Stoller International Associates Conference€¦ · Robinvale, Victoria Stoller International...

Domenic Cavallaro

The Effect of Bio-HOLD on Almond and Avocado

Kernel and Fruit Numbers, Comparing Varying

Rates and Timing

Country: Australia

Email: [email protected]

Stoller International Associates Conference

Swan Hill, Victoria

Walker Flat

South Australia

Trial Locations


Almond and Avocado

Bio-HOLD Analysis

W/V

Total Nitrogen 6.0%

Potassium 3.0%

Cobalt 2.0%

Molybdenum 0.5%


Objectives: To determine the correct timing and rate

of Bio-HOLD applications in almonds.

Challenge: Almonds flowering occurs at the end of

winter to early spring during cool temperatures so

pollination and nut setting can be difficult. The industry

has also asked is there a way to increase yield?

Almonds


Harvest Sampling Method 1m2

Taken from

the non

machine

shaker side


Product Rate Timing

Control Normal orchard practices

Bio-HOLD

Treatment

Bio-HOLD

SETT/CaB

300 ml/ha

2.5

Litres/ha

First Spray: 10-50% flowering:

Bio-HOLD 300ml/ha Second Spray 50-100% flowering

Swan Hill Region


49% 51% 75%55% 56% 71%45% 40% 56%0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

NP Carmel Price

Perc

en

tag

e

% Fruit Retention

Control Average Bio-HOLD Average Commercial Orchard Average

Bio-HOLD on Almonds: Retention


Bio-HOLD on Almonds – 9 Years


277.59 272.85200

210

220

230

240

250

260

270

280

290

300

Control Bio-HOLD

Me

an

we

igh

t/2

00

ke

ren

ls(g

)(+

Std

Err

, n

=2

63

-29

3)

Treatments

Mean Weight of 200 Kernels

a a

Bio-HOLD on Almonds:

Harvest Results


Yield ROI

Control Average 4,000kg/ha

Bio-HOLD 4,240kg/ha 28:1

Bio-HOLD on Almonds:

Harvest Results


Product Rate Timing

Control:

Flower Power

Calcium

Chelate

3 L/ha

5 L/ha

1st application at 5%

Flowering

Zinc Chelate

SETT CaB

3 L/ha

5 L/ha

2nd application at 100%

flowering

Walker Flat – Control


Product Rate Timing

Control

Bio-HOLD Early

2x 300ml/ha

1st application at 5% Flowering2nd application at 100% flowering

Bio-HOLD Late 2x 300ml/ha

1st application at 100% flowering2nd application at shuckfall

Bio-HOLD Early

2x 600ml/ha

1st application at 5% Flowering2nd application at 100% flowering

Bio-HOLD Late 2x 600ml/ha

1st application at 100% flowering2nd application at shuckfall

Walker Flat – Treatments


29% 28% 29%31%

34%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

Control Bio-HOLD (300mLat 5% and 100%

flowering)

Bio-HOLD (600mLat 5% and 100%

flowering)

Bio-HOLD (300mLat 100% flowering

and shuckfall)

Bio-HOLD (600mLat 100% flowering

and shuckfall)

% Nuts Retained

Not Significant

Walker Flat – Nut Retention

October 2018


302.8 251.8 417.90

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Control Bio-HOLD Early Bio-HOLD Late

Kern

el (g

)

Treatments

Estimated Kernel Yield per m2 (300ml/ha of Bio-HOLD)

abb

17% Decrease

38% Increase

Walker Flat – Yield


Walker Flat – Kernel Weight

305.7 319.0 309.2285

290

295

300

305

310

315

320

325

330

335


Weig

ht p

er

200 k

ern

els

(g

)

Treatments

Mean 200 Kernel Weight (300ml/ha of Bio-HOLD)

b

4.4% Increase

1.2% Increase

a b


302.8 321.0 420.60

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500


Ke

rnel (g

)(+

Std

Err

, n

=1

0)

Treatments

Estimated Kernel Yield per m2 (600ml/ha of Bio-HOLD)

abb

6% Increase

39% Increase

Walker Flat – Yield


305.7 263.1 307.00

50

100

150

200

250

300

350


Weig

ht p

er

200 k

ern

els

(g

)(+

Std

Err

, n

=10)

Treatments

Mean 200 Kernel Weight (600ml/ha of Bio-HOLD)

13.9% Decrease

Walker Flat – Kernel Weight

a bb


Flowering Period –

Maximum Temperature

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

1st 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17th 19th 21st 23rd 25th 27th 29th 31st 2nd 4th 6th

August September

Max

imum

Tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

Daily Maximum Temperature

Robinvale Walker Flat Swan Hill

5%

Flowering

100%

Flowering Shuckfall

} 3oC} 3oC

} 2oC


Flowering Period – Rainfall

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

1st 3rd 5th 7th 9th 11th 13th 15th 17th 19th 21st 23rd 25th 27th 29th 31st 2nd 4th 6th

August September

Rai

nfa

ll (

mm

)

Daily Rainfall

Robinvale Walker Flat Swan Hill

Shuckfall5%

Flowering

100%

Flowering


Summary: Bio-HOLD on Almonds


Summary: Future Trials


Avocado


Objectives: To determine the correct timing and rate

of Bio-HOLD applications in avocadoes.

Challenge: Currently the industry use PGR such as

uniconazole-p on avocadoes to enhance fruit shape,

increase fruit size and reduction in vegetative growth.

The industry has reported that prolong use of PGR has

resulted in poor tree growth. The industry is looking

for alternative strategies such as Bio-HOLD.

Avocado


Avocado: Trial Location

Robinvale, Victoria


Avocado: Trial Treatment and

Timing

Treatment Product Rate Timing

1. Grower

Control

No PGR

2. SETT

Enhanced

alone

SETT

Enhanced

5L/ha 1st application at beginning of

flowering.

2nd application 10 days later.

3rd application 10 days after 2nd

application.

3. SETT

Enhanced +

Bio-HOLD

SETT

Enhanced

Bio-HOLD

5L/ha

250ml/h

a

SETT Enhanced and

Bio-HOLD to be applied together.

1st application at beginning of

flowering.

2nd application 10 days later.

3rd application 10 days after 2nd

application

Looking at alternatives to PGR as they have young trees and noticed poor root

growth from previous use of Sunny


Avocado: Timing of 1st

Assessment

September, 2018 December, 2018


157.4 226.6 245.60

50

100

150

200

250

300

Control SETT Enhanced SETT Enhanced + Bio-HOLD

Me

an

# f

ruit

pe

r tr

ee

Gro

un

d to

2m

hig

hAverage Number of Fruit per Tree December 2018

44% Increase56% Increase

Results were not found to be statistically different from each other.

Avocado: Results of 1st

Assessment


June, 2019December, 2018

Avocado: Timing of 2nd

Assessment


144.3 212.7 244.30

50

100

150

200

250

300


Me

an #

fru

it p

er

tre

eG

rou

nd

to

2m

hig

hAverage Number of Fruit per Tree June 2019

47% Increase

69% Increase

b ab a

P<0.05. SETT Enhanced + Bio-HOLD was statistically higher than the control.

Avocado: Results of 2nd

Assessment


Avocado Harvest August 2019

Mean Fruit Weight

182.1 166.3 165.80

50

100

150

200

250


We

igh

t p

er

fru

it (g

/fru

it)

Mean Fruit Weight (Harvest August 2019)

9% Less 9% Less

Results were not found to be statistically significant


Avocado Harvest August 2019

Mean Yield per Tree

26.3 35.3 40.50

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


Yiel

d p

er T

ree

(kg)

Mean Yield per Tree (Harvest August 2019)

35% Increase

54% Increase

abc

Different letters indicate results statistically significant from each other.


Summary: Bio-HOLD on Avocado

• SETT Enhanced at 5L/ha + Bio-HOLD at 300ml/ha with three

applications resulted in 69% more fruit setting over the control

and 22% over SETT Enhanced alone.

• Tree health maintained – trees visually looking greener and

better growth.

• Grower harvest results: Control with SETT Enhanced was 6,750

t/ha the addition of Bio-HOLD 7,350 t/ha. Difference of 600kg

/ha or 8.1%

• Grower return at $4.50/kg is A$2,700


Thank You!

Domenic Cavallaro

[email protected]


Date post:	15-Jun-2020
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