History of Architecture

Chapter 1 Stone Age

Stone Age

•Paleolithic

•Mesolithic

•Neolithic

from Greek: palaios - old and lithos - stone

"old stone age"

from Greek: mesos - middle and lithos – stone “Middle stone age"

from Greek: neo - New and lithos - stone

“New stone age"

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

Time Line

Stone Age - 2.5 million BCE to 2000 BCE

• Paleolithic •Lower - 2,500,000-200,000 BCE•Middle - 200,000-30,000 BCE•Upper - 40,000-10,000 BCE

• Mesolithic - In Europe, 10,000 - 4,000 BCE

• Neolithic - In Europe, 4,000 - 2,000 BCE

http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/prehistoric-art.html

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

Paleolithic • Lower Paleolithic - 2,500,000-200,000 BCE

• man was a food gatherer • crafting and use of stone tools • Mobile lifestyle

Acheulean Handaxes from Saint-Acheul, France. - Lower Paleolithic,

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

Paleolithic • Lower Paleolithic - 2,500,000-200,000 BCE

• Dwelling units

• Huts – Terra Amata (Nice, France),

Molodova I (Ukraine)

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

Huts – Terra Amata

• Size ranges from 8m (26ft) to 15m (49ft) in length by 4m (13ft) to 6m (19ft) by breadth.

• Stakes- set as palisades

• Braced on the outside by stones

• Built around a central fireplace

• Rebuilt every year

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

Huts – Molodova I

• Size ranges from 8m (26ft) in length by 5m (16ft) breadth.

• Wooden framework covered by animal skin and held in place by mammoth bones

• encloses 15 hearth

• Rebuilt every year

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

Paleolithic • Middle Paleolithic - 200,000-30,000 BCE

• Earliest anatomically modern humans appeared

• developing religious ideology

• Inter-group trade may have appeared during the Middle Paleolithic

• man was a food gatherer • crafting and use of stone

tools • Mobile lifestyle

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

Paleolithic • Middle Paleolithic - 200,000-30,000 BCE

• Dwelling units

•Lean to - Cave of Le Lazaret (Nice, France)

History of Architecture

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Lean to – cave of Lazaret

• measures 11m (36ft) by 3.5m (11ft)

• Wooden framework covered by animal skin and held down by stones

• Had an internal partition

• Had 2 entrances on the longer side.

• the larger of the two compartments had 2 hearth.

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

Paleolithic • Upper Paleolithic - 40,000-10,000 BCE

• This period has the earliest remains of organized settlements in the form of campsites, some with storage pits

• Artistic work blossomed, with Venus figurines, cave painting, and petroglyphs

• man was a food gatherer • Invention of the bow and

arrow • Mobile lifestyle

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

Paleolithic • Upper Paleolithic - 40,000-10,000 BCE

• Dwelling units

• Tents – Magdalenian (Plateau Parain in France)

• Tents – Magdalenian (Poggenwisch in Germany)

• Pit Houses - Pushkari, Russia

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

Tents – Magdalenian (Plateau Parain in France)

• Size 3m (10ft) by 3m (10ft)

• animal hide tent was suspended over a wooden framework and held down by stones.

• It included a central hearth.

• Stone tools were fond in the area around this site

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

Tents – Magdalenian (Poggenwisch)

• Magdalenian double tent from This structure was made by connecting two tents, each with its own hearth.

• The structure was anchored with stones.

History of Architecture

Chapter 1

Pit houses – Pushkari, Russia

• 2.5 m to 3.5m (8 ft -11ft) in width by 5m to 8m (16ft – 59 ft)

• This hut was built over a shallow depression

• Mammoth hides were drawn over the timber and anchored with bones and stones.

• It had three internal hearths.

History of Architecture

Chapter 1