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Michael StoreyPlanning and Insight Manager, Sydney Water Sydney WaterKeynote Address Sensors4Water. Assen, Netherlands 2013
Advances in On-Line Monitoring in the Global Water Industry
IntroductionState owned corporation
Drinking, wastewater, recycling
4.3 million customers
1.4 billion litres per day
70% residential
Warragamba Dam
Sydney Harbour
Introduction125 years, 2,900 staff
12,500 square kilometres
21,500 km water mains
23,500 km sewer mains
$35 billion replacement
Sydney Water’s Area of Operations
A Recent HistoryEnvironment (1990s)
Public Health (1998)
Water Scarcity (2006)
Climate Change (2010)
Efficiency (current)
‘Turn Back the Tide’
Cryptosporidium
Drought, algal blooms
1. Sensors and online monitors – the global state of play in the urban water industry
2. The future of the urban water industry – challenges and opportunities
Overview
2005
2007
1. Sensors and online monitors – the global state of play in the urban water industry
2. The future of the urban water industry – challenges and opportunities
Overview
EAWAG, Kastanienbaum
University of California, Berkeley
Sensors and Monitorsand their use in the global water industry
Global Water Research Coalition
– PUB (Singapore)
– UK Water Industry Research (UKWIR) (UK)
– SUEZ Environnement - CIRSEE (France)
– TZW – The German Water Center (Germany)
– KWR Water Cycle Research Institute
– U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Background
USEPA, Cincinnati Ohio
Kiwa Water Research Centre, Nieuwegein
Research organisations, universities,
technology companies, government
agencies
18 leading water utilities
– Europe (Vitens, Evides, Thames, SUEZ)
– United States (LA DPW, NY DEP, EB MUD)
– Singapore (PUB)
Background
Public Utilities Board (PUB), Singapore
Centre for Environmental
Sensing and Modelling
State-of-the-art
Business drivers
Utility experiences
Emerging technologies
Barriers to
implementation
Background
American Water, Voorhees New Jersey
EBMUDSan Francisco
Greater Cincinnati WW
Laboratory analysis
Sensitivity and specificity
Sampling – transport – analysis
- Cost
- Errors and contamination
- Limited information (variability)
- Not in real-time
Why Online Monitoring?
Suez-C.I.R.S.E.E., LePecq, Paris
Process control/optimisation
Regulatory (health and environment)
Event detection/response
Safety
Asset protection
Planning
Maintenance
Business Drivers
Eijsden monitoring station
Process control/optimisation - 100%
Regulatory (health and environment) - 77%
Event detection/response - 60%
Safety - 34%
Asset protection - 25%
Planning - 15%
Maintenance - 2%
Survey of 39 local (Australian) water utilities and suppliers
Business Drivers River Thames Fobney
Thames Water, Reading UK
Catchment to tap
Drinking water
– Raw (source) waters
– Treatment (process)
– Distribution system
Desalination
Utility Experiences
3Valleys Sunnymeads, River Thames UK
Catchment to receiving waters
Wastewater
– Sewer catchments (source)
– Treatment (process)
– Distribution system (recycled water)
– Receiving waters (natural environment)
Trade waste
Utility Experiences
Wastewater monitoring, Sydney Water
pH
Turbidity
Chlorine (free)
Dissolved O2
ORP
H2S
Online Monitors
Tucson Water, Arizona
Fluoride
Conductivity (TDS)
Particle
Alkalinity
Colour
UV Absorbance (UV254),
UV-Vis
Online Monitors
USEPA T&E Facility, Cincinnati
Colorimetric, photometric, titrimetric
Using standardised laboratory methods
NO3, NH3 and total N
PO4 and total P
TOC, COD
Chlorine (residual)
Batch Analysers
Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (EAWAG), Dubendorf
Continuous and batch techniques
Biological monitors
– bacteria, algae, daphnia, fish
Chemical monitors
– gas, liquid chromatography
Contaminant Monitoring
Lengg Lakewater Plant, Stadt Zürich Wasserversorgung
Recent DevelopmentsNew technologies for old parameters
Ion-selective electrodes (NH4+, NO3
-, F-, Cl-)
Luminescence (dissolved O2, pH)
UV spectroscopy (COD/TOC, NO3-, NH3, H2S)
Fluorescence (algae, chlorophyll, NOM)
Electrochemical (pH, EC)
Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW), Karlsruhe
Chip technologies – microsensor, nanotechnology
Biological and chemical contaminants
- Laser tweezers - Raman spectroscopy
- ELISA, DNA Microarrays
- Electronic nose and tongue
- Optical microsensors
- ChemLab Fibre optics
Emerging Technologies
Evides - Kaizersveer Monitoring Station, Meuse River
Remote Sensing
- Visual and infrared cameras
- Ground-station, aeroplanes,
satellites
- Light wavelengths to measure
water quality parameters (CO2,
salinity, chlorophyll)
Emerging Technologies
Center for Advanced Microbial Risk Assessment (CAMRA)
Tucson Arizona
Water Village
Water Security Initiative – DHS, USEPA
Event software, sensor placement
- Online monitoring stations (TOC, chlorine)
- Public health (syndromic) surveillance
- Field and laboratory analysis
- Enhanced security monitoring
- Customer complaints in real-time
USEPA Washington DC
Event Detection
Greater Cincinnati Waterworks, Ohio
Field-based monitoring method
Scope - demonstrate an effective early warning
mechanism
- review existing water quality information
- identify sensing technology development required
- develop a system for real-time collection of data
- deployment and application
Real-time Event Detection
Real-time Event Detection
Sudden matrix change
Real-time Event Detection
Assess risks to assets and workers
Sewage pump stations – key nodes
Real-time online information
- Liquid: pH, ORP, conductivity
- Gas: LEL%, H2S, TVOC
UV-Vis – organics, ammonia, ORP
Event-based auto-sampler - liquid & gas
Sewer Risk Management
ConclusionsTechnology is evolving
New technologies to measure ‘old’
parameters
Emerging technologies will evolve
Advances in hydraulic models and
sensor placement
No universal monitor, event detectionKaiser Brunner, Wiener Wasserwerk
ConclusionsExisting water quality issues
Data handling needs work
Data Information Action
Decontamination and restoration
DHS National Decontamination Facility, N. Kentucky
Integrate into existing operations
Inexpensive
Simple (handling, staff)
Maintenance (and support)
Robust
Environmental tolerance
Portable (i.e. power, weight)
ConclusionsAgency for Science and
Technology Research (A-STAR), Singapore
Centre for Advanced Water Technology (CAWT)
Integrate into existing operations
Reagents
Calibration
Stability
Reliability (alarms)
Non-destructive
Business benefits (dual purpose)
Conclusions
Los Angeles Department of Water and Power
■ Issue: Implementation of modern sensor technologies in water and wastewater is lagging behind; existing potential is not being fully exploited.
■ Barriers: true capabilities and user experience of water quality sensors (too) hard to find & benefits are unclear resulting in reluctance to deploy
■ Information Gathering: ■ document user experience (what works, what are the benefits...)■ facilitate communication between stakeholders■ online questionnaires, workshops, literature review, expert opinion■ in-depth case studies, detailed information from sensor manufacturers
■ Compendium: to be provided as a searchable web application at...www.wqsmc.org (available online Q4 2013)
A Compendium of Sensors and Monitors and their Use in the Global Water Industry
Challenges and Opportunitiesin the urban water industry
Jack Ann George
Jack is looking at Ann. Ann is looking at George.
Jack is married. George is not married.
Is a married person looking at an unmarried person?
a) Yes b) No c) Impossible to tell
Seven Global MegatrendsPopulation growth and urbanisation
Competition for natural resources
Emerging markets
Rise of the consumer
Technological change
Unstable political, economic environment
State-owned capitalism
Challenges and OpportunitiesSTEEP
Social
Technological
Economic
Environmental
Political
SWOT
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
External EnvironmentSocial
Increasing customer demands/expectations
Customer affordability and perceptions
Changing populations and demographics
Workforce – ageing, knowledge transfer
Customer feedback – crowd sourcing Urban development, Sydney
External EnvironmentTechnological
Change in information technology
Water treatment systems -
integrated, alternate water sources,
decentralised
Water treatment technologies -
membranes, pipe leakage, condition
assessment
External EnvironmentEconomic
Global finances
Efficiency and productivity
Process optimisation (raw
materials, nutrients, energy)
Non-regulated products and
services Steel manufacturing, Wollongong
External EnvironmentEnvironmental
Sustainability – liveable and
water-sensitive cities, source
water management,
renewable energy
Risk and resilience – climate
change adaptation, extreme
events Co-generation, Sydney Water
External EnvironmentPolitical
Political intervention
Increasing regulation
(finance, health and
environment)
Operating licence and
compliance targets Botany Bay, Sydney
Strengths & WeaknessesStrengths
Knowledge, skills and experience
Innovation in sensor technology
Weaknesses
Data handling and communications
Collaboration, poor leverage, duplication
Address existing water quality issues
Customer Service, Sydney Water
Opportunities & ThreatsOpportunities
Experiences of other utilities and industries
Low-cost technologies
New communications platforms - AMR
Microsensor, nanotechnology
Threats
Internal and external AMR, Cincinnati Ohio
Online monitoring in urban water
Collaboration
Look to other industries
Demonstrate benefits
Challenge existing paradigms
Conclusions
On-line monitoring, Sydney Water
Jack Ann George
Jack is looking at Ann. Ann is looking at George.
Jack is married. George is not married.
Is a married person looking at an unmarried person?
a) Yes b) No c) Impossible to tell
Bram Van der Gaag; Joep van den Boeke (Benten Water Solutions); Peter van der Maas
(WLN); Dr Mark Angles, Tung Nguyen (Sydney Water); Professor Huijun Zhao (Griffith
University); Adam Lovell (WSAA); Professor Nick Ashbolt (USEPA).
Acknowledgements
University of Technology, Delft; University of California, Berkeley; University of Arizona, Tucson; University of Cincinnati;
Polytechnic University, New York; National University, Singapore; SMART - NUS and MIT; Stadt Zürich
Wasserversorgung; Regensdorf Sewage Treatment Plant; Evides; Vitens; Severn Trent Water; 3Valleys; Thames Water;
Keisersveer Monitoring Station; Eijsden Monitoring Station; East Bay Municipal Utilities District (EBMUD); Los Angeles
Department Water and Power; Tucson Water Utility; Greater Cincinnati Waterworks; Department of Environmental
Protection, New York; American Water, New Jersey; PUB; Vienna Waterworks; Suez, Paris; Cytobuoy; S:CAN; MicroLan;
CNI Guard; Sandia National Laboratories; EAWAG, Zurich and Lucerne; KIWA Water Research; Suez-C.I.R.S.E.E.,
LePecq. UKWIR; WETSUS; Water Research Centre, UK; Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW); Centre for Advancing
Microbial Risk Assessment (CAMRA); Water Village, Tucson; Global Water Research Coalition (GWRC); National Water
Research Institute; American Water Works Association (AWWA); International Water Association (IWA), Den Haag;
International Water Association, Singapore; Centre for Advanced Water Technology, Waterhub; Environment Agency, UK;
UNESCO; Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM); California Department of Public Health (CDPH); US
Environmental Protection Agency – Cincinnati; US Environment Protection Agency - Washington; DHS Decontamination
Facility; Department of Homeland Security, Washington; ORSANCO; A-STAR, Singapore.
Acknowledgements
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Questions?
48