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Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela...

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Story of South Africa It’s European Invasion and Struggle with Apartheid
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Page 1: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

Story of South Africa

•It’s European Invasion and Struggle with Apartheid

Page 2: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

SS7H1C: Explain the creation and end of apartheid in South Africa and the roles of Nelson Mandela and F. W. DeKlerk

• Essential Questions???

• What events led up to apartheid?

• What is apartheid? What was its purpose?

• How were the black South Africans treated and how does it compare to the treatment of the black Americans prior and during the Civil Rights Movement?

Page 3: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

SS7CG3: The student will analyze how politics in Africa impacts the standard of living

• How did apartheid impact the standard of living of black South Africans in contrast to the standard of living of white South Africans?

Page 4: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

1652• The Dutch settled the Cape Colony in Southern Africa.

• Over time they considered themselves more African than European and called themselves Afrikaners. They considered themselves superior to native Africans and used them as slaves until the early 1800s when the British took control of the Cape Colony and abolished slavery.

Early 1800s in Southern AfricaAfter defeating the black South Africans, the Afrikaners had migrated north of the Orange River, known as the Great Trek, due to the British presence in the Cape Colony.

Page 5: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

1899-1902▪ Large quantities of gold were found by the Afrikaners and coincided with the British discovering diamonds in southern Africa in 1867.

▪ The riches, along with the colonial movement in general, led to the British crossing over the Orange River resulting in the Boer War of 1899-1902.

3 generations of Boers

Page 6: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

Afrikaners/Boers

• The Afrikaners were originally called Boers (“farmers”) because many Dutch settlers of the old Cape Colony became frontier farmers.

• They established self-sufficient communities, developed their own language and were committed to a policy of apartheid.

• They fought a bitter war with the British ( Boer War, 1899–1902) over the right to govern the frontier territories. Though defeated, they retained their old language and culture and eventually attained politically the power they had failed to win militarily.

Page 7: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

Boer War• Native Africans fought alongside the

British due to their abolishment of slavery.

• The British won the Boer War and after a few years of negotiation with the Afrikaners, combined four colonies (2 Dutch and 2 British) into the Union of South Africa in 1910.

• Even though it was a republic, the black South Africans had no rights.

Page 8: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

1948• The 1948 election brought a new political

party to power in South Africa and the policy of apartheid took a strong hold in the country.

• Whites held 80 percent of the land, even though they represented only 10 percent of the population.

Page 9: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

1950• The Population Registration Act of 1950,

implementated of the policy of aparthied, later referred to as "separate development."

• The act put all South Africans into three racial categories: Bantu (black African), White, or Colored (of mixed race). A fourth category, Asian (Indians and Pakistanis), was added later.

Page 10: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

1952• In 1952, the Bantu Authorities Act created

“homelands” for black South Africans, who were assigned by origin to artificially created parts of South Africa.

• The classifications were frequently inaccurate and as a result of this law, nine million South Africans were excluded from any role in governing South Africa.

Page 11: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

Afrikaner Nationalists’ policies

• The system of apartheid was enforced by a series of laws passed in the 1950s: the Group Areas Act of 1950 assigned races to different residential and business sections in urban areas

• The Land Acts of 1954 and 1955 restricted nonwhite residence to specific areas. These laws further restricted the already limited right of black Africans to own land, entrenching the white minority's control of over 80 percent of South African land.

• Other laws prohibited most social interaction between the races; enforced the segregation of public facilities, including educational; created race-specific jobs; limited the powers of nonwhite unions; and minimized nonwhite participation in government.

Page 12: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

1961• In May, the South Africans voted for and

gained their independence from Britain.

• It took several more decades, and a change in government leaders before blacks began to have a role in government

Page 13: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

A segregated beach in South Africa, 1982.

Page 14: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

A Black South African shows his passbook issued by the Government. Blacks were required to carry passes that determined where they could live and work.

Page 15: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

Houses in Soweto, a

black township in

the “homelands.”

Page 16: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

A girl looking through a window of her shack in Cross Roads, 1978.

Page 17: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

Segregated public facilities in Johannesburg, 1985.

Page 18: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

Young, black South Africans looking in on a game of soccer at an all-white school in Johannesburg. Government spending, about 10 times more for white children than for black, clearly showed the inequality designed to give whites more economic and political power. Poorly trained teachers, overcrowded classrooms, and inadequate recreational facilities were normal for black children, if in fact they had any schooling available at all.

Page 19: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he
Page 20: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

Young coal miners in South Africa in 1988.

Page 21: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

A number of black political groups, often supported by sympathetic whites, opposed apartheid using a variety of tactics, including violence, strikes, demonstrations, and sabotage - strategies that often met with severe consequences from the government.

Page 22: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

The numbers don’t lie . . .

Population

Land allocation

Share of national income

Minimum taxable income

Doctors/population

Infant mortality rate

Annual expenditure on education per student

Teacher/student ratio

Blacks Whites19 million 4.5 million

13% 87%

<20% 75%

360 rands 750 rands

1/44,000 1/400

20%-40% 2.7%

$45 $696

1/60 1/22

Page 23: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

Assessment 1: Create a protest poster.• You are a black South African and you are

protesting against Apartheid. • On your poster tell 4 things that the Afrikaners

are doing that are restricting your rights as a black South African. (25 points for each correctly explained event/right.)

• Include an illustration of each event. Make it colorful and creative! You want to draw people’s attention.

• Due: Tuesday Dec. 9, 2014

Page 24: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

SS7H1C: Explain the roles of Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk

in South Africa

• What did F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela do to end apartheid?

• What were their roles in the new government?

Page 25: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

Nelson Mandela• Many people, known as political prisoners,

were arrested for their resistance to apartheid.

• The most famous prisoner was Nelson Mandela, a leader in the nationalistic African National Congress (ANC) who was arrested in 1962.

• Mandela was sentenced to life in prison in 1964 for treason and sabotage.

• He emerged as the international symbol of resistance to apartheid, and the world community demanded his release.

Page 26: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

F.W. de Klerk• In 1976, students in Soweto staged a

peaceful protest against learning Afrikaans, the language of white South Africans.

• The protest grew throughout schools in the city, and in June of that year, police shot into a crowd of students who had thrown stones at them.

• The rebellion that grew from those shootings continued until 1990 when President F.W. de Klerk ended the ban on th ANC and released some political prisoners, including Nelson Mandela.

Page 27: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela

• President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed.

• In 1993, he and Nelson Mandela were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for moving the country peacefully to nonracial democracy.

• Mandela was elected president of South Africa in 1994 and held that office through 1999.

Page 28: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

Nelson Mandela

Page 29: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

When Nelson Mandela and South African President F.W. De Klerk began their historic negotiations to end apartheid, each man professed respect for the other.

Page 30: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

Nelson Mandela and F.W. De Klerk won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993.

Page 31: Story of South Africa - Home - Polk School District · F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela •President de Klerk had a major role in having the apartheid laws repealed. •In 1993, he

Assignment 2: Write a newspaper article• You are living in South Africa at the time of the

abolishment (outlawing) of apartheid. Write a newspaper article describing what Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk are doing to create equal rights.

• Describe what rights the black South Africans now have due to the new republic and abolishment of apartheid.

• Include an illustration (picture) and a headline announcing the “main idea” of your article. (10 pts)

• Article needs to be at least 3 paragraphs long. (1st = life like under apartheid (30 pts), 2nd = Mandela’s role in abolishing apartheid (30 pts), 3rd= DeKlerk’s role in abolishing apartheid (30 pts).

Due: ____________


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