fi Embedded Module Characteristics– Module Implementation Options

– Antenna Placement

– Antenna On-Board (internal) or Antenna Off-Board (external)

– Application space on module available

– Module Certification

– Most modules are fully certified

Wi-Fi Embedded Module Characteristics

– Module Trends

– Module manufacturers continuing to focus development on “fully hosted” modules

– Module costs continuing to trend downward

– Modules allow custom web page visibility via softAP

– Simultaneous Client-SoftAP capability

– Wi-Fi with advanced SoftAP functionality considered as an alternative to BT/BTLE for Smart Device connectivity

– Industrial temp range devices becoming the norm

– Limited 802.11a module offerings, 802.11ac modules 1-2 years out

Wi-Fi Embedded Module Characteristics– New Wi-Fi module offerings enable connectivity from enabled

end node devices direct to router/AP

– New modules feature reduced peak power consumption enabling extended battery powered operation. Example:

– Tx current = 19 mA at 1 Mbps, 15 dBm, compared to 200 mA at 22 Mbps

– Devices also have Sleep and Standby modes to reduce power consumption

– Compact form factor allows small design footprint for reduced physical size devices

– On-board application code space and I/O can eliminate the need for a separate microcontroller

– Stack resident modules make microcontroller interface easy

WiFi 802.11 Technology; Product Examples

– Fully Hosted Modules

– NetComm/Qualcomm GT-202

– 802.11 b/g/n

– UART/SPI interface

– Infrastructure mode, Configuration via SoftAP

– Stack hosted on module over UART or HCI mode with Freescale processor

– SSL/HTTPS Support

– Integrated or external antenna

– Industrial Temp Range

GT-202

QCA4002 Antenna

SPI

SPI

3.3V

MCU

Flash

WiFi 802.11 Technology; Product Examples– Fully Hosted Modules

– RTX4100

– 802.11 b/g/n

– Stack Hosted: Full IPv4/IPv6 stack

– Onboard application space; 24K code space

– 4 uA standby current

– Supports infrastructure and Soft AP modes

– RTX 4140

– 802.11 b/g/n

– Onboard application space; 288K code space

WiFi 802.11 Technology; Product Examples

– Fully Hosted Modules

– ST SPWF01Sx

– 802.11 b/g/n

– UART, SPI, I2C Interfaces

– Full IPv4 stack

– Infrastructure mode, Configuration via SoftAP, supports data mode via SoftAP

– HTTP Web Server on board

– On-board application space

– Integrated (A) or External (C) Antenna Options

WiFi 802.11 Technology; Product Examples– Fully Hosted Modules

– Redpine RS-WC-201/301

– 802.11 b/g/n (201), a/b/g/n (301)

– Stack Hosted: Full IPv4 stack

– Wi-Fi Direct, Access Point and Client mode

– Inventek ISM43362-M3G-L44-E/U

– SPI/UART/USB Interfaces

– Industrial temp range

– Advanced SoftAP mode supports 8 clients

WiFi 802.11 Technology; Product Examples

– Fully Hosted Modules

– Digi Xbee Wi-Fi

– 802.11 b/g/n

– UART/SPI Interface

– Full IPv4/IPv6 stack

– Infrastructure mode, Configuration via SoftAP

– Socketed design, form factor compatible with Digi Mesh networking modules

– Integrated, External Antenna options

WiFi 802.11 Technology; Product Examples

– Fully Hosted Modules

– Lantronix Xpico Wi-Fi

– 802.11 b/g/n

– UART (2)/SPI/USB Interface

– Infrastructure mode, Configuration via SoftAP, simultaneous Client/SoftAP mode operation

– Full IPv4 stack

– Supports simultaneous client and SoftAP operation

– HTTP Web Server on board

– External Antenna

– Industrial Temp Range

WiFi 802.11 Technology; Product Examples

– Stack Hosted on MCU

– LS Research TiWi5

– Combo Bluetooth/BLE/Wi-Fi Links

– 802.11 a/b/g/n

– Stack offboard; Stack host target; TI OMAP

– Dimensions: 18 x 13 x 1.8 mm

– LS Research TiWi BLE

– Combo Bluetooth/BLE/Wi-Fi Links

– 802.11 b/g/n

– Stack offboard; Stack host target; TI OMAP

– Dimensions: 18 x 13 x 1.8 mm

Supporting Services

Cellular Data Plans for M2M Applications

Cellular Data Plan Service Providers– There are two types of service providers

• MNO: Mobile Network Operator• MVNO: Mobile Virtual Network operator

– MNO • Own the infrastructure and equipment, and lease spectrum

– MVNO• Value added reseller for MNOs targeting clients with specific service

requirements

– Arrow’s franchised service carrier partners• Telit m2mAir (formerly CrossBridge Solutions), Kore Telematics,

Device Cloud Networks (DCN) and Wyless

MVNO Cellular Carrier Services

– MVNO’s are established to provide data services to the M2M market space to enable customers efficient use of the cellular data network through superior services with flexible data plans.

– The MVNO provides the same data access to the cellular network as the MNO, with many additional benefits for M2M customers

MVNO Cellular Carrier Services

– Flexible and scalable data plans that support many different user deployments. The long term commitments or contracts associated with MNO’s are not required

– Pooled data plans from 0 KB to 5 GB allow wide range of data network requirements for M2M applications

– Ability to support mixed network use modes including GSM and CDMA, with one account and billing arrangement

– Satellite communication services are available

MVNO Cellular Carrier Services

– Flexible account plans; ability to deploy groups of devices with custom accounts to match the OEM’s business model

– Powerful web portals for managing accounts; activating devices, deactivating devices, changing rate plans, viewing call detail and invoices regardless of the size of the account

– Easy to use portals for monitoring device usage; view network sessions, historical data usage charting, configuration and test capability and threshold reporting

MVNO Cellular Carrier Services

Manage Your Account• Activate devices

• Deactivate devices

• Change Rate Plans monthly

• View invoices and call detail

• Run Excel or CSV reports

MVNO Cellular Carrier Services

Monitor your device usage• View network session info real-time

• PPP session start and stop

• Historical data usage charting

• Configure and send canned SMS text

• Threshold reporting

Cloud Based M2M Host Services

M2M Service Solutions; M2M Host Server Services

– Arrows M2M Host services provide customers with secure, configurable and scalable platforms for hosting M2M network interfaces

– Built using the “Platform as a Service” cloud computing model, these services allow advanced hosting servers to be built quickly without costly software development efforts

– Host platforms are scalable to meet a wide variety of OEM business models

– Configurable portals allow for internet based network interaction, device management and data export

Cloud Computing Landscape + Services

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Physical infrastructure abstracted Can be scaled up or down as needed Needs to be provisioned and managed

Platform as a Service (PaaS) Platform and infrastructure abstracted Custom applications built quickly Custom applications need to be managed

Software as a Service (SaaS) Platform and infrastructure abstracted Reduction and effort to deploy and manage Applications configured but not customized

Architecture Overview

66

Regional Load Balancing

Broker Layer

Rules Engine

CEP Engine

Data Storage

REST API

• Find trends• Run computations• Build complex models

• HTTP webhook• Republish Rules• SMS / Email • Reformat Payloads

• Supports custom protocols• Supports MQTT, Stomp, CoAP• Balanced by geographic response time

• Historical Data Storage• Automatica Replication• Schemaless

Customer facing portals

Advantages of Utilizing Cloud Based M2M Device Hosting

• Low start-up costs

• Minimizes up front NRE for initial system deployment

• Pay as you go model; recurring costs are linear with usage

• Ease of system maintenance and management• No keeping licenses current

• No need to purchase additional hardware

• Secure and Robust Infrastructure• Multiple data centers provide redundancy

• Leverages secure platform best practices from IT industry

• Dynamic Scalability• Infrastructure can be scaled based on requirements

• Device and location independence• Access cloud via desktop, laptop, smartphone

• Rapid Innovation• New features rolled out based on users needs

Cloud Based M2M Device Hosting Evaluation Criteria

• Hardware Agnostic• Should not require specialized hardware from the

remote node• Device API or Agent Code Size

• Embedded side code requirements must be known and accounted for

• Protocols Supported• Multiple protocols including TCP and SMS messaging

• Nodes supported and flexible scaling model

Thank you