Stimulating Clean Technologies and Practices for Greenhouse

Gas Reductions in North Carolina

Douglas Crawford-Brown and Beth Shay and Brian Naess

UNC Institute for the Environment and DESEUNC at Chapel Hill

People have legitimate needs

In consuming that energy, carbon dioxide is released

6:21 AM 9/4/2005

0.00 27.50 55.00 82.50 110.00

Years

1:

1:

1:

2:

2:

2:

0.00

1000.00

2000.00

1: Atmosphere 2: goalC

11

1

1

2 2 2 2

Na (Atmospheric Carbon (BMT))

Our best estimate: a 60% reduction is required

6:27 AM 9/4/2005

0.00 27.50 55.00 82.50 110.00

Years

1:

1:

1:

2:

2:

2:

0.00

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2000.00

1: Atmosphere 2: goalC

1 11

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Na (Atmospheric Carbon (BMT))

Which policy?

0

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0 50 100 150

Time from today

Atm

osp

her

ic C

arb

on

No policy

Reduce source

Increase sink

Human society: a curious mix of technology and behavior

Some terribly complex math…

ST(t) = POP(t) x PCST (t) =

POP(t) x PCEEN(t) x RF(t) / EFF(t)

Leading to…

• Change the “goals” of life (PCEEN)• Use energy more efficiently (EFF)• Improve the release factor (RF)• Switch to low carbon energy sources (also RF)

What will it take?

An infrastructure rivaling that of the petrol industry. This includes technological,

political, economic and social structures that won’t spring up overnight.

Regulators

are government units and regional development

authorities regulating carbon emissions and providing public

investments in solutions.

Investors

are venture capitalists, business angels, equity firms,

etc providing capital for solutions to carbon emissions

and climate change.

Innovators

are individuals, businesses, etc developing technologies

or practices that reduce energy use and/or carbon emissions.

Framers

are NGOs and other special interest groups that lobby for solutions to carbon

emissions and climate change.

Adopters

are individuals, businesses, etc purchasing technologies

that reduce carbon emissions.

Providers

are individuals, businesses, etc providing technologies

that reduce emissions.

So we stop sending $7 billion per year out of the state

$$$

And especially avoid solutions that…

Without replacing one environmental problem

for another

Optimizing the system

DISPOSAL

PMN to

EPA

.

.

.

MFG./PRODUCTFORMULATION

SECONDARY MFG.

CONSUMERUSE

PROCUREMENT(use or m fg.)

MINING AND EXTRACTION

FORMULATOR/ MANUF.

PROCUREMENT(use or mfg.)

EXISTING CHEMICALS

R & D LAB.

Green Chemistry

FormulatorProgram

Product InformationFeedback – A Gap?

SustainableFutures

Alternatives Analysis(flame retardants,

lead in electronics, etc.)

New ChemicalsProgram Industry Programs:

e.g., Responsible Care, WRAP, 3MP3

NEW CHEMICALS(>1,000/year)

Green Engineering

Green Suppliers Network

Environmentally Preferable. Purchasing

P2 Resource Exch.

Hosp. for Healthy Env.

EXISTING CHEMICALS

Best Practices

Tribal, State, and Federal Programs

REUSE/ END OF LIFECONSUMER

DISCHARGE

CONSUMER NEEDS

COMMUNITY DESIGN

In some cases, it is lack of information, and so…

In some cases, it is a lack of technology, and so…

In some cases, it is competing responsibilities, and so…

(LEED construction)

CSI Division

Material Type

Product Name ManufacturerLocation of

ManufacturerLink to product Brief Explanation of Relevant LEED Points

2Erosion and Sedimentation Control

Antiwash/ Geojute and Geocoir DeKoWe

Belton Industries, Inc.

Belton, SChttp://www.beltonindustries.com/erosion.html

Materials and Resources 6: Rapidly renewable building materials. Sustainable Sites Pre-Requisite 1: Erosion and Sedimentation control plan. Materials and Resources 5.1 & 5.2: Regional material.

2Erosion and Sedimentation Control

KoirMat / KoirLogNedia Enterprises Inc.

Ashburn, VA http://www.nedia.com/ Materials and Resources 6: Rapidly renewable building materials. Sustainable Sites Pre-Requisite 1: Erosion and Sedimentation control plan. Materials and Resources 5.1 & 5.2: Regional material.

2Erosion and Sedimentation Control

Coir Erosion Control Products

RoLanka International Inc.

Stockbridge, GAhttp://www.rolanka.com/index.asp?pg=products

Materials and Resources 6: Rapidly renewable building materials. Sustainable Sites Pre-Requisite 1: Erosion and Sedimentation control plan. Materials and Resources 5.1 & 5.2: Regional material.

2Erosion and Sedimentation Control

Natural-Fiber Erosion Control Blankets

SI Geosolutions Chattanooga, TN www.fixsoil.comMaterials and Resources 6: Rapidly renewable building materials. Sustainable Sites Pre-Requisite 1: Erosion and Sedimentation control plan. Materials and Resources 5.1 & 5.2: Regional material.

LEED Materials Database : March 28, 2007

Erosion and Sediment Control-- The Erosion and Sediment Control Plan either conforms to the 2003 EPA Construction General Permit, which outlines the provisions necessary to comply with Phase I and Phase II of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program, or it is more stringent than the EPA Construction General Permit.

In some cases, it is a lack of

examples, and so…

(Community Champions)

In some cases, it is a lack of local Providers, and so…

In some cases, it is a lack of initial capital, and so…

In some cases, it is

the high initial market

cost, and so…

Dividing up the causes and solutions

• Political regions

• Municipalities

• Energy sectors

• Institutions

• Individuals

The North Carolina Legislative Global Climate Change Commission

• Renewable Portfolio Standards• Utilities Commission reform• State buildings to be LEED• Transition of state vehicle fleet• Building code reforms

Dividing up the causes and solutions

• Political regions

• Municipalities

• Energy sectors

• Institutions

• Individuals

Building the community inventory

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Mun

icipa

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Unive

rsity

Trans

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Reside

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Comm

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Baseline carbon dioxide emissions inventories for each sector

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MT/year

Energy Use

Carbon dioxide emissions, TOCH

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MT/year

Mun

icipa

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Unive

rsity

Trans

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Reside

ntia

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Comm

ercial

Using one of the main powers of

municipal government:

planning permission

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Location, location, location

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1 2 3 4

Scenario

Cars

40% cycling

Dividing up the causes and solutions

• Political regions

• Municipalities

• Energy sectors

• Institutions

• Individuals

Transport takes a lead…

Residential

Commercial

Transport

Industrial

Utilities take a lead…

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Transportation

Dividing up the causes and solutions

• Political regions

• Municipalities

• Energy sectors

• Institutions

• Individuals

UNC-Chapel Hill carbon dioxide inventory

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UNC-CH UC - 2003 UC- 2004

MT

CO

2/p

-yr.

Dividing up the causes and solutions

• Political regions

• Municipalities

• Energy sectors

• Institutions

• Individuals

My carbon dioxide inventory

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Trans I/C Elec Gas Air Total Univ Total

Need

An

nu

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T C

O2.

US

UK

My personal quandry

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MT/year

Jaguar Prius

The need to be warm…

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20 degrees 4 degrees

Saint Bernard

“Hell is filled with good intentions

and desires”