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Rafael Nardini Cano

Stoller Integrated Solutions for enhancing soybeans yield

250 kg of N to produce

3.000 kg of grains. (an equivalent of 600 kg of ureia)

The Soybean needs a high quantity of

Nitrogen

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500

400

300

200

100

0

N s

up

ply

(kg/h

a)

15 DAE

NODULE FORMATION

BEGINS 5 TO 8 DAYS

AFTER EMERGENCE

BNF STARTS 15 DAYS

AFTER EMERGENCE

BNF PEAK IN

FLOWERING UNTIL

GRAINS FILL.

SOURCE: ZOTARELLI (2000) - EMBRAPA

(R5)

Grain fill

NITROGEN SUPPLY OVER CROP CYCLE

(R1/R2)

Flowering

V6

The Biological Nitrogen Fixation – BNF is the most

economical, profitable, efficient and environmentally

friendly way to obtain N for soybean crops.

Therefore, a good inoculant and a good inoculation

are essencial to obtain high yield levels.

Pictures: Adenilson Santana.

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On the other hand

The bacteria on seed start do die

immediately.

WHY A NEW INOCULANT?

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The bacteria on seed start do die

immediately.

WHY A NEW INOCULANT?

Fungicides, inseticides and other

products greatly increase the stress of

bacteria.

On the other hand

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The bacteria on seed start do die

immediately.

WHY A NEW INOCULANT?

Fungicides, inseticides and other

products greatly increase the stress of

bacteria.

In the time between inoculation and

sowing, mortality increases.

On the other hand

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The bacteria on seed start do die

immediately.

WHY A NEW INOCULANT?

Fungicides, inseticides and other

products greatly increase the stress of

bacteria.

In the time between inoculation and

sowing, mortality increases.

Bacteria on adverse soil take time to

reproduce, delaying the onset of nodulation.

On the other hand

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A bactéria sobre as sementes

começa a morrer imediatamente.

POR QUE UM NOVO INOCULANTE?

Fungicidas, inseticidas e outros produtos

aumentam em muito o stress da bactéria.

No tempo que decorre entre a inoculação

e a semeadura a mortalidade aumenta.

A bactéria caindo em solo adverso demora a

se reproduzir, atrasando o início da nodulação.

Por outro lado

Therefore

We need an inoculant with much more

resistant bacteria.

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TRADICIONAL CONCEPTS OF A GOOD INOCULANT

Specialized in stablish nodulation

Not only number,

But also good bacteria

STRAINS

CONCENTRATION

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I MEAN...

Larger size of bacteria

Large production of storage material, polyssacharides

Increase survival under adverse conditions, even

with 10 days pre inoculation (treated seeds)

Longer shelf live= 18 months

Thicker layer of polysaccharides for protection and

energy store

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To evaluate the viability of Masterfix Premier

for pre-inoculation up to 10 days

MASTERFIX PREMIER EXPERIMENTS (SOYBEAN)

Researcher:

Krisle da

Silva

Institution:

EMBRAPA

Place:

Boa vista/RR

Researcher:

Alessandro Braccini

Institution:

UEM

Place:

Maringá/PR

Researcher:

Edson Souchie

Institution:

IFGO

Place:

Rio Verde/GO

Researcher:

Alessandro Braccini

Institution:

UNESP

Place:

Jaboticabal/SP

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MASTERFIX PREMIER EXPERIMENTS (SOYBEAN)

TREATMENTSSEED TREATMENT

(Sowing day)

SEED TREATMENT(10 Days before sowing)

Control -- --

Standart inoculant 2 ml/kg --

Masterfix Premier® -- 2 ml/kg

Treatments

All treatments received two packages of pesticide from Bayer and Syngenta

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MASTERFIX PREMIER EXPERIMENTS (SOYBEAN)

TREATMENTSMaringá

(PR)

Rio Verde

(GO)

Jaboticabal

(SP)

Boa Vista

(RR)AVERAGE

Control 3,013 2,762 2,932 1,828 2,762

Standart

inoculant

(2 mL/Kg)

on sowing day

3,813 3,020 3,415 2,609 3,020

Masterfix

Premier®

(2 mL/Kg)

10 days before

sowing

4,119 3,036 3,293 3,000 3,036

Results

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To evaluate the viability of Masterfix Premier on the

day of sowing and for pre-inoculation of up to 10

days

MASTERFIX PREMIER FIELD TRAILS (SOYBEAN)

Place:

Iporã/PR

Place:

Luis Eduardo

Magalhães/BA

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Results

MASTERFIX PREMIER FIELD TRAILS (SOYBEAN)

Place:

Luis Eduardo

Magalhães/BA

2675

2857 2876

2200

2300

2400

2500

2600

2700

2800

2900

3000+201kg/ha+182kg/ha

2 ml/kg

(sowing day)

2 ml/kg

(Sowing day)

2 ml/kg

(10 days before

sowing day)

Standart inoculant

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Results

MASTERFIX PREMIER FIELD TRAILS (SOYBEAN)

Place:

Iporã/PR4131

4506

4191

3850

3950

4050

4150

4250

4350

4450

4550

4650

+60kg/ha

+375kg/ha

2 ml/kg

(sowing day)

2 ml/kg

(Sowing day)

2 ml/kg

(10 days before

sowing day)

+14%Number of nodes

on the main root

Standart inoculant

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NºNodules/Princ

ipal root

Nº Nodules/Principal

root

Mario Kuroda - LEM/BA

15/16 Season

Sowing day

10 days before

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15/16 Season

Hélio Kobayashi - LEM/BA

Sowing day10 days

before

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Aglaê Cavalca – Primavera do Leste/MT

15/16 Season

Sowing day

10 days before

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15/16 Season

Sowing Day 10 days before

Aglaê Cavalca – Primavera do Leste/MT

USE OF BACTERIAL PHYSIOLOGICAL ENHANCERS

HIGHER SURVIVAL RATE(greater number of bacteria in a better physiological state)

Higher resistance to defensives

Higher resistance toadverse conditions

Superior to inoculants(to be used on the day of sowing)

Allows pre-inoculation(up to 10 days before sowing)

But can the inoculation

process be further improved?

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NODULE ACTIVATION AND NITROGENASE ACTIVITY

CoLEG-HEMOGLOBINE

COMPOUND

(B12 VITAMIN)

OXYGEN

REGULATION

MoCO-FACTOR OF

NITROGENASE

ENZYME

NITROGEN

FIXATION

+

Co-Mo SUPPLY

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Source: Mariangela Hungria (Embrapa - Londrina/PR)

Without Inoculant

Inoculant (I)

2.310 kg/ha

Inoculant (I) + Co + Mo

Inoculant (I) + 200 Kg de N

2.420 kg/ha

2.912 kg/ha

3.051 kg/ha

BIOLOGICAL FIXATION OF NITROGEN

RED NODULES:

Active

GREEN NODULES:

Inactive

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Iron deficiency in European Soils

2ml/kg of seed or less (1ml/kg) in poor iron soils

Possibility to move from the seed treatment into to foliar Spray (V4 –V6)

This procedure also avoid bacteria mortality

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+ =

Sinergy between 2 bacteria

CO-INOCULATION

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SYMBIOTIC

BACTERIASASSOCIATIVE FREE

LIVING BACTERIAS

Azospirillum brasilense

Legume plants(soybean, peanuts and dry beans)

RhizobiumBradyrhizobium

Various

crops

DIAZOTROFIC BACTERIA

Co-inoculation with Azospirillum and Bradyrhizobium results in

the early formation of nodules, and increases the number of

roots available to be infected by rhizobia, increasing the

number and weight of nodules.

(HUNGRIA et al., 2015) ”“

Auxin: AIA providing greater cell elongation

of nodules.

Roots development

Azospirillum is capable of producing AIA

in concentrations of the order of 10 to

100x lower than that required for the

plant.

+

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CO INOCULATION EXPERIMENTS

To evaluate co-inoculation efficiency on

soybean nodulation and yield

Researcher:

Prof. Alessandro Braccini

Institution:

UEM

Place:

Maringá/PR

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CO INOCULATION EXPERIMENTS

TREATMENTS DOSAGE (IN FURROW)

1 Control --

2 Masterfix®¹ 300 ml/ha

3

Masterfix®¹

+

Masterfix

Gramíneas®²

300 ml/ha¹ + 100 ml/ha²

4 300 ml/ha¹ + 200 ml/ha²

5 300 ml/ha¹ + 300 ml/ha²

6 300 ml/ha¹ + 400 ml/ha²

Treatments

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CO INOCULATION EXPERIMENTS

TREATMENTSDOSAGE

IN FURROW

NUMBER OF

NODULES

(MAIN ROOT)

1 Control -- 10.25

2 Masterfix®¹ 300 ml/ha¹ 21.5

3

Masterfix®¹

Masterfix® Gramíneas²

300 ml/ha¹

100 ml/ha²23.8

4300 ml/ha¹

200 ml/ha²24.5

5300 ml/ha¹

300 ml/ha²26

6300 ml/ha¹

400 ml/ha²26.3

Results

+11%

+12%

+21%

+22%

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CO INOCULATION EXPERIMENTS RESULTS

36094030

4380 4341 4458 4425

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Source: Prof. Braccini,2013 (Maringá/PR)

Control

300 ml/ha (furrow)

100 ml/ha

(furrow)

200 ml/ha

(furrow)

300 ml/ha

(furrow)

400 ml/ha

(furrow)

+350kg/ha

+428kg/ha

+395kg/ha

Yie

ld(K

g/ha)

+311kg/ha

How about Stress relief?

Max. yield Average

Yield

Average losses

(Kg/Ha)

abiótic

losses

Crop (Kg/Ha) (Kg/Ha) Biotics Abiotics (% max.

yield)

Corn 19.300 4.600 1.952 12.700 65,8

Wheat 14.500 1.880 726 11.900 82,1

Soybean 7.390 1.610 666 5.120 69,3

Sorgum 20.100 2.830 1.051 16.200 80,6

Oat 10.600 1.720 924 7.960 75,1

Barley 11.400 2.050 765 8.590 75,4

Potato 94.100 28.300 17.775 50.900 54,1

Sugar bet 121.000 42.600 17.100 61.300 50,7

Adaptado de: Buchanan, Gruissem and Jones. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plants, 2000.

COBALT

STRESS

S-Adenosil-

metionina

ETHYLENEÁcido 1-aminociclopropano-

1-carboxílico (ACC)

ACC sintase ACC oxidase

Epinasty (leaves face down)

Quickly senescence

Leaves, flowers and pods abortion

Root growth inhibition

x

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Damage caused by stress

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Ethylene production even in “normal conditions”

Wheeler et al, 2004

Ethylene is 10.000 x more toxic to plants than the

CO (carbono monoxide) is to human beings

To plants the damage level is 5 ppb

Metodologia: Contagem de 5 plantas aleatórias por tratamento (70 dias após a aplicação)

4

grãos/vage

m

3

grãos/vage

m

2

grãos/vage

m

Control

Evaluation

+ 1,4 sc/ha

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Conclusion

1. Inoculation can provide 100% of N for soybean crop, therefore the inoculante must be a good inoculant;

2. Some nutrients, like Co-Mo, can increase nodule activity and BNF eficiency;

3. The synergistic effect between Bradyrhizobium and Azospirilumprovides earlier and increased nodulation;

4. Stressful conditions reduce yield substancially, physiological tools increase flower and pod fixation..

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Stoller’s soybean portfólio

600ml/90kg of

seed 1st year

áreas*

*It is posible to reduce the dosage year after year inoculation

150ml/ha

or

1-2ml/kg seed 0,5 – 1L/ha

Thank you

(Obrigado!)