14
Landscape gardener Straightforward information and practical tips to help you sort health and safety
Landscape gardenerStraightforward information and practical tips to help you sort health and safety
02
Who are weThe Institution of OccupationalSafety and Health is the Charteredbody for health and safetyprofessionals We were founded in1945 and are a registered charityFind out more at wwwioshcouk
Here to helpIf you have a question or wantinformation on an issue yoursquorefacing get in touch with IOSH on+44 (0)116 257 3199 ortechinfoioshcouk Our helplineis completely free
Landscape gardener
Yoursquoll find this guide helpful if you- own or manage a small landscape gardening business - work as a landscape gardener or maintain gardens for aliving
This guide will help you with health and safety It gives you
straightforward information and practical tips It tells you
what you need to do to make sure you donrsquot break the law
and how to protect yourself anyone who works for you your
customers and your reputation It also shows you where to go
to get more information if you need it
Did you knowIn a single year more than 50 self-employed people died fromworkplace injuries
No-one is saying that landscapegardening or garden maintenance is arisky business But at the end of theday if things go wrong itrsquos yourlivelihood or business that will sufferYoursquoll find that you already do ndash or
plan to do ndash a lot of whatrsquos coveredand much of it is common senseLooking after health and safety is justpart of managing a business wellDone properly you could see it savemoney too
wwwioshcouksafestartup 03
By law you must
In the UK the law applies to all businesses large or small If yoursquore
self-employed or an employer then you are responsible for the
health and safety of your business The law is there to make sure
you have a safe working environment and cut down the risk of
you your staff (if you have any) contractors customers or
members of the public getting ill or injured So by law you must
As an employer you have to appointsomeone who knows about health andsafety This could be- yourself if you have a health andsafety qualification knowledge andexperience
- one or more of your staff if they arequalified or you get them trained
- someone from outside the business
If yoursquore not confident aboutmanaging health and safety in-housethen you may need to call in someexternal help or advice
Even if you donrsquot employ any staffdonrsquot forget that legally you havewhatrsquos called a lsquoduty of carersquo to anyonewho is affected by what you do for aliving ndash from a contractor to a memberof the public
hellipget some help with your health and safety duties
Did you knowGood health and safety saves cash youcan save pound12 for every pound1 you spend
- Find out more at wwwhsegovukbusinesscompetent-advicehtm
- Download the HSE leaflet lsquoGetting specialist help with health and safetyrsquo atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg420pdf
- Get guidance on getting professional advice atwwwioshcoukinformation_and_resourcesneed_professional_adviceaspx
- Find out about our free enquiry service atwwwioshcoukinformation_and_resourcesinformation_help_lineaspx
- Download our free guide on getting help with health and safety atwwwioshcouktechguide
Find out more
Find out more
By law you must
If you employ five or more people partor full time you have to have a writtenpolicy
The policy should describe how yoursquollmanage health and safety It lets yourstaff and others know that you have aserious commitment to keeping on topof risks as part of your business Itshould clearly state who does whatwhen and how
Your policy doesnrsquot have to take you longto write or be lengthy or complicatedDownload the template listed in lsquoFind outmorersquo and complete it or use it as aguide to write your own
Your policy shouldnrsquot just be a piece oflifeless paperwork ndash itrsquos designed tohelp you manage health and safetyproperly It will only be effective if youand your staff are aware of it andfollow what it says Yoursquoll need toreview it every now and then to reflectany changes ndash just make a note in yourcalendar say once a year Yoursquoll alsoneed to see if it needs updating iftherersquos been a major change forexample to the way you work orwhere you work
You must consider and manage anyrisks where you work or connectedwith what you do
This is a straightforward processKnown as lsquorisk assessmentrsquo it involvesthinking about what you do in yourbusiness that could harm people ndash youyour staff (if you have them)contractors or your customers ormembers of the public ndash and whatyoursquore going to do to try to stop ithappening
In your line of work you will probablylook at things like- powered tools and equipment- lifting and carrying heavy tools ormaterials
- handling chemicals- sun exposure
There may be more but these are themain areas yoursquore most likely to needto focus on ndash we look at these four ina bit more detail on page 09
Risk assessments arenrsquot about piles ofpaperwork just sensible actions tocontrol the risks The law doesnrsquotexpect you to remove all risks but itdoes expect you to control themYoursquore probably doing most of thisalready as part of day-to-daymanagement ndash but your riskassessment will help you see if whatyoursquore doing is enough or if you needto do more
hellipwrite a health and safety policy for your business
hellipmanage the risk in your business
- Download a policy template at wwwhsegovukriskrisk-assessment-and-policy-templatedoc
- Look at an example of a policy atwwwhsegovukriskhealth-and-safety-policy-exampledoc
- Look at templates and examples at wwwhsegovukriskrisk-assessment-and-policy-templatedoc
- Look at risk assessment case studies at wwwhsegovukriskcasestudies
- Use our free risk assessment tool at wwwioshroutefindercouk
Find out more
04 wwwioshcouksafestartup
Did you knowOne person is seriously injured atwork every 17 minutes
By law you must
helliptalk to your employees
hellipgive training and information
If you employ anyone you need toconsult them on health and safetyAgain itrsquos not complicated ndash you cando this by listening and talking to themabout- health and safety and the workthey do
- how risks are controlled- the best ways of giving informationand training
This is a two-way thing Let your staffraise concerns and give their opinionson decisions Afterall theyrsquore often thebest people to understand the risksinvolved in their work ndash and talking tothem about it lets them know that youtake their health and safety seriously
- Find out more atwwwhsegovukinvolvementdoyourbit
Find out more
in working hours and you canrsquotcharge employees for it Keepingtraining records will help remind youwhen refreshers are due
Make sure that everyone hasinformation on- hazards and risks they may face ndashfor your business bad backs are atypical risk for example ndash have alook at page 10 for more details
- whatrsquos in place to deal with hazardsand risks
- what to do in an emergency
If you have staff they need to knowhow to work safely and without riskingtheir health You must give clearinstructions information and trainingDonrsquot forget to include temporaryworkers
Training could include for examplelifting and carrying safely and usingchemicals in the right way Not alltraining needs to be formal orexpensive ndash for example you couldgive some basic training in informalsessions yourself based on yourknowledge and experience Rememberthat health and safety training must be
- Download a guide on health and safety training at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg345pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 05
Make sure you allow enough time foryou or your staff to have breaks whenout and about You and your teammay need to take a rest break in thecar or van To be hygienic itrsquos a goodidea to have some basic washingfacilities handy for example hand gelsthat donrsquot need water or a container ofclean water
You also need to make sure that whereyou store equipment and chemicalsthere is- good ventilation ndash with fresh cleanair
- a comfortable working temperature - lighting suitable for the work beingcarried out
- enough space to work in- a clean environment with binsprovided for rubbish
If you employ people you need tothink about facilities Some of theselegal requirements will sound obviousbut itrsquos a good idea to check to makesure that yoursquove covered the welfarebasics
You need to provide- toilet and washing facilities- drinking water- somewhere to store clothing and tochange if your staff need to wearprotective clothing for the job theydo ndash remember you need to supplythe protective clothing
- somewhere to rest and eat meals
In your job yoursquoll be very mobileworking on sites or at your clientrsquosproperties so you probably wonrsquot haveeasy access to facilities
By law you must
helliphave the right facilities
You need to keep your workplace safeby maintaining and servicing your workequipment ndash we look at this in moredetail on page 09
As your work is mainly outside youneed to give staff weather-protectiveclothing such as waterproof coats andtrousers You may need to provide hatsto protect from sun exposure
Did you knowOne small company was finedpound3500 in court because it didnrsquothave adequate washing facilities foremployees who were at risk ofgetting dermatitis
- Download a guide on workplace health safety and welfare at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg244pdf
- Find out more about the risks of poor facilities at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesfacilitieshtm
Find out more
06
You have to organise first aidarrangements where you work If youemploy people yoursquore responsible formaking sure they get attentionstraightaway if they get ill or injured
If yoursquore self-employed with no staffyou need to have a first aid kit
If you have staff you must have- a stocked first aid box- an lsquoappointed personrsquo to takecharge ndash someone who co-ordinates first aid where you workrestocks the box when necessary
By law you must
- You can get copies of the poster and pocket cards fromwwwhsegovukpubnsbookslawposterhtm
Find out more
hellipplan for first aid accidents and ill health
If you employ anyone you must eitherdisplay this poster or give eachmember of staff the pocket cardversion The poster outlines UK healthand safety law and includes a simplelist that tells employers what they and
their employees need to do There isalso space on it for you to name yourhealth and safety representatives ifyou have any and health and safetycontacts for example your localenvironmental health office
hellipdisplay the health and safety law poster
and calls an ambulance if neededThis person doesnrsquot have to be atrained first aider
- information for employees givingdetails of what yoursquove organised forfirst aid
You may decide that you needsomeone trained in first aid Your firstaid assessment will highlight this ndash youjust need to consider your situationand write down anything significantalong with what you plan to do to dealwith it For example think about howfar away from your nearest surgery or
- Get information on first aid at wwwhsegovukfirstaid and a leaflet onfirst aid from wwwhsegovukpubnsindg214pdf
- Find out what needs reporting and how atwwwhsegovukriddorindexhtm
- Buy an accident book from the HSE at bookshsegovuk or record thedetails in your own system
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 07
Did you knowFour people are killed every weekat work
hospital you could be and whetherany of your staff have complex medicalconditions
By law you must report and keep arecord of certain accidents incidentsand illness
By law you must
Find out more
- Download information on employersrsquo liability insurance atwwwhsegovukpubnshse40pdf
- Find out more on insurance atwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness15310pdf andwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness40507pdf
hellipget insurance for your business
If you have employees yoursquoll probablyneed employersrsquo liability insurance Itprotects you against any costs ofcompensation in claims made againstyou by an employee if they get injuredor ill and itrsquos caused by your business
There may be other types of cover youneed such as public liability businessuse for vehicles or specific insurance tocover accidental damage your workcould cause for example by fallingbranches when yoursquore pruning
hellipkeep your business up to date
Keeping up with news anddevelopments in your sector will helpyou keep your health and safety policyand risk assessments up to date Yoursquollfind help through trade unionsemployersrsquo organisations Business Linkand trade associations
- Read IOSH news and sign up to RSS news feeds at wwwioshcouknews
- Subscribe to free ebulletins at wwwhsegovuknewssubscribe
- Get podcasts from wwwhsegovukpodcasts
- Get SMS text alerts to your mobile from wwwhsegovuksms
Find out more
08 wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
Wersquove covered some of the
basic things you need to do
to comply with the law Here
we look at some specific
issues and legal duties
relevant to your work
Powered tools andequipmentGardening and landscaping equipmentwith powered mechanisms and bladescan be dangerous You must useequipment in the right way Equipmentsupplied in the UK will have a CEcertification to show it complies withvarious European standards You andany staff or contractors will need to beaware of the supplierrsquos operatinginstructions Make sure that yourequipment has the appropriate guardsand safety features and wear thepersonal protective equipment (PPE)suggested by the supplier Donrsquot betempted to modify or override anysafety features for example lawnmower controls ndash theyrsquore there for agood reason
If you use petrol or diesel-poweredequipment think about how andwhere you store both the kit and thefuel and how to ventilate fumes
Yoursquoll need to make sure that yourelectrical equipment isnrsquot designedsolely for domestic use Make sure youcheck and maintain electricalequipment especially as itrsquos likely to bemoved around a lot and used outsideYou may want to consider hiringequipment from a reputable supplier asitrsquos their responsibility to make sure theequipment is maintained and testedand thatrsquos one less headache for you
Think about the noise generated bypowered equipment Mostlawnmowers and strimmers now comewith an indication of the decibels theygenerate ndash if itrsquos higher than 80 dBAthen yoursquoll need to use hearingprotection Remember that damage ndashfrom tinnitus to hearing loss ndash canhappen gradually over a period ofexposure so itrsquos best to prevent itbefore it starts
Did you knowAround 20000 people every yearare diagnosed with hearing lossbecause of their work
- Download a guide on reducing the risks associated with work equipment and tools atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg229pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working with unguarded tools atwwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesguardshtm
- Look at FAQs on working with electricity at wwwhsegovukelectricityfaqhtm
- Look for more information on protecting your hearing atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg363pdf
- Find out more about the risks of vibrating power tools at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakestoolshtm
- Get more on controlling risks from vibration at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg175pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 09
Of course itrsquos not just noise that cancause a problem with poweredequipment ndash you or your team candevelop permanent disabling injuriesfrom vibrations using power tools likestrimmers and trimmers day in dayout Conditions like vibration whitefinger where sufferersrsquo hands becomenumb struggle to grip and are moresensitive to temperature changes canbe painful and disabling Always checkwhat the manufacturer or supplierrecommends
If you move heavy and bulky itemswrongly you can end up with a seriousinjury mainly to your back Yoursquoremost likely to injure yourself if you usetoo much force to lift lower push pullor carry an object and if the item isheavier than you can manage Workingin an awkward position when trying tolift or carry things can also causeproblems And if you or someone whoworks for you has an existing or earlierinjury that can lead to more painfulhealth conditions including lower backpain joint injuries and repetitive straininjuries such as bursitis or tendinitis
Remember that if yoursquore working on yourown or as part of a small team itrsquos toughto keep on top of all the work if you ora key team member canrsquot pull theirweight because of a bad back Try to
- bend your knees and not your back- use some sort of ramp or morethan one person to lift heavyequipment out of a trailer or van
- move heavy materials with atrolley or wheelbarrow or split theload up
- wear gloves if what yoursquore movingis difficult to grip
- clear your route before you movesomething heavy and make surethere is actually somewhere to putyour load down
- watch out for wet or muddypathways that mean you slip whilelifting or moving equipment ormaterials
- avoid twisting while carrying orlifting something heavy
- if yoursquore the boss make sure yourstaff have the right training
Issues to think about
Lifting and carrying
10
- Use a guide to help you cut the risks involved withmoving heavy or bulky objects by hand ndash download itat wwwhsegovukpubnsindg398pdf
- Find out more about the damage you could do if youdonrsquot lift and move things safely atwwwhsegovukmsdindexhtm
Find out more
Did you knowMusculoskeletal disorders ndash fromback pain to sore wrists ndash affect onemillion people every year
A lot of the weedkillers and pesticidesyou use can be harmful but they canbe used safely as long as you followthe instructions from the manufactureror supplier Itrsquos important to use thepersonal protective equipment theyrecommend (eg gloves or a mask) andto follow basic hygiene rules washingor rinsing your hands after usingchemicals and especially before eatingand even before going to the toilet
Some chemicals can burn the skin orhave more long-lasting effects ndash certainchemicals and oils can cause cancer ndashso itrsquos very important to read theinformation that comes with theproducts yoursquore using If you do end upwashing your hands frequently youmight need to use a moisturiser to helpprevent dermatitis
You need to make a list of anysubstances used at work ndash not just theproducts yoursquod use in the gardens buteven cleaning products like bleach oroils too You also need to know whatcan happen if products are spilledaccidentally mixed or splashed ontoskin or into the eyes This is easier thanit sounds ndash most products will have alsquosafety data sheetrsquo that lists storage
disposal and first aid requirements andtheyrsquore free from the manufacturer (ifyou donrsquot have any just ask for them)You might need a simple lsquospill kitrsquo ofsand and a dustpan and brush
Yoursquoll need to do a basic riskassessment of key activities such asstoring mixing and disposing ofchemicals ndash think about whatchemicals yoursquore using who could beharmed if things go wrong and whatprecautions you should take to stoppeople getting hurt
Take care when you handle powdersTry not to create a lot of dust that youmight breathe in and always handlechemicals in a well ventilated areaStore your chemicals properly incorrectly labelled containers ndash whitepowders without labels can look verysimilar If you canrsquot read the label or itgets damaged you could accidentallymix chemicals that react together andbecome more harmful for examplegiving off toxic gases
Find out about disposing of your wastechemicals ndash you may not be allowed topour them down surface water orwastewater drains under environmentallegislation Depending on thequantities of chemicals yoursquore carryingin your van or truck you may evenneed a transport licence from theEnvironment Agency
Itrsquos worth looking to see whatrsquos new onthe market ndash there are products whichcan help cut down your exposure (egready-made solutions rather thanpowders) If you have staff you needto train them and make sure theyfollow safety guidelines and take theprecautions you tell them about
Issues to think about
Handling chemicals
Did you knowThere are 40000 new cases ofoccupational dermatitis the painfulskin condition diagnosed every year
- Find out about working with hazardous substances atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg136pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup11
12
Issues to think about
Did you knowFive thousand cancer cases a yearare caused by exposure to the sunfor those who work mostly outside
People who work outside for a livingwithout protecting themselves fromthe effects of the sun are more likely toget skin cancer Most cases are verytreatable ndash but it is also easilypreventable
You and any people who work for youneed to keep areas of skin covered toprotect it from the harmful effects ofthe sun ndash wear loose clothing thatallows ventilation but make sure it
doesnrsquot get caught in the equipmentyou use It makes sense to wear a capor hat to protect your head and face
You can also use sun block ndash but readthe instructions and make sure youapply it properly and frequentlyWearing heavy duty sun block is moreand more common for peoplespending long periods outside ndash thinkof top level sports like cricket Drinkplenty of fluids in hot weather
Sun exposure
- Find out more about the risks of sun exposure andhow to deal with it atwwwhsegovukskinsunprotecthtm
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
You also need to consider
- Download a guide on preventing slips and trips atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg225pdf
- Find more guidance on using ladders safely atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg402pdf
- Get advice on working outside atwwwhsegovuktemperatureoutdoorhtm
- Find out more about safe driving at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg382pdf
- Get more information about working with contractors atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg368pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working on your own atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg73pdf
- Download our lsquoGoing it alonersquo guide for a quick overview of things to thinkabout when working on your own at wwwioshcouksafestartup
Find out more
Did you knowInjuries caused by slips or trips costemployers more than pound500 million ayear
13
- Slips trips and falls ndash keep whereyoursquore working tidy to cut downthe risk of a damaging accident
- Falls from height ndash when youhave to use a ladder to prune or lopbranches make sure itrsquos secure ndash ifyou canrsquot ask someone to foot ityou could tie it in place before youstart work Make sure you can workwithout stretching ndash itrsquos a commoncause of accidents
- Bad weather ndash weather conditionscan cause problems to many outsidetrades If you or your team canrsquotavoid working in bad weather tryto cut down the time spent in poorconditions for example workingunder shelter You should also takeregular breaks and wear suitableclothing Remember that someequipment will have limitations incertain weather conditions ndash checkwhat the manufacturer says
- Driving ndash donrsquot forget to thinkabout driving for work as part ofyour safety planning The effect ofan accident on a small business orself-employed individual ndash from acollision to materials falling off amoving vehicle ndash is likely to begreater than on a larger businesswith better resources Plan eachjourney allow plenty of time andmake sure your equipment andanything else you load up is securebefore you set off
- Contractors ndash you may work withor take on contractors Make surethey have the right skills andknowledge to do their job safelyand that they understand whatperformance you expect Explainyour site health and safety rules tothem (for example what to do inan emergency looking after toolsproperly) and if you have a policymake sure they understand and
This IOSH guide is designed as an introduction to health and safety basics for low risk businesses and is not intended to give exhaustive coverageof the subject We encourage all employers and business owners to find out more about the detailed legal requirements affecting your businessat wwwhsegovuk
follow it Donrsquot forget that you canbe held legally responsible for whatyour contractors do or donrsquot do
- Working on your own ndash alwaystake your mobile phone with youand try to let a friend or relativeknow where yoursquore planning to goeach day
Did you knowA third of all fall-from-heightaccidents involve ladders orstepladders ndash 14 people are killedand 1200 suffer major injuries a year
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
02
Who are weThe Institution of OccupationalSafety and Health is the Charteredbody for health and safetyprofessionals We were founded in1945 and are a registered charityFind out more at wwwioshcouk
Here to helpIf you have a question or wantinformation on an issue yoursquorefacing get in touch with IOSH on+44 (0)116 257 3199 ortechinfoioshcouk Our helplineis completely free
Landscape gardener
Yoursquoll find this guide helpful if you- own or manage a small landscape gardening business - work as a landscape gardener or maintain gardens for aliving
This guide will help you with health and safety It gives you
straightforward information and practical tips It tells you
what you need to do to make sure you donrsquot break the law
and how to protect yourself anyone who works for you your
customers and your reputation It also shows you where to go
to get more information if you need it
Did you knowIn a single year more than 50 self-employed people died fromworkplace injuries
No-one is saying that landscapegardening or garden maintenance is arisky business But at the end of theday if things go wrong itrsquos yourlivelihood or business that will sufferYoursquoll find that you already do ndash or
plan to do ndash a lot of whatrsquos coveredand much of it is common senseLooking after health and safety is justpart of managing a business wellDone properly you could see it savemoney too
wwwioshcouksafestartup 03
By law you must
In the UK the law applies to all businesses large or small If yoursquore
self-employed or an employer then you are responsible for the
health and safety of your business The law is there to make sure
you have a safe working environment and cut down the risk of
you your staff (if you have any) contractors customers or
members of the public getting ill or injured So by law you must
As an employer you have to appointsomeone who knows about health andsafety This could be- yourself if you have a health andsafety qualification knowledge andexperience
- one or more of your staff if they arequalified or you get them trained
- someone from outside the business
If yoursquore not confident aboutmanaging health and safety in-housethen you may need to call in someexternal help or advice
Even if you donrsquot employ any staffdonrsquot forget that legally you havewhatrsquos called a lsquoduty of carersquo to anyonewho is affected by what you do for aliving ndash from a contractor to a memberof the public
hellipget some help with your health and safety duties
Did you knowGood health and safety saves cash youcan save pound12 for every pound1 you spend
- Find out more at wwwhsegovukbusinesscompetent-advicehtm
- Download the HSE leaflet lsquoGetting specialist help with health and safetyrsquo atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg420pdf
- Get guidance on getting professional advice atwwwioshcoukinformation_and_resourcesneed_professional_adviceaspx
- Find out about our free enquiry service atwwwioshcoukinformation_and_resourcesinformation_help_lineaspx
- Download our free guide on getting help with health and safety atwwwioshcouktechguide
Find out more
Find out more
By law you must
If you employ five or more people partor full time you have to have a writtenpolicy
The policy should describe how yoursquollmanage health and safety It lets yourstaff and others know that you have aserious commitment to keeping on topof risks as part of your business Itshould clearly state who does whatwhen and how
Your policy doesnrsquot have to take you longto write or be lengthy or complicatedDownload the template listed in lsquoFind outmorersquo and complete it or use it as aguide to write your own
Your policy shouldnrsquot just be a piece oflifeless paperwork ndash itrsquos designed tohelp you manage health and safetyproperly It will only be effective if youand your staff are aware of it andfollow what it says Yoursquoll need toreview it every now and then to reflectany changes ndash just make a note in yourcalendar say once a year Yoursquoll alsoneed to see if it needs updating iftherersquos been a major change forexample to the way you work orwhere you work
You must consider and manage anyrisks where you work or connectedwith what you do
This is a straightforward processKnown as lsquorisk assessmentrsquo it involvesthinking about what you do in yourbusiness that could harm people ndash youyour staff (if you have them)contractors or your customers ormembers of the public ndash and whatyoursquore going to do to try to stop ithappening
In your line of work you will probablylook at things like- powered tools and equipment- lifting and carrying heavy tools ormaterials
- handling chemicals- sun exposure
There may be more but these are themain areas yoursquore most likely to needto focus on ndash we look at these four ina bit more detail on page 09
Risk assessments arenrsquot about piles ofpaperwork just sensible actions tocontrol the risks The law doesnrsquotexpect you to remove all risks but itdoes expect you to control themYoursquore probably doing most of thisalready as part of day-to-daymanagement ndash but your riskassessment will help you see if whatyoursquore doing is enough or if you needto do more
hellipwrite a health and safety policy for your business
hellipmanage the risk in your business
- Download a policy template at wwwhsegovukriskrisk-assessment-and-policy-templatedoc
- Look at an example of a policy atwwwhsegovukriskhealth-and-safety-policy-exampledoc
- Look at templates and examples at wwwhsegovukriskrisk-assessment-and-policy-templatedoc
- Look at risk assessment case studies at wwwhsegovukriskcasestudies
- Use our free risk assessment tool at wwwioshroutefindercouk
Find out more
04 wwwioshcouksafestartup
Did you knowOne person is seriously injured atwork every 17 minutes
By law you must
helliptalk to your employees
hellipgive training and information
If you employ anyone you need toconsult them on health and safetyAgain itrsquos not complicated ndash you cando this by listening and talking to themabout- health and safety and the workthey do
- how risks are controlled- the best ways of giving informationand training
This is a two-way thing Let your staffraise concerns and give their opinionson decisions Afterall theyrsquore often thebest people to understand the risksinvolved in their work ndash and talking tothem about it lets them know that youtake their health and safety seriously
- Find out more atwwwhsegovukinvolvementdoyourbit
Find out more
in working hours and you canrsquotcharge employees for it Keepingtraining records will help remind youwhen refreshers are due
Make sure that everyone hasinformation on- hazards and risks they may face ndashfor your business bad backs are atypical risk for example ndash have alook at page 10 for more details
- whatrsquos in place to deal with hazardsand risks
- what to do in an emergency
If you have staff they need to knowhow to work safely and without riskingtheir health You must give clearinstructions information and trainingDonrsquot forget to include temporaryworkers
Training could include for examplelifting and carrying safely and usingchemicals in the right way Not alltraining needs to be formal orexpensive ndash for example you couldgive some basic training in informalsessions yourself based on yourknowledge and experience Rememberthat health and safety training must be
- Download a guide on health and safety training at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg345pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 05
Make sure you allow enough time foryou or your staff to have breaks whenout and about You and your teammay need to take a rest break in thecar or van To be hygienic itrsquos a goodidea to have some basic washingfacilities handy for example hand gelsthat donrsquot need water or a container ofclean water
You also need to make sure that whereyou store equipment and chemicalsthere is- good ventilation ndash with fresh cleanair
- a comfortable working temperature - lighting suitable for the work beingcarried out
- enough space to work in- a clean environment with binsprovided for rubbish
If you employ people you need tothink about facilities Some of theselegal requirements will sound obviousbut itrsquos a good idea to check to makesure that yoursquove covered the welfarebasics
You need to provide- toilet and washing facilities- drinking water- somewhere to store clothing and tochange if your staff need to wearprotective clothing for the job theydo ndash remember you need to supplythe protective clothing
- somewhere to rest and eat meals
In your job yoursquoll be very mobileworking on sites or at your clientrsquosproperties so you probably wonrsquot haveeasy access to facilities
By law you must
helliphave the right facilities
You need to keep your workplace safeby maintaining and servicing your workequipment ndash we look at this in moredetail on page 09
As your work is mainly outside youneed to give staff weather-protectiveclothing such as waterproof coats andtrousers You may need to provide hatsto protect from sun exposure
Did you knowOne small company was finedpound3500 in court because it didnrsquothave adequate washing facilities foremployees who were at risk ofgetting dermatitis
- Download a guide on workplace health safety and welfare at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg244pdf
- Find out more about the risks of poor facilities at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesfacilitieshtm
Find out more
06
You have to organise first aidarrangements where you work If youemploy people yoursquore responsible formaking sure they get attentionstraightaway if they get ill or injured
If yoursquore self-employed with no staffyou need to have a first aid kit
If you have staff you must have- a stocked first aid box- an lsquoappointed personrsquo to takecharge ndash someone who co-ordinates first aid where you workrestocks the box when necessary
By law you must
- You can get copies of the poster and pocket cards fromwwwhsegovukpubnsbookslawposterhtm
Find out more
hellipplan for first aid accidents and ill health
If you employ anyone you must eitherdisplay this poster or give eachmember of staff the pocket cardversion The poster outlines UK healthand safety law and includes a simplelist that tells employers what they and
their employees need to do There isalso space on it for you to name yourhealth and safety representatives ifyou have any and health and safetycontacts for example your localenvironmental health office
hellipdisplay the health and safety law poster
and calls an ambulance if neededThis person doesnrsquot have to be atrained first aider
- information for employees givingdetails of what yoursquove organised forfirst aid
You may decide that you needsomeone trained in first aid Your firstaid assessment will highlight this ndash youjust need to consider your situationand write down anything significantalong with what you plan to do to dealwith it For example think about howfar away from your nearest surgery or
- Get information on first aid at wwwhsegovukfirstaid and a leaflet onfirst aid from wwwhsegovukpubnsindg214pdf
- Find out what needs reporting and how atwwwhsegovukriddorindexhtm
- Buy an accident book from the HSE at bookshsegovuk or record thedetails in your own system
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 07
Did you knowFour people are killed every weekat work
hospital you could be and whetherany of your staff have complex medicalconditions
By law you must report and keep arecord of certain accidents incidentsand illness
By law you must
Find out more
- Download information on employersrsquo liability insurance atwwwhsegovukpubnshse40pdf
- Find out more on insurance atwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness15310pdf andwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness40507pdf
hellipget insurance for your business
If you have employees yoursquoll probablyneed employersrsquo liability insurance Itprotects you against any costs ofcompensation in claims made againstyou by an employee if they get injuredor ill and itrsquos caused by your business
There may be other types of cover youneed such as public liability businessuse for vehicles or specific insurance tocover accidental damage your workcould cause for example by fallingbranches when yoursquore pruning
hellipkeep your business up to date
Keeping up with news anddevelopments in your sector will helpyou keep your health and safety policyand risk assessments up to date Yoursquollfind help through trade unionsemployersrsquo organisations Business Linkand trade associations
- Read IOSH news and sign up to RSS news feeds at wwwioshcouknews
- Subscribe to free ebulletins at wwwhsegovuknewssubscribe
- Get podcasts from wwwhsegovukpodcasts
- Get SMS text alerts to your mobile from wwwhsegovuksms
Find out more
08 wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
Wersquove covered some of the
basic things you need to do
to comply with the law Here
we look at some specific
issues and legal duties
relevant to your work
Powered tools andequipmentGardening and landscaping equipmentwith powered mechanisms and bladescan be dangerous You must useequipment in the right way Equipmentsupplied in the UK will have a CEcertification to show it complies withvarious European standards You andany staff or contractors will need to beaware of the supplierrsquos operatinginstructions Make sure that yourequipment has the appropriate guardsand safety features and wear thepersonal protective equipment (PPE)suggested by the supplier Donrsquot betempted to modify or override anysafety features for example lawnmower controls ndash theyrsquore there for agood reason
If you use petrol or diesel-poweredequipment think about how andwhere you store both the kit and thefuel and how to ventilate fumes
Yoursquoll need to make sure that yourelectrical equipment isnrsquot designedsolely for domestic use Make sure youcheck and maintain electricalequipment especially as itrsquos likely to bemoved around a lot and used outsideYou may want to consider hiringequipment from a reputable supplier asitrsquos their responsibility to make sure theequipment is maintained and testedand thatrsquos one less headache for you
Think about the noise generated bypowered equipment Mostlawnmowers and strimmers now comewith an indication of the decibels theygenerate ndash if itrsquos higher than 80 dBAthen yoursquoll need to use hearingprotection Remember that damage ndashfrom tinnitus to hearing loss ndash canhappen gradually over a period ofexposure so itrsquos best to prevent itbefore it starts
Did you knowAround 20000 people every yearare diagnosed with hearing lossbecause of their work
- Download a guide on reducing the risks associated with work equipment and tools atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg229pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working with unguarded tools atwwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesguardshtm
- Look at FAQs on working with electricity at wwwhsegovukelectricityfaqhtm
- Look for more information on protecting your hearing atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg363pdf
- Find out more about the risks of vibrating power tools at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakestoolshtm
- Get more on controlling risks from vibration at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg175pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 09
Of course itrsquos not just noise that cancause a problem with poweredequipment ndash you or your team candevelop permanent disabling injuriesfrom vibrations using power tools likestrimmers and trimmers day in dayout Conditions like vibration whitefinger where sufferersrsquo hands becomenumb struggle to grip and are moresensitive to temperature changes canbe painful and disabling Always checkwhat the manufacturer or supplierrecommends
If you move heavy and bulky itemswrongly you can end up with a seriousinjury mainly to your back Yoursquoremost likely to injure yourself if you usetoo much force to lift lower push pullor carry an object and if the item isheavier than you can manage Workingin an awkward position when trying tolift or carry things can also causeproblems And if you or someone whoworks for you has an existing or earlierinjury that can lead to more painfulhealth conditions including lower backpain joint injuries and repetitive straininjuries such as bursitis or tendinitis
Remember that if yoursquore working on yourown or as part of a small team itrsquos toughto keep on top of all the work if you ora key team member canrsquot pull theirweight because of a bad back Try to
- bend your knees and not your back- use some sort of ramp or morethan one person to lift heavyequipment out of a trailer or van
- move heavy materials with atrolley or wheelbarrow or split theload up
- wear gloves if what yoursquore movingis difficult to grip
- clear your route before you movesomething heavy and make surethere is actually somewhere to putyour load down
- watch out for wet or muddypathways that mean you slip whilelifting or moving equipment ormaterials
- avoid twisting while carrying orlifting something heavy
- if yoursquore the boss make sure yourstaff have the right training
Issues to think about
Lifting and carrying
10
- Use a guide to help you cut the risks involved withmoving heavy or bulky objects by hand ndash download itat wwwhsegovukpubnsindg398pdf
- Find out more about the damage you could do if youdonrsquot lift and move things safely atwwwhsegovukmsdindexhtm
Find out more
Did you knowMusculoskeletal disorders ndash fromback pain to sore wrists ndash affect onemillion people every year
A lot of the weedkillers and pesticidesyou use can be harmful but they canbe used safely as long as you followthe instructions from the manufactureror supplier Itrsquos important to use thepersonal protective equipment theyrecommend (eg gloves or a mask) andto follow basic hygiene rules washingor rinsing your hands after usingchemicals and especially before eatingand even before going to the toilet
Some chemicals can burn the skin orhave more long-lasting effects ndash certainchemicals and oils can cause cancer ndashso itrsquos very important to read theinformation that comes with theproducts yoursquore using If you do end upwashing your hands frequently youmight need to use a moisturiser to helpprevent dermatitis
You need to make a list of anysubstances used at work ndash not just theproducts yoursquod use in the gardens buteven cleaning products like bleach oroils too You also need to know whatcan happen if products are spilledaccidentally mixed or splashed ontoskin or into the eyes This is easier thanit sounds ndash most products will have alsquosafety data sheetrsquo that lists storage
disposal and first aid requirements andtheyrsquore free from the manufacturer (ifyou donrsquot have any just ask for them)You might need a simple lsquospill kitrsquo ofsand and a dustpan and brush
Yoursquoll need to do a basic riskassessment of key activities such asstoring mixing and disposing ofchemicals ndash think about whatchemicals yoursquore using who could beharmed if things go wrong and whatprecautions you should take to stoppeople getting hurt
Take care when you handle powdersTry not to create a lot of dust that youmight breathe in and always handlechemicals in a well ventilated areaStore your chemicals properly incorrectly labelled containers ndash whitepowders without labels can look verysimilar If you canrsquot read the label or itgets damaged you could accidentallymix chemicals that react together andbecome more harmful for examplegiving off toxic gases
Find out about disposing of your wastechemicals ndash you may not be allowed topour them down surface water orwastewater drains under environmentallegislation Depending on thequantities of chemicals yoursquore carryingin your van or truck you may evenneed a transport licence from theEnvironment Agency
Itrsquos worth looking to see whatrsquos new onthe market ndash there are products whichcan help cut down your exposure (egready-made solutions rather thanpowders) If you have staff you needto train them and make sure theyfollow safety guidelines and take theprecautions you tell them about
Issues to think about
Handling chemicals
Did you knowThere are 40000 new cases ofoccupational dermatitis the painfulskin condition diagnosed every year
- Find out about working with hazardous substances atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg136pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup11
12
Issues to think about
Did you knowFive thousand cancer cases a yearare caused by exposure to the sunfor those who work mostly outside
People who work outside for a livingwithout protecting themselves fromthe effects of the sun are more likely toget skin cancer Most cases are verytreatable ndash but it is also easilypreventable
You and any people who work for youneed to keep areas of skin covered toprotect it from the harmful effects ofthe sun ndash wear loose clothing thatallows ventilation but make sure it
doesnrsquot get caught in the equipmentyou use It makes sense to wear a capor hat to protect your head and face
You can also use sun block ndash but readthe instructions and make sure youapply it properly and frequentlyWearing heavy duty sun block is moreand more common for peoplespending long periods outside ndash thinkof top level sports like cricket Drinkplenty of fluids in hot weather
Sun exposure
- Find out more about the risks of sun exposure andhow to deal with it atwwwhsegovukskinsunprotecthtm
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
You also need to consider
- Download a guide on preventing slips and trips atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg225pdf
- Find more guidance on using ladders safely atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg402pdf
- Get advice on working outside atwwwhsegovuktemperatureoutdoorhtm
- Find out more about safe driving at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg382pdf
- Get more information about working with contractors atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg368pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working on your own atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg73pdf
- Download our lsquoGoing it alonersquo guide for a quick overview of things to thinkabout when working on your own at wwwioshcouksafestartup
Find out more
Did you knowInjuries caused by slips or trips costemployers more than pound500 million ayear
13
- Slips trips and falls ndash keep whereyoursquore working tidy to cut downthe risk of a damaging accident
- Falls from height ndash when youhave to use a ladder to prune or lopbranches make sure itrsquos secure ndash ifyou canrsquot ask someone to foot ityou could tie it in place before youstart work Make sure you can workwithout stretching ndash itrsquos a commoncause of accidents
- Bad weather ndash weather conditionscan cause problems to many outsidetrades If you or your team canrsquotavoid working in bad weather tryto cut down the time spent in poorconditions for example workingunder shelter You should also takeregular breaks and wear suitableclothing Remember that someequipment will have limitations incertain weather conditions ndash checkwhat the manufacturer says
- Driving ndash donrsquot forget to thinkabout driving for work as part ofyour safety planning The effect ofan accident on a small business orself-employed individual ndash from acollision to materials falling off amoving vehicle ndash is likely to begreater than on a larger businesswith better resources Plan eachjourney allow plenty of time andmake sure your equipment andanything else you load up is securebefore you set off
- Contractors ndash you may work withor take on contractors Make surethey have the right skills andknowledge to do their job safelyand that they understand whatperformance you expect Explainyour site health and safety rules tothem (for example what to do inan emergency looking after toolsproperly) and if you have a policymake sure they understand and
This IOSH guide is designed as an introduction to health and safety basics for low risk businesses and is not intended to give exhaustive coverageof the subject We encourage all employers and business owners to find out more about the detailed legal requirements affecting your businessat wwwhsegovuk
follow it Donrsquot forget that you canbe held legally responsible for whatyour contractors do or donrsquot do
- Working on your own ndash alwaystake your mobile phone with youand try to let a friend or relativeknow where yoursquore planning to goeach day
Did you knowA third of all fall-from-heightaccidents involve ladders orstepladders ndash 14 people are killedand 1200 suffer major injuries a year
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
wwwioshcouksafestartup 03
By law you must
In the UK the law applies to all businesses large or small If yoursquore
self-employed or an employer then you are responsible for the
health and safety of your business The law is there to make sure
you have a safe working environment and cut down the risk of
you your staff (if you have any) contractors customers or
members of the public getting ill or injured So by law you must
As an employer you have to appointsomeone who knows about health andsafety This could be- yourself if you have a health andsafety qualification knowledge andexperience
- one or more of your staff if they arequalified or you get them trained
- someone from outside the business
If yoursquore not confident aboutmanaging health and safety in-housethen you may need to call in someexternal help or advice
Even if you donrsquot employ any staffdonrsquot forget that legally you havewhatrsquos called a lsquoduty of carersquo to anyonewho is affected by what you do for aliving ndash from a contractor to a memberof the public
hellipget some help with your health and safety duties
Did you knowGood health and safety saves cash youcan save pound12 for every pound1 you spend
- Find out more at wwwhsegovukbusinesscompetent-advicehtm
- Download the HSE leaflet lsquoGetting specialist help with health and safetyrsquo atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg420pdf
- Get guidance on getting professional advice atwwwioshcoukinformation_and_resourcesneed_professional_adviceaspx
- Find out about our free enquiry service atwwwioshcoukinformation_and_resourcesinformation_help_lineaspx
- Download our free guide on getting help with health and safety atwwwioshcouktechguide
Find out more
Find out more
By law you must
If you employ five or more people partor full time you have to have a writtenpolicy
The policy should describe how yoursquollmanage health and safety It lets yourstaff and others know that you have aserious commitment to keeping on topof risks as part of your business Itshould clearly state who does whatwhen and how
Your policy doesnrsquot have to take you longto write or be lengthy or complicatedDownload the template listed in lsquoFind outmorersquo and complete it or use it as aguide to write your own
Your policy shouldnrsquot just be a piece oflifeless paperwork ndash itrsquos designed tohelp you manage health and safetyproperly It will only be effective if youand your staff are aware of it andfollow what it says Yoursquoll need toreview it every now and then to reflectany changes ndash just make a note in yourcalendar say once a year Yoursquoll alsoneed to see if it needs updating iftherersquos been a major change forexample to the way you work orwhere you work
You must consider and manage anyrisks where you work or connectedwith what you do
This is a straightforward processKnown as lsquorisk assessmentrsquo it involvesthinking about what you do in yourbusiness that could harm people ndash youyour staff (if you have them)contractors or your customers ormembers of the public ndash and whatyoursquore going to do to try to stop ithappening
In your line of work you will probablylook at things like- powered tools and equipment- lifting and carrying heavy tools ormaterials
- handling chemicals- sun exposure
There may be more but these are themain areas yoursquore most likely to needto focus on ndash we look at these four ina bit more detail on page 09
Risk assessments arenrsquot about piles ofpaperwork just sensible actions tocontrol the risks The law doesnrsquotexpect you to remove all risks but itdoes expect you to control themYoursquore probably doing most of thisalready as part of day-to-daymanagement ndash but your riskassessment will help you see if whatyoursquore doing is enough or if you needto do more
hellipwrite a health and safety policy for your business
hellipmanage the risk in your business
- Download a policy template at wwwhsegovukriskrisk-assessment-and-policy-templatedoc
- Look at an example of a policy atwwwhsegovukriskhealth-and-safety-policy-exampledoc
- Look at templates and examples at wwwhsegovukriskrisk-assessment-and-policy-templatedoc
- Look at risk assessment case studies at wwwhsegovukriskcasestudies
- Use our free risk assessment tool at wwwioshroutefindercouk
Find out more
04 wwwioshcouksafestartup
Did you knowOne person is seriously injured atwork every 17 minutes
By law you must
helliptalk to your employees
hellipgive training and information
If you employ anyone you need toconsult them on health and safetyAgain itrsquos not complicated ndash you cando this by listening and talking to themabout- health and safety and the workthey do
- how risks are controlled- the best ways of giving informationand training
This is a two-way thing Let your staffraise concerns and give their opinionson decisions Afterall theyrsquore often thebest people to understand the risksinvolved in their work ndash and talking tothem about it lets them know that youtake their health and safety seriously
- Find out more atwwwhsegovukinvolvementdoyourbit
Find out more
in working hours and you canrsquotcharge employees for it Keepingtraining records will help remind youwhen refreshers are due
Make sure that everyone hasinformation on- hazards and risks they may face ndashfor your business bad backs are atypical risk for example ndash have alook at page 10 for more details
- whatrsquos in place to deal with hazardsand risks
- what to do in an emergency
If you have staff they need to knowhow to work safely and without riskingtheir health You must give clearinstructions information and trainingDonrsquot forget to include temporaryworkers
Training could include for examplelifting and carrying safely and usingchemicals in the right way Not alltraining needs to be formal orexpensive ndash for example you couldgive some basic training in informalsessions yourself based on yourknowledge and experience Rememberthat health and safety training must be
- Download a guide on health and safety training at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg345pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 05
Make sure you allow enough time foryou or your staff to have breaks whenout and about You and your teammay need to take a rest break in thecar or van To be hygienic itrsquos a goodidea to have some basic washingfacilities handy for example hand gelsthat donrsquot need water or a container ofclean water
You also need to make sure that whereyou store equipment and chemicalsthere is- good ventilation ndash with fresh cleanair
- a comfortable working temperature - lighting suitable for the work beingcarried out
- enough space to work in- a clean environment with binsprovided for rubbish
If you employ people you need tothink about facilities Some of theselegal requirements will sound obviousbut itrsquos a good idea to check to makesure that yoursquove covered the welfarebasics
You need to provide- toilet and washing facilities- drinking water- somewhere to store clothing and tochange if your staff need to wearprotective clothing for the job theydo ndash remember you need to supplythe protective clothing
- somewhere to rest and eat meals
In your job yoursquoll be very mobileworking on sites or at your clientrsquosproperties so you probably wonrsquot haveeasy access to facilities
By law you must
helliphave the right facilities
You need to keep your workplace safeby maintaining and servicing your workequipment ndash we look at this in moredetail on page 09
As your work is mainly outside youneed to give staff weather-protectiveclothing such as waterproof coats andtrousers You may need to provide hatsto protect from sun exposure
Did you knowOne small company was finedpound3500 in court because it didnrsquothave adequate washing facilities foremployees who were at risk ofgetting dermatitis
- Download a guide on workplace health safety and welfare at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg244pdf
- Find out more about the risks of poor facilities at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesfacilitieshtm
Find out more
06
You have to organise first aidarrangements where you work If youemploy people yoursquore responsible formaking sure they get attentionstraightaway if they get ill or injured
If yoursquore self-employed with no staffyou need to have a first aid kit
If you have staff you must have- a stocked first aid box- an lsquoappointed personrsquo to takecharge ndash someone who co-ordinates first aid where you workrestocks the box when necessary
By law you must
- You can get copies of the poster and pocket cards fromwwwhsegovukpubnsbookslawposterhtm
Find out more
hellipplan for first aid accidents and ill health
If you employ anyone you must eitherdisplay this poster or give eachmember of staff the pocket cardversion The poster outlines UK healthand safety law and includes a simplelist that tells employers what they and
their employees need to do There isalso space on it for you to name yourhealth and safety representatives ifyou have any and health and safetycontacts for example your localenvironmental health office
hellipdisplay the health and safety law poster
and calls an ambulance if neededThis person doesnrsquot have to be atrained first aider
- information for employees givingdetails of what yoursquove organised forfirst aid
You may decide that you needsomeone trained in first aid Your firstaid assessment will highlight this ndash youjust need to consider your situationand write down anything significantalong with what you plan to do to dealwith it For example think about howfar away from your nearest surgery or
- Get information on first aid at wwwhsegovukfirstaid and a leaflet onfirst aid from wwwhsegovukpubnsindg214pdf
- Find out what needs reporting and how atwwwhsegovukriddorindexhtm
- Buy an accident book from the HSE at bookshsegovuk or record thedetails in your own system
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 07
Did you knowFour people are killed every weekat work
hospital you could be and whetherany of your staff have complex medicalconditions
By law you must report and keep arecord of certain accidents incidentsand illness
By law you must
Find out more
- Download information on employersrsquo liability insurance atwwwhsegovukpubnshse40pdf
- Find out more on insurance atwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness15310pdf andwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness40507pdf
hellipget insurance for your business
If you have employees yoursquoll probablyneed employersrsquo liability insurance Itprotects you against any costs ofcompensation in claims made againstyou by an employee if they get injuredor ill and itrsquos caused by your business
There may be other types of cover youneed such as public liability businessuse for vehicles or specific insurance tocover accidental damage your workcould cause for example by fallingbranches when yoursquore pruning
hellipkeep your business up to date
Keeping up with news anddevelopments in your sector will helpyou keep your health and safety policyand risk assessments up to date Yoursquollfind help through trade unionsemployersrsquo organisations Business Linkand trade associations
- Read IOSH news and sign up to RSS news feeds at wwwioshcouknews
- Subscribe to free ebulletins at wwwhsegovuknewssubscribe
- Get podcasts from wwwhsegovukpodcasts
- Get SMS text alerts to your mobile from wwwhsegovuksms
Find out more
08 wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
Wersquove covered some of the
basic things you need to do
to comply with the law Here
we look at some specific
issues and legal duties
relevant to your work
Powered tools andequipmentGardening and landscaping equipmentwith powered mechanisms and bladescan be dangerous You must useequipment in the right way Equipmentsupplied in the UK will have a CEcertification to show it complies withvarious European standards You andany staff or contractors will need to beaware of the supplierrsquos operatinginstructions Make sure that yourequipment has the appropriate guardsand safety features and wear thepersonal protective equipment (PPE)suggested by the supplier Donrsquot betempted to modify or override anysafety features for example lawnmower controls ndash theyrsquore there for agood reason
If you use petrol or diesel-poweredequipment think about how andwhere you store both the kit and thefuel and how to ventilate fumes
Yoursquoll need to make sure that yourelectrical equipment isnrsquot designedsolely for domestic use Make sure youcheck and maintain electricalequipment especially as itrsquos likely to bemoved around a lot and used outsideYou may want to consider hiringequipment from a reputable supplier asitrsquos their responsibility to make sure theequipment is maintained and testedand thatrsquos one less headache for you
Think about the noise generated bypowered equipment Mostlawnmowers and strimmers now comewith an indication of the decibels theygenerate ndash if itrsquos higher than 80 dBAthen yoursquoll need to use hearingprotection Remember that damage ndashfrom tinnitus to hearing loss ndash canhappen gradually over a period ofexposure so itrsquos best to prevent itbefore it starts
Did you knowAround 20000 people every yearare diagnosed with hearing lossbecause of their work
- Download a guide on reducing the risks associated with work equipment and tools atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg229pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working with unguarded tools atwwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesguardshtm
- Look at FAQs on working with electricity at wwwhsegovukelectricityfaqhtm
- Look for more information on protecting your hearing atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg363pdf
- Find out more about the risks of vibrating power tools at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakestoolshtm
- Get more on controlling risks from vibration at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg175pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 09
Of course itrsquos not just noise that cancause a problem with poweredequipment ndash you or your team candevelop permanent disabling injuriesfrom vibrations using power tools likestrimmers and trimmers day in dayout Conditions like vibration whitefinger where sufferersrsquo hands becomenumb struggle to grip and are moresensitive to temperature changes canbe painful and disabling Always checkwhat the manufacturer or supplierrecommends
If you move heavy and bulky itemswrongly you can end up with a seriousinjury mainly to your back Yoursquoremost likely to injure yourself if you usetoo much force to lift lower push pullor carry an object and if the item isheavier than you can manage Workingin an awkward position when trying tolift or carry things can also causeproblems And if you or someone whoworks for you has an existing or earlierinjury that can lead to more painfulhealth conditions including lower backpain joint injuries and repetitive straininjuries such as bursitis or tendinitis
Remember that if yoursquore working on yourown or as part of a small team itrsquos toughto keep on top of all the work if you ora key team member canrsquot pull theirweight because of a bad back Try to
- bend your knees and not your back- use some sort of ramp or morethan one person to lift heavyequipment out of a trailer or van
- move heavy materials with atrolley or wheelbarrow or split theload up
- wear gloves if what yoursquore movingis difficult to grip
- clear your route before you movesomething heavy and make surethere is actually somewhere to putyour load down
- watch out for wet or muddypathways that mean you slip whilelifting or moving equipment ormaterials
- avoid twisting while carrying orlifting something heavy
- if yoursquore the boss make sure yourstaff have the right training
Issues to think about
Lifting and carrying
10
- Use a guide to help you cut the risks involved withmoving heavy or bulky objects by hand ndash download itat wwwhsegovukpubnsindg398pdf
- Find out more about the damage you could do if youdonrsquot lift and move things safely atwwwhsegovukmsdindexhtm
Find out more
Did you knowMusculoskeletal disorders ndash fromback pain to sore wrists ndash affect onemillion people every year
A lot of the weedkillers and pesticidesyou use can be harmful but they canbe used safely as long as you followthe instructions from the manufactureror supplier Itrsquos important to use thepersonal protective equipment theyrecommend (eg gloves or a mask) andto follow basic hygiene rules washingor rinsing your hands after usingchemicals and especially before eatingand even before going to the toilet
Some chemicals can burn the skin orhave more long-lasting effects ndash certainchemicals and oils can cause cancer ndashso itrsquos very important to read theinformation that comes with theproducts yoursquore using If you do end upwashing your hands frequently youmight need to use a moisturiser to helpprevent dermatitis
You need to make a list of anysubstances used at work ndash not just theproducts yoursquod use in the gardens buteven cleaning products like bleach oroils too You also need to know whatcan happen if products are spilledaccidentally mixed or splashed ontoskin or into the eyes This is easier thanit sounds ndash most products will have alsquosafety data sheetrsquo that lists storage
disposal and first aid requirements andtheyrsquore free from the manufacturer (ifyou donrsquot have any just ask for them)You might need a simple lsquospill kitrsquo ofsand and a dustpan and brush
Yoursquoll need to do a basic riskassessment of key activities such asstoring mixing and disposing ofchemicals ndash think about whatchemicals yoursquore using who could beharmed if things go wrong and whatprecautions you should take to stoppeople getting hurt
Take care when you handle powdersTry not to create a lot of dust that youmight breathe in and always handlechemicals in a well ventilated areaStore your chemicals properly incorrectly labelled containers ndash whitepowders without labels can look verysimilar If you canrsquot read the label or itgets damaged you could accidentallymix chemicals that react together andbecome more harmful for examplegiving off toxic gases
Find out about disposing of your wastechemicals ndash you may not be allowed topour them down surface water orwastewater drains under environmentallegislation Depending on thequantities of chemicals yoursquore carryingin your van or truck you may evenneed a transport licence from theEnvironment Agency
Itrsquos worth looking to see whatrsquos new onthe market ndash there are products whichcan help cut down your exposure (egready-made solutions rather thanpowders) If you have staff you needto train them and make sure theyfollow safety guidelines and take theprecautions you tell them about
Issues to think about
Handling chemicals
Did you knowThere are 40000 new cases ofoccupational dermatitis the painfulskin condition diagnosed every year
- Find out about working with hazardous substances atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg136pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup11
12
Issues to think about
Did you knowFive thousand cancer cases a yearare caused by exposure to the sunfor those who work mostly outside
People who work outside for a livingwithout protecting themselves fromthe effects of the sun are more likely toget skin cancer Most cases are verytreatable ndash but it is also easilypreventable
You and any people who work for youneed to keep areas of skin covered toprotect it from the harmful effects ofthe sun ndash wear loose clothing thatallows ventilation but make sure it
doesnrsquot get caught in the equipmentyou use It makes sense to wear a capor hat to protect your head and face
You can also use sun block ndash but readthe instructions and make sure youapply it properly and frequentlyWearing heavy duty sun block is moreand more common for peoplespending long periods outside ndash thinkof top level sports like cricket Drinkplenty of fluids in hot weather
Sun exposure
- Find out more about the risks of sun exposure andhow to deal with it atwwwhsegovukskinsunprotecthtm
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
You also need to consider
- Download a guide on preventing slips and trips atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg225pdf
- Find more guidance on using ladders safely atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg402pdf
- Get advice on working outside atwwwhsegovuktemperatureoutdoorhtm
- Find out more about safe driving at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg382pdf
- Get more information about working with contractors atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg368pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working on your own atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg73pdf
- Download our lsquoGoing it alonersquo guide for a quick overview of things to thinkabout when working on your own at wwwioshcouksafestartup
Find out more
Did you knowInjuries caused by slips or trips costemployers more than pound500 million ayear
13
- Slips trips and falls ndash keep whereyoursquore working tidy to cut downthe risk of a damaging accident
- Falls from height ndash when youhave to use a ladder to prune or lopbranches make sure itrsquos secure ndash ifyou canrsquot ask someone to foot ityou could tie it in place before youstart work Make sure you can workwithout stretching ndash itrsquos a commoncause of accidents
- Bad weather ndash weather conditionscan cause problems to many outsidetrades If you or your team canrsquotavoid working in bad weather tryto cut down the time spent in poorconditions for example workingunder shelter You should also takeregular breaks and wear suitableclothing Remember that someequipment will have limitations incertain weather conditions ndash checkwhat the manufacturer says
- Driving ndash donrsquot forget to thinkabout driving for work as part ofyour safety planning The effect ofan accident on a small business orself-employed individual ndash from acollision to materials falling off amoving vehicle ndash is likely to begreater than on a larger businesswith better resources Plan eachjourney allow plenty of time andmake sure your equipment andanything else you load up is securebefore you set off
- Contractors ndash you may work withor take on contractors Make surethey have the right skills andknowledge to do their job safelyand that they understand whatperformance you expect Explainyour site health and safety rules tothem (for example what to do inan emergency looking after toolsproperly) and if you have a policymake sure they understand and
This IOSH guide is designed as an introduction to health and safety basics for low risk businesses and is not intended to give exhaustive coverageof the subject We encourage all employers and business owners to find out more about the detailed legal requirements affecting your businessat wwwhsegovuk
follow it Donrsquot forget that you canbe held legally responsible for whatyour contractors do or donrsquot do
- Working on your own ndash alwaystake your mobile phone with youand try to let a friend or relativeknow where yoursquore planning to goeach day
Did you knowA third of all fall-from-heightaccidents involve ladders orstepladders ndash 14 people are killedand 1200 suffer major injuries a year
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
Find out more
By law you must
If you employ five or more people partor full time you have to have a writtenpolicy
The policy should describe how yoursquollmanage health and safety It lets yourstaff and others know that you have aserious commitment to keeping on topof risks as part of your business Itshould clearly state who does whatwhen and how
Your policy doesnrsquot have to take you longto write or be lengthy or complicatedDownload the template listed in lsquoFind outmorersquo and complete it or use it as aguide to write your own
Your policy shouldnrsquot just be a piece oflifeless paperwork ndash itrsquos designed tohelp you manage health and safetyproperly It will only be effective if youand your staff are aware of it andfollow what it says Yoursquoll need toreview it every now and then to reflectany changes ndash just make a note in yourcalendar say once a year Yoursquoll alsoneed to see if it needs updating iftherersquos been a major change forexample to the way you work orwhere you work
You must consider and manage anyrisks where you work or connectedwith what you do
This is a straightforward processKnown as lsquorisk assessmentrsquo it involvesthinking about what you do in yourbusiness that could harm people ndash youyour staff (if you have them)contractors or your customers ormembers of the public ndash and whatyoursquore going to do to try to stop ithappening
In your line of work you will probablylook at things like- powered tools and equipment- lifting and carrying heavy tools ormaterials
- handling chemicals- sun exposure
There may be more but these are themain areas yoursquore most likely to needto focus on ndash we look at these four ina bit more detail on page 09
Risk assessments arenrsquot about piles ofpaperwork just sensible actions tocontrol the risks The law doesnrsquotexpect you to remove all risks but itdoes expect you to control themYoursquore probably doing most of thisalready as part of day-to-daymanagement ndash but your riskassessment will help you see if whatyoursquore doing is enough or if you needto do more
hellipwrite a health and safety policy for your business
hellipmanage the risk in your business
- Download a policy template at wwwhsegovukriskrisk-assessment-and-policy-templatedoc
- Look at an example of a policy atwwwhsegovukriskhealth-and-safety-policy-exampledoc
- Look at templates and examples at wwwhsegovukriskrisk-assessment-and-policy-templatedoc
- Look at risk assessment case studies at wwwhsegovukriskcasestudies
- Use our free risk assessment tool at wwwioshroutefindercouk
Find out more
04 wwwioshcouksafestartup
Did you knowOne person is seriously injured atwork every 17 minutes
By law you must
helliptalk to your employees
hellipgive training and information
If you employ anyone you need toconsult them on health and safetyAgain itrsquos not complicated ndash you cando this by listening and talking to themabout- health and safety and the workthey do
- how risks are controlled- the best ways of giving informationand training
This is a two-way thing Let your staffraise concerns and give their opinionson decisions Afterall theyrsquore often thebest people to understand the risksinvolved in their work ndash and talking tothem about it lets them know that youtake their health and safety seriously
- Find out more atwwwhsegovukinvolvementdoyourbit
Find out more
in working hours and you canrsquotcharge employees for it Keepingtraining records will help remind youwhen refreshers are due
Make sure that everyone hasinformation on- hazards and risks they may face ndashfor your business bad backs are atypical risk for example ndash have alook at page 10 for more details
- whatrsquos in place to deal with hazardsand risks
- what to do in an emergency
If you have staff they need to knowhow to work safely and without riskingtheir health You must give clearinstructions information and trainingDonrsquot forget to include temporaryworkers
Training could include for examplelifting and carrying safely and usingchemicals in the right way Not alltraining needs to be formal orexpensive ndash for example you couldgive some basic training in informalsessions yourself based on yourknowledge and experience Rememberthat health and safety training must be
- Download a guide on health and safety training at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg345pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 05
Make sure you allow enough time foryou or your staff to have breaks whenout and about You and your teammay need to take a rest break in thecar or van To be hygienic itrsquos a goodidea to have some basic washingfacilities handy for example hand gelsthat donrsquot need water or a container ofclean water
You also need to make sure that whereyou store equipment and chemicalsthere is- good ventilation ndash with fresh cleanair
- a comfortable working temperature - lighting suitable for the work beingcarried out
- enough space to work in- a clean environment with binsprovided for rubbish
If you employ people you need tothink about facilities Some of theselegal requirements will sound obviousbut itrsquos a good idea to check to makesure that yoursquove covered the welfarebasics
You need to provide- toilet and washing facilities- drinking water- somewhere to store clothing and tochange if your staff need to wearprotective clothing for the job theydo ndash remember you need to supplythe protective clothing
- somewhere to rest and eat meals
In your job yoursquoll be very mobileworking on sites or at your clientrsquosproperties so you probably wonrsquot haveeasy access to facilities
By law you must
helliphave the right facilities
You need to keep your workplace safeby maintaining and servicing your workequipment ndash we look at this in moredetail on page 09
As your work is mainly outside youneed to give staff weather-protectiveclothing such as waterproof coats andtrousers You may need to provide hatsto protect from sun exposure
Did you knowOne small company was finedpound3500 in court because it didnrsquothave adequate washing facilities foremployees who were at risk ofgetting dermatitis
- Download a guide on workplace health safety and welfare at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg244pdf
- Find out more about the risks of poor facilities at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesfacilitieshtm
Find out more
06
You have to organise first aidarrangements where you work If youemploy people yoursquore responsible formaking sure they get attentionstraightaway if they get ill or injured
If yoursquore self-employed with no staffyou need to have a first aid kit
If you have staff you must have- a stocked first aid box- an lsquoappointed personrsquo to takecharge ndash someone who co-ordinates first aid where you workrestocks the box when necessary
By law you must
- You can get copies of the poster and pocket cards fromwwwhsegovukpubnsbookslawposterhtm
Find out more
hellipplan for first aid accidents and ill health
If you employ anyone you must eitherdisplay this poster or give eachmember of staff the pocket cardversion The poster outlines UK healthand safety law and includes a simplelist that tells employers what they and
their employees need to do There isalso space on it for you to name yourhealth and safety representatives ifyou have any and health and safetycontacts for example your localenvironmental health office
hellipdisplay the health and safety law poster
and calls an ambulance if neededThis person doesnrsquot have to be atrained first aider
- information for employees givingdetails of what yoursquove organised forfirst aid
You may decide that you needsomeone trained in first aid Your firstaid assessment will highlight this ndash youjust need to consider your situationand write down anything significantalong with what you plan to do to dealwith it For example think about howfar away from your nearest surgery or
- Get information on first aid at wwwhsegovukfirstaid and a leaflet onfirst aid from wwwhsegovukpubnsindg214pdf
- Find out what needs reporting and how atwwwhsegovukriddorindexhtm
- Buy an accident book from the HSE at bookshsegovuk or record thedetails in your own system
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 07
Did you knowFour people are killed every weekat work
hospital you could be and whetherany of your staff have complex medicalconditions
By law you must report and keep arecord of certain accidents incidentsand illness
By law you must
Find out more
- Download information on employersrsquo liability insurance atwwwhsegovukpubnshse40pdf
- Find out more on insurance atwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness15310pdf andwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness40507pdf
hellipget insurance for your business
If you have employees yoursquoll probablyneed employersrsquo liability insurance Itprotects you against any costs ofcompensation in claims made againstyou by an employee if they get injuredor ill and itrsquos caused by your business
There may be other types of cover youneed such as public liability businessuse for vehicles or specific insurance tocover accidental damage your workcould cause for example by fallingbranches when yoursquore pruning
hellipkeep your business up to date
Keeping up with news anddevelopments in your sector will helpyou keep your health and safety policyand risk assessments up to date Yoursquollfind help through trade unionsemployersrsquo organisations Business Linkand trade associations
- Read IOSH news and sign up to RSS news feeds at wwwioshcouknews
- Subscribe to free ebulletins at wwwhsegovuknewssubscribe
- Get podcasts from wwwhsegovukpodcasts
- Get SMS text alerts to your mobile from wwwhsegovuksms
Find out more
08 wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
Wersquove covered some of the
basic things you need to do
to comply with the law Here
we look at some specific
issues and legal duties
relevant to your work
Powered tools andequipmentGardening and landscaping equipmentwith powered mechanisms and bladescan be dangerous You must useequipment in the right way Equipmentsupplied in the UK will have a CEcertification to show it complies withvarious European standards You andany staff or contractors will need to beaware of the supplierrsquos operatinginstructions Make sure that yourequipment has the appropriate guardsand safety features and wear thepersonal protective equipment (PPE)suggested by the supplier Donrsquot betempted to modify or override anysafety features for example lawnmower controls ndash theyrsquore there for agood reason
If you use petrol or diesel-poweredequipment think about how andwhere you store both the kit and thefuel and how to ventilate fumes
Yoursquoll need to make sure that yourelectrical equipment isnrsquot designedsolely for domestic use Make sure youcheck and maintain electricalequipment especially as itrsquos likely to bemoved around a lot and used outsideYou may want to consider hiringequipment from a reputable supplier asitrsquos their responsibility to make sure theequipment is maintained and testedand thatrsquos one less headache for you
Think about the noise generated bypowered equipment Mostlawnmowers and strimmers now comewith an indication of the decibels theygenerate ndash if itrsquos higher than 80 dBAthen yoursquoll need to use hearingprotection Remember that damage ndashfrom tinnitus to hearing loss ndash canhappen gradually over a period ofexposure so itrsquos best to prevent itbefore it starts
Did you knowAround 20000 people every yearare diagnosed with hearing lossbecause of their work
- Download a guide on reducing the risks associated with work equipment and tools atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg229pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working with unguarded tools atwwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesguardshtm
- Look at FAQs on working with electricity at wwwhsegovukelectricityfaqhtm
- Look for more information on protecting your hearing atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg363pdf
- Find out more about the risks of vibrating power tools at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakestoolshtm
- Get more on controlling risks from vibration at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg175pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 09
Of course itrsquos not just noise that cancause a problem with poweredequipment ndash you or your team candevelop permanent disabling injuriesfrom vibrations using power tools likestrimmers and trimmers day in dayout Conditions like vibration whitefinger where sufferersrsquo hands becomenumb struggle to grip and are moresensitive to temperature changes canbe painful and disabling Always checkwhat the manufacturer or supplierrecommends
If you move heavy and bulky itemswrongly you can end up with a seriousinjury mainly to your back Yoursquoremost likely to injure yourself if you usetoo much force to lift lower push pullor carry an object and if the item isheavier than you can manage Workingin an awkward position when trying tolift or carry things can also causeproblems And if you or someone whoworks for you has an existing or earlierinjury that can lead to more painfulhealth conditions including lower backpain joint injuries and repetitive straininjuries such as bursitis or tendinitis
Remember that if yoursquore working on yourown or as part of a small team itrsquos toughto keep on top of all the work if you ora key team member canrsquot pull theirweight because of a bad back Try to
- bend your knees and not your back- use some sort of ramp or morethan one person to lift heavyequipment out of a trailer or van
- move heavy materials with atrolley or wheelbarrow or split theload up
- wear gloves if what yoursquore movingis difficult to grip
- clear your route before you movesomething heavy and make surethere is actually somewhere to putyour load down
- watch out for wet or muddypathways that mean you slip whilelifting or moving equipment ormaterials
- avoid twisting while carrying orlifting something heavy
- if yoursquore the boss make sure yourstaff have the right training
Issues to think about
Lifting and carrying
10
- Use a guide to help you cut the risks involved withmoving heavy or bulky objects by hand ndash download itat wwwhsegovukpubnsindg398pdf
- Find out more about the damage you could do if youdonrsquot lift and move things safely atwwwhsegovukmsdindexhtm
Find out more
Did you knowMusculoskeletal disorders ndash fromback pain to sore wrists ndash affect onemillion people every year
A lot of the weedkillers and pesticidesyou use can be harmful but they canbe used safely as long as you followthe instructions from the manufactureror supplier Itrsquos important to use thepersonal protective equipment theyrecommend (eg gloves or a mask) andto follow basic hygiene rules washingor rinsing your hands after usingchemicals and especially before eatingand even before going to the toilet
Some chemicals can burn the skin orhave more long-lasting effects ndash certainchemicals and oils can cause cancer ndashso itrsquos very important to read theinformation that comes with theproducts yoursquore using If you do end upwashing your hands frequently youmight need to use a moisturiser to helpprevent dermatitis
You need to make a list of anysubstances used at work ndash not just theproducts yoursquod use in the gardens buteven cleaning products like bleach oroils too You also need to know whatcan happen if products are spilledaccidentally mixed or splashed ontoskin or into the eyes This is easier thanit sounds ndash most products will have alsquosafety data sheetrsquo that lists storage
disposal and first aid requirements andtheyrsquore free from the manufacturer (ifyou donrsquot have any just ask for them)You might need a simple lsquospill kitrsquo ofsand and a dustpan and brush
Yoursquoll need to do a basic riskassessment of key activities such asstoring mixing and disposing ofchemicals ndash think about whatchemicals yoursquore using who could beharmed if things go wrong and whatprecautions you should take to stoppeople getting hurt
Take care when you handle powdersTry not to create a lot of dust that youmight breathe in and always handlechemicals in a well ventilated areaStore your chemicals properly incorrectly labelled containers ndash whitepowders without labels can look verysimilar If you canrsquot read the label or itgets damaged you could accidentallymix chemicals that react together andbecome more harmful for examplegiving off toxic gases
Find out about disposing of your wastechemicals ndash you may not be allowed topour them down surface water orwastewater drains under environmentallegislation Depending on thequantities of chemicals yoursquore carryingin your van or truck you may evenneed a transport licence from theEnvironment Agency
Itrsquos worth looking to see whatrsquos new onthe market ndash there are products whichcan help cut down your exposure (egready-made solutions rather thanpowders) If you have staff you needto train them and make sure theyfollow safety guidelines and take theprecautions you tell them about
Issues to think about
Handling chemicals
Did you knowThere are 40000 new cases ofoccupational dermatitis the painfulskin condition diagnosed every year
- Find out about working with hazardous substances atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg136pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup11
12
Issues to think about
Did you knowFive thousand cancer cases a yearare caused by exposure to the sunfor those who work mostly outside
People who work outside for a livingwithout protecting themselves fromthe effects of the sun are more likely toget skin cancer Most cases are verytreatable ndash but it is also easilypreventable
You and any people who work for youneed to keep areas of skin covered toprotect it from the harmful effects ofthe sun ndash wear loose clothing thatallows ventilation but make sure it
doesnrsquot get caught in the equipmentyou use It makes sense to wear a capor hat to protect your head and face
You can also use sun block ndash but readthe instructions and make sure youapply it properly and frequentlyWearing heavy duty sun block is moreand more common for peoplespending long periods outside ndash thinkof top level sports like cricket Drinkplenty of fluids in hot weather
Sun exposure
- Find out more about the risks of sun exposure andhow to deal with it atwwwhsegovukskinsunprotecthtm
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
You also need to consider
- Download a guide on preventing slips and trips atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg225pdf
- Find more guidance on using ladders safely atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg402pdf
- Get advice on working outside atwwwhsegovuktemperatureoutdoorhtm
- Find out more about safe driving at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg382pdf
- Get more information about working with contractors atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg368pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working on your own atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg73pdf
- Download our lsquoGoing it alonersquo guide for a quick overview of things to thinkabout when working on your own at wwwioshcouksafestartup
Find out more
Did you knowInjuries caused by slips or trips costemployers more than pound500 million ayear
13
- Slips trips and falls ndash keep whereyoursquore working tidy to cut downthe risk of a damaging accident
- Falls from height ndash when youhave to use a ladder to prune or lopbranches make sure itrsquos secure ndash ifyou canrsquot ask someone to foot ityou could tie it in place before youstart work Make sure you can workwithout stretching ndash itrsquos a commoncause of accidents
- Bad weather ndash weather conditionscan cause problems to many outsidetrades If you or your team canrsquotavoid working in bad weather tryto cut down the time spent in poorconditions for example workingunder shelter You should also takeregular breaks and wear suitableclothing Remember that someequipment will have limitations incertain weather conditions ndash checkwhat the manufacturer says
- Driving ndash donrsquot forget to thinkabout driving for work as part ofyour safety planning The effect ofan accident on a small business orself-employed individual ndash from acollision to materials falling off amoving vehicle ndash is likely to begreater than on a larger businesswith better resources Plan eachjourney allow plenty of time andmake sure your equipment andanything else you load up is securebefore you set off
- Contractors ndash you may work withor take on contractors Make surethey have the right skills andknowledge to do their job safelyand that they understand whatperformance you expect Explainyour site health and safety rules tothem (for example what to do inan emergency looking after toolsproperly) and if you have a policymake sure they understand and
This IOSH guide is designed as an introduction to health and safety basics for low risk businesses and is not intended to give exhaustive coverageof the subject We encourage all employers and business owners to find out more about the detailed legal requirements affecting your businessat wwwhsegovuk
follow it Donrsquot forget that you canbe held legally responsible for whatyour contractors do or donrsquot do
- Working on your own ndash alwaystake your mobile phone with youand try to let a friend or relativeknow where yoursquore planning to goeach day
Did you knowA third of all fall-from-heightaccidents involve ladders orstepladders ndash 14 people are killedand 1200 suffer major injuries a year
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
By law you must
helliptalk to your employees
hellipgive training and information
If you employ anyone you need toconsult them on health and safetyAgain itrsquos not complicated ndash you cando this by listening and talking to themabout- health and safety and the workthey do
- how risks are controlled- the best ways of giving informationand training
This is a two-way thing Let your staffraise concerns and give their opinionson decisions Afterall theyrsquore often thebest people to understand the risksinvolved in their work ndash and talking tothem about it lets them know that youtake their health and safety seriously
- Find out more atwwwhsegovukinvolvementdoyourbit
Find out more
in working hours and you canrsquotcharge employees for it Keepingtraining records will help remind youwhen refreshers are due
Make sure that everyone hasinformation on- hazards and risks they may face ndashfor your business bad backs are atypical risk for example ndash have alook at page 10 for more details
- whatrsquos in place to deal with hazardsand risks
- what to do in an emergency
If you have staff they need to knowhow to work safely and without riskingtheir health You must give clearinstructions information and trainingDonrsquot forget to include temporaryworkers
Training could include for examplelifting and carrying safely and usingchemicals in the right way Not alltraining needs to be formal orexpensive ndash for example you couldgive some basic training in informalsessions yourself based on yourknowledge and experience Rememberthat health and safety training must be
- Download a guide on health and safety training at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg345pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 05
Make sure you allow enough time foryou or your staff to have breaks whenout and about You and your teammay need to take a rest break in thecar or van To be hygienic itrsquos a goodidea to have some basic washingfacilities handy for example hand gelsthat donrsquot need water or a container ofclean water
You also need to make sure that whereyou store equipment and chemicalsthere is- good ventilation ndash with fresh cleanair
- a comfortable working temperature - lighting suitable for the work beingcarried out
- enough space to work in- a clean environment with binsprovided for rubbish
If you employ people you need tothink about facilities Some of theselegal requirements will sound obviousbut itrsquos a good idea to check to makesure that yoursquove covered the welfarebasics
You need to provide- toilet and washing facilities- drinking water- somewhere to store clothing and tochange if your staff need to wearprotective clothing for the job theydo ndash remember you need to supplythe protective clothing
- somewhere to rest and eat meals
In your job yoursquoll be very mobileworking on sites or at your clientrsquosproperties so you probably wonrsquot haveeasy access to facilities
By law you must
helliphave the right facilities
You need to keep your workplace safeby maintaining and servicing your workequipment ndash we look at this in moredetail on page 09
As your work is mainly outside youneed to give staff weather-protectiveclothing such as waterproof coats andtrousers You may need to provide hatsto protect from sun exposure
Did you knowOne small company was finedpound3500 in court because it didnrsquothave adequate washing facilities foremployees who were at risk ofgetting dermatitis
- Download a guide on workplace health safety and welfare at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg244pdf
- Find out more about the risks of poor facilities at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesfacilitieshtm
Find out more
06
You have to organise first aidarrangements where you work If youemploy people yoursquore responsible formaking sure they get attentionstraightaway if they get ill or injured
If yoursquore self-employed with no staffyou need to have a first aid kit
If you have staff you must have- a stocked first aid box- an lsquoappointed personrsquo to takecharge ndash someone who co-ordinates first aid where you workrestocks the box when necessary
By law you must
- You can get copies of the poster and pocket cards fromwwwhsegovukpubnsbookslawposterhtm
Find out more
hellipplan for first aid accidents and ill health
If you employ anyone you must eitherdisplay this poster or give eachmember of staff the pocket cardversion The poster outlines UK healthand safety law and includes a simplelist that tells employers what they and
their employees need to do There isalso space on it for you to name yourhealth and safety representatives ifyou have any and health and safetycontacts for example your localenvironmental health office
hellipdisplay the health and safety law poster
and calls an ambulance if neededThis person doesnrsquot have to be atrained first aider
- information for employees givingdetails of what yoursquove organised forfirst aid
You may decide that you needsomeone trained in first aid Your firstaid assessment will highlight this ndash youjust need to consider your situationand write down anything significantalong with what you plan to do to dealwith it For example think about howfar away from your nearest surgery or
- Get information on first aid at wwwhsegovukfirstaid and a leaflet onfirst aid from wwwhsegovukpubnsindg214pdf
- Find out what needs reporting and how atwwwhsegovukriddorindexhtm
- Buy an accident book from the HSE at bookshsegovuk or record thedetails in your own system
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 07
Did you knowFour people are killed every weekat work
hospital you could be and whetherany of your staff have complex medicalconditions
By law you must report and keep arecord of certain accidents incidentsand illness
By law you must
Find out more
- Download information on employersrsquo liability insurance atwwwhsegovukpubnshse40pdf
- Find out more on insurance atwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness15310pdf andwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness40507pdf
hellipget insurance for your business
If you have employees yoursquoll probablyneed employersrsquo liability insurance Itprotects you against any costs ofcompensation in claims made againstyou by an employee if they get injuredor ill and itrsquos caused by your business
There may be other types of cover youneed such as public liability businessuse for vehicles or specific insurance tocover accidental damage your workcould cause for example by fallingbranches when yoursquore pruning
hellipkeep your business up to date
Keeping up with news anddevelopments in your sector will helpyou keep your health and safety policyand risk assessments up to date Yoursquollfind help through trade unionsemployersrsquo organisations Business Linkand trade associations
- Read IOSH news and sign up to RSS news feeds at wwwioshcouknews
- Subscribe to free ebulletins at wwwhsegovuknewssubscribe
- Get podcasts from wwwhsegovukpodcasts
- Get SMS text alerts to your mobile from wwwhsegovuksms
Find out more
08 wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
Wersquove covered some of the
basic things you need to do
to comply with the law Here
we look at some specific
issues and legal duties
relevant to your work
Powered tools andequipmentGardening and landscaping equipmentwith powered mechanisms and bladescan be dangerous You must useequipment in the right way Equipmentsupplied in the UK will have a CEcertification to show it complies withvarious European standards You andany staff or contractors will need to beaware of the supplierrsquos operatinginstructions Make sure that yourequipment has the appropriate guardsand safety features and wear thepersonal protective equipment (PPE)suggested by the supplier Donrsquot betempted to modify or override anysafety features for example lawnmower controls ndash theyrsquore there for agood reason
If you use petrol or diesel-poweredequipment think about how andwhere you store both the kit and thefuel and how to ventilate fumes
Yoursquoll need to make sure that yourelectrical equipment isnrsquot designedsolely for domestic use Make sure youcheck and maintain electricalequipment especially as itrsquos likely to bemoved around a lot and used outsideYou may want to consider hiringequipment from a reputable supplier asitrsquos their responsibility to make sure theequipment is maintained and testedand thatrsquos one less headache for you
Think about the noise generated bypowered equipment Mostlawnmowers and strimmers now comewith an indication of the decibels theygenerate ndash if itrsquos higher than 80 dBAthen yoursquoll need to use hearingprotection Remember that damage ndashfrom tinnitus to hearing loss ndash canhappen gradually over a period ofexposure so itrsquos best to prevent itbefore it starts
Did you knowAround 20000 people every yearare diagnosed with hearing lossbecause of their work
- Download a guide on reducing the risks associated with work equipment and tools atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg229pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working with unguarded tools atwwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesguardshtm
- Look at FAQs on working with electricity at wwwhsegovukelectricityfaqhtm
- Look for more information on protecting your hearing atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg363pdf
- Find out more about the risks of vibrating power tools at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakestoolshtm
- Get more on controlling risks from vibration at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg175pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 09
Of course itrsquos not just noise that cancause a problem with poweredequipment ndash you or your team candevelop permanent disabling injuriesfrom vibrations using power tools likestrimmers and trimmers day in dayout Conditions like vibration whitefinger where sufferersrsquo hands becomenumb struggle to grip and are moresensitive to temperature changes canbe painful and disabling Always checkwhat the manufacturer or supplierrecommends
If you move heavy and bulky itemswrongly you can end up with a seriousinjury mainly to your back Yoursquoremost likely to injure yourself if you usetoo much force to lift lower push pullor carry an object and if the item isheavier than you can manage Workingin an awkward position when trying tolift or carry things can also causeproblems And if you or someone whoworks for you has an existing or earlierinjury that can lead to more painfulhealth conditions including lower backpain joint injuries and repetitive straininjuries such as bursitis or tendinitis
Remember that if yoursquore working on yourown or as part of a small team itrsquos toughto keep on top of all the work if you ora key team member canrsquot pull theirweight because of a bad back Try to
- bend your knees and not your back- use some sort of ramp or morethan one person to lift heavyequipment out of a trailer or van
- move heavy materials with atrolley or wheelbarrow or split theload up
- wear gloves if what yoursquore movingis difficult to grip
- clear your route before you movesomething heavy and make surethere is actually somewhere to putyour load down
- watch out for wet or muddypathways that mean you slip whilelifting or moving equipment ormaterials
- avoid twisting while carrying orlifting something heavy
- if yoursquore the boss make sure yourstaff have the right training
Issues to think about
Lifting and carrying
10
- Use a guide to help you cut the risks involved withmoving heavy or bulky objects by hand ndash download itat wwwhsegovukpubnsindg398pdf
- Find out more about the damage you could do if youdonrsquot lift and move things safely atwwwhsegovukmsdindexhtm
Find out more
Did you knowMusculoskeletal disorders ndash fromback pain to sore wrists ndash affect onemillion people every year
A lot of the weedkillers and pesticidesyou use can be harmful but they canbe used safely as long as you followthe instructions from the manufactureror supplier Itrsquos important to use thepersonal protective equipment theyrecommend (eg gloves or a mask) andto follow basic hygiene rules washingor rinsing your hands after usingchemicals and especially before eatingand even before going to the toilet
Some chemicals can burn the skin orhave more long-lasting effects ndash certainchemicals and oils can cause cancer ndashso itrsquos very important to read theinformation that comes with theproducts yoursquore using If you do end upwashing your hands frequently youmight need to use a moisturiser to helpprevent dermatitis
You need to make a list of anysubstances used at work ndash not just theproducts yoursquod use in the gardens buteven cleaning products like bleach oroils too You also need to know whatcan happen if products are spilledaccidentally mixed or splashed ontoskin or into the eyes This is easier thanit sounds ndash most products will have alsquosafety data sheetrsquo that lists storage
disposal and first aid requirements andtheyrsquore free from the manufacturer (ifyou donrsquot have any just ask for them)You might need a simple lsquospill kitrsquo ofsand and a dustpan and brush
Yoursquoll need to do a basic riskassessment of key activities such asstoring mixing and disposing ofchemicals ndash think about whatchemicals yoursquore using who could beharmed if things go wrong and whatprecautions you should take to stoppeople getting hurt
Take care when you handle powdersTry not to create a lot of dust that youmight breathe in and always handlechemicals in a well ventilated areaStore your chemicals properly incorrectly labelled containers ndash whitepowders without labels can look verysimilar If you canrsquot read the label or itgets damaged you could accidentallymix chemicals that react together andbecome more harmful for examplegiving off toxic gases
Find out about disposing of your wastechemicals ndash you may not be allowed topour them down surface water orwastewater drains under environmentallegislation Depending on thequantities of chemicals yoursquore carryingin your van or truck you may evenneed a transport licence from theEnvironment Agency
Itrsquos worth looking to see whatrsquos new onthe market ndash there are products whichcan help cut down your exposure (egready-made solutions rather thanpowders) If you have staff you needto train them and make sure theyfollow safety guidelines and take theprecautions you tell them about
Issues to think about
Handling chemicals
Did you knowThere are 40000 new cases ofoccupational dermatitis the painfulskin condition diagnosed every year
- Find out about working with hazardous substances atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg136pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup11
12
Issues to think about
Did you knowFive thousand cancer cases a yearare caused by exposure to the sunfor those who work mostly outside
People who work outside for a livingwithout protecting themselves fromthe effects of the sun are more likely toget skin cancer Most cases are verytreatable ndash but it is also easilypreventable
You and any people who work for youneed to keep areas of skin covered toprotect it from the harmful effects ofthe sun ndash wear loose clothing thatallows ventilation but make sure it
doesnrsquot get caught in the equipmentyou use It makes sense to wear a capor hat to protect your head and face
You can also use sun block ndash but readthe instructions and make sure youapply it properly and frequentlyWearing heavy duty sun block is moreand more common for peoplespending long periods outside ndash thinkof top level sports like cricket Drinkplenty of fluids in hot weather
Sun exposure
- Find out more about the risks of sun exposure andhow to deal with it atwwwhsegovukskinsunprotecthtm
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
You also need to consider
- Download a guide on preventing slips and trips atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg225pdf
- Find more guidance on using ladders safely atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg402pdf
- Get advice on working outside atwwwhsegovuktemperatureoutdoorhtm
- Find out more about safe driving at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg382pdf
- Get more information about working with contractors atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg368pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working on your own atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg73pdf
- Download our lsquoGoing it alonersquo guide for a quick overview of things to thinkabout when working on your own at wwwioshcouksafestartup
Find out more
Did you knowInjuries caused by slips or trips costemployers more than pound500 million ayear
13
- Slips trips and falls ndash keep whereyoursquore working tidy to cut downthe risk of a damaging accident
- Falls from height ndash when youhave to use a ladder to prune or lopbranches make sure itrsquos secure ndash ifyou canrsquot ask someone to foot ityou could tie it in place before youstart work Make sure you can workwithout stretching ndash itrsquos a commoncause of accidents
- Bad weather ndash weather conditionscan cause problems to many outsidetrades If you or your team canrsquotavoid working in bad weather tryto cut down the time spent in poorconditions for example workingunder shelter You should also takeregular breaks and wear suitableclothing Remember that someequipment will have limitations incertain weather conditions ndash checkwhat the manufacturer says
- Driving ndash donrsquot forget to thinkabout driving for work as part ofyour safety planning The effect ofan accident on a small business orself-employed individual ndash from acollision to materials falling off amoving vehicle ndash is likely to begreater than on a larger businesswith better resources Plan eachjourney allow plenty of time andmake sure your equipment andanything else you load up is securebefore you set off
- Contractors ndash you may work withor take on contractors Make surethey have the right skills andknowledge to do their job safelyand that they understand whatperformance you expect Explainyour site health and safety rules tothem (for example what to do inan emergency looking after toolsproperly) and if you have a policymake sure they understand and
This IOSH guide is designed as an introduction to health and safety basics for low risk businesses and is not intended to give exhaustive coverageof the subject We encourage all employers and business owners to find out more about the detailed legal requirements affecting your businessat wwwhsegovuk
follow it Donrsquot forget that you canbe held legally responsible for whatyour contractors do or donrsquot do
- Working on your own ndash alwaystake your mobile phone with youand try to let a friend or relativeknow where yoursquore planning to goeach day
Did you knowA third of all fall-from-heightaccidents involve ladders orstepladders ndash 14 people are killedand 1200 suffer major injuries a year
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
Make sure you allow enough time foryou or your staff to have breaks whenout and about You and your teammay need to take a rest break in thecar or van To be hygienic itrsquos a goodidea to have some basic washingfacilities handy for example hand gelsthat donrsquot need water or a container ofclean water
You also need to make sure that whereyou store equipment and chemicalsthere is- good ventilation ndash with fresh cleanair
- a comfortable working temperature - lighting suitable for the work beingcarried out
- enough space to work in- a clean environment with binsprovided for rubbish
If you employ people you need tothink about facilities Some of theselegal requirements will sound obviousbut itrsquos a good idea to check to makesure that yoursquove covered the welfarebasics
You need to provide- toilet and washing facilities- drinking water- somewhere to store clothing and tochange if your staff need to wearprotective clothing for the job theydo ndash remember you need to supplythe protective clothing
- somewhere to rest and eat meals
In your job yoursquoll be very mobileworking on sites or at your clientrsquosproperties so you probably wonrsquot haveeasy access to facilities
By law you must
helliphave the right facilities
You need to keep your workplace safeby maintaining and servicing your workequipment ndash we look at this in moredetail on page 09
As your work is mainly outside youneed to give staff weather-protectiveclothing such as waterproof coats andtrousers You may need to provide hatsto protect from sun exposure
Did you knowOne small company was finedpound3500 in court because it didnrsquothave adequate washing facilities foremployees who were at risk ofgetting dermatitis
- Download a guide on workplace health safety and welfare at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg244pdf
- Find out more about the risks of poor facilities at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesfacilitieshtm
Find out more
06
You have to organise first aidarrangements where you work If youemploy people yoursquore responsible formaking sure they get attentionstraightaway if they get ill or injured
If yoursquore self-employed with no staffyou need to have a first aid kit
If you have staff you must have- a stocked first aid box- an lsquoappointed personrsquo to takecharge ndash someone who co-ordinates first aid where you workrestocks the box when necessary
By law you must
- You can get copies of the poster and pocket cards fromwwwhsegovukpubnsbookslawposterhtm
Find out more
hellipplan for first aid accidents and ill health
If you employ anyone you must eitherdisplay this poster or give eachmember of staff the pocket cardversion The poster outlines UK healthand safety law and includes a simplelist that tells employers what they and
their employees need to do There isalso space on it for you to name yourhealth and safety representatives ifyou have any and health and safetycontacts for example your localenvironmental health office
hellipdisplay the health and safety law poster
and calls an ambulance if neededThis person doesnrsquot have to be atrained first aider
- information for employees givingdetails of what yoursquove organised forfirst aid
You may decide that you needsomeone trained in first aid Your firstaid assessment will highlight this ndash youjust need to consider your situationand write down anything significantalong with what you plan to do to dealwith it For example think about howfar away from your nearest surgery or
- Get information on first aid at wwwhsegovukfirstaid and a leaflet onfirst aid from wwwhsegovukpubnsindg214pdf
- Find out what needs reporting and how atwwwhsegovukriddorindexhtm
- Buy an accident book from the HSE at bookshsegovuk or record thedetails in your own system
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 07
Did you knowFour people are killed every weekat work
hospital you could be and whetherany of your staff have complex medicalconditions
By law you must report and keep arecord of certain accidents incidentsand illness
By law you must
Find out more
- Download information on employersrsquo liability insurance atwwwhsegovukpubnshse40pdf
- Find out more on insurance atwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness15310pdf andwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness40507pdf
hellipget insurance for your business
If you have employees yoursquoll probablyneed employersrsquo liability insurance Itprotects you against any costs ofcompensation in claims made againstyou by an employee if they get injuredor ill and itrsquos caused by your business
There may be other types of cover youneed such as public liability businessuse for vehicles or specific insurance tocover accidental damage your workcould cause for example by fallingbranches when yoursquore pruning
hellipkeep your business up to date
Keeping up with news anddevelopments in your sector will helpyou keep your health and safety policyand risk assessments up to date Yoursquollfind help through trade unionsemployersrsquo organisations Business Linkand trade associations
- Read IOSH news and sign up to RSS news feeds at wwwioshcouknews
- Subscribe to free ebulletins at wwwhsegovuknewssubscribe
- Get podcasts from wwwhsegovukpodcasts
- Get SMS text alerts to your mobile from wwwhsegovuksms
Find out more
08 wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
Wersquove covered some of the
basic things you need to do
to comply with the law Here
we look at some specific
issues and legal duties
relevant to your work
Powered tools andequipmentGardening and landscaping equipmentwith powered mechanisms and bladescan be dangerous You must useequipment in the right way Equipmentsupplied in the UK will have a CEcertification to show it complies withvarious European standards You andany staff or contractors will need to beaware of the supplierrsquos operatinginstructions Make sure that yourequipment has the appropriate guardsand safety features and wear thepersonal protective equipment (PPE)suggested by the supplier Donrsquot betempted to modify or override anysafety features for example lawnmower controls ndash theyrsquore there for agood reason
If you use petrol or diesel-poweredequipment think about how andwhere you store both the kit and thefuel and how to ventilate fumes
Yoursquoll need to make sure that yourelectrical equipment isnrsquot designedsolely for domestic use Make sure youcheck and maintain electricalequipment especially as itrsquos likely to bemoved around a lot and used outsideYou may want to consider hiringequipment from a reputable supplier asitrsquos their responsibility to make sure theequipment is maintained and testedand thatrsquos one less headache for you
Think about the noise generated bypowered equipment Mostlawnmowers and strimmers now comewith an indication of the decibels theygenerate ndash if itrsquos higher than 80 dBAthen yoursquoll need to use hearingprotection Remember that damage ndashfrom tinnitus to hearing loss ndash canhappen gradually over a period ofexposure so itrsquos best to prevent itbefore it starts
Did you knowAround 20000 people every yearare diagnosed with hearing lossbecause of their work
- Download a guide on reducing the risks associated with work equipment and tools atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg229pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working with unguarded tools atwwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesguardshtm
- Look at FAQs on working with electricity at wwwhsegovukelectricityfaqhtm
- Look for more information on protecting your hearing atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg363pdf
- Find out more about the risks of vibrating power tools at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakestoolshtm
- Get more on controlling risks from vibration at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg175pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 09
Of course itrsquos not just noise that cancause a problem with poweredequipment ndash you or your team candevelop permanent disabling injuriesfrom vibrations using power tools likestrimmers and trimmers day in dayout Conditions like vibration whitefinger where sufferersrsquo hands becomenumb struggle to grip and are moresensitive to temperature changes canbe painful and disabling Always checkwhat the manufacturer or supplierrecommends
If you move heavy and bulky itemswrongly you can end up with a seriousinjury mainly to your back Yoursquoremost likely to injure yourself if you usetoo much force to lift lower push pullor carry an object and if the item isheavier than you can manage Workingin an awkward position when trying tolift or carry things can also causeproblems And if you or someone whoworks for you has an existing or earlierinjury that can lead to more painfulhealth conditions including lower backpain joint injuries and repetitive straininjuries such as bursitis or tendinitis
Remember that if yoursquore working on yourown or as part of a small team itrsquos toughto keep on top of all the work if you ora key team member canrsquot pull theirweight because of a bad back Try to
- bend your knees and not your back- use some sort of ramp or morethan one person to lift heavyequipment out of a trailer or van
- move heavy materials with atrolley or wheelbarrow or split theload up
- wear gloves if what yoursquore movingis difficult to grip
- clear your route before you movesomething heavy and make surethere is actually somewhere to putyour load down
- watch out for wet or muddypathways that mean you slip whilelifting or moving equipment ormaterials
- avoid twisting while carrying orlifting something heavy
- if yoursquore the boss make sure yourstaff have the right training
Issues to think about
Lifting and carrying
10
- Use a guide to help you cut the risks involved withmoving heavy or bulky objects by hand ndash download itat wwwhsegovukpubnsindg398pdf
- Find out more about the damage you could do if youdonrsquot lift and move things safely atwwwhsegovukmsdindexhtm
Find out more
Did you knowMusculoskeletal disorders ndash fromback pain to sore wrists ndash affect onemillion people every year
A lot of the weedkillers and pesticidesyou use can be harmful but they canbe used safely as long as you followthe instructions from the manufactureror supplier Itrsquos important to use thepersonal protective equipment theyrecommend (eg gloves or a mask) andto follow basic hygiene rules washingor rinsing your hands after usingchemicals and especially before eatingand even before going to the toilet
Some chemicals can burn the skin orhave more long-lasting effects ndash certainchemicals and oils can cause cancer ndashso itrsquos very important to read theinformation that comes with theproducts yoursquore using If you do end upwashing your hands frequently youmight need to use a moisturiser to helpprevent dermatitis
You need to make a list of anysubstances used at work ndash not just theproducts yoursquod use in the gardens buteven cleaning products like bleach oroils too You also need to know whatcan happen if products are spilledaccidentally mixed or splashed ontoskin or into the eyes This is easier thanit sounds ndash most products will have alsquosafety data sheetrsquo that lists storage
disposal and first aid requirements andtheyrsquore free from the manufacturer (ifyou donrsquot have any just ask for them)You might need a simple lsquospill kitrsquo ofsand and a dustpan and brush
Yoursquoll need to do a basic riskassessment of key activities such asstoring mixing and disposing ofchemicals ndash think about whatchemicals yoursquore using who could beharmed if things go wrong and whatprecautions you should take to stoppeople getting hurt
Take care when you handle powdersTry not to create a lot of dust that youmight breathe in and always handlechemicals in a well ventilated areaStore your chemicals properly incorrectly labelled containers ndash whitepowders without labels can look verysimilar If you canrsquot read the label or itgets damaged you could accidentallymix chemicals that react together andbecome more harmful for examplegiving off toxic gases
Find out about disposing of your wastechemicals ndash you may not be allowed topour them down surface water orwastewater drains under environmentallegislation Depending on thequantities of chemicals yoursquore carryingin your van or truck you may evenneed a transport licence from theEnvironment Agency
Itrsquos worth looking to see whatrsquos new onthe market ndash there are products whichcan help cut down your exposure (egready-made solutions rather thanpowders) If you have staff you needto train them and make sure theyfollow safety guidelines and take theprecautions you tell them about
Issues to think about
Handling chemicals
Did you knowThere are 40000 new cases ofoccupational dermatitis the painfulskin condition diagnosed every year
- Find out about working with hazardous substances atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg136pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup11
12
Issues to think about
Did you knowFive thousand cancer cases a yearare caused by exposure to the sunfor those who work mostly outside
People who work outside for a livingwithout protecting themselves fromthe effects of the sun are more likely toget skin cancer Most cases are verytreatable ndash but it is also easilypreventable
You and any people who work for youneed to keep areas of skin covered toprotect it from the harmful effects ofthe sun ndash wear loose clothing thatallows ventilation but make sure it
doesnrsquot get caught in the equipmentyou use It makes sense to wear a capor hat to protect your head and face
You can also use sun block ndash but readthe instructions and make sure youapply it properly and frequentlyWearing heavy duty sun block is moreand more common for peoplespending long periods outside ndash thinkof top level sports like cricket Drinkplenty of fluids in hot weather
Sun exposure
- Find out more about the risks of sun exposure andhow to deal with it atwwwhsegovukskinsunprotecthtm
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
You also need to consider
- Download a guide on preventing slips and trips atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg225pdf
- Find more guidance on using ladders safely atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg402pdf
- Get advice on working outside atwwwhsegovuktemperatureoutdoorhtm
- Find out more about safe driving at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg382pdf
- Get more information about working with contractors atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg368pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working on your own atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg73pdf
- Download our lsquoGoing it alonersquo guide for a quick overview of things to thinkabout when working on your own at wwwioshcouksafestartup
Find out more
Did you knowInjuries caused by slips or trips costemployers more than pound500 million ayear
13
- Slips trips and falls ndash keep whereyoursquore working tidy to cut downthe risk of a damaging accident
- Falls from height ndash when youhave to use a ladder to prune or lopbranches make sure itrsquos secure ndash ifyou canrsquot ask someone to foot ityou could tie it in place before youstart work Make sure you can workwithout stretching ndash itrsquos a commoncause of accidents
- Bad weather ndash weather conditionscan cause problems to many outsidetrades If you or your team canrsquotavoid working in bad weather tryto cut down the time spent in poorconditions for example workingunder shelter You should also takeregular breaks and wear suitableclothing Remember that someequipment will have limitations incertain weather conditions ndash checkwhat the manufacturer says
- Driving ndash donrsquot forget to thinkabout driving for work as part ofyour safety planning The effect ofan accident on a small business orself-employed individual ndash from acollision to materials falling off amoving vehicle ndash is likely to begreater than on a larger businesswith better resources Plan eachjourney allow plenty of time andmake sure your equipment andanything else you load up is securebefore you set off
- Contractors ndash you may work withor take on contractors Make surethey have the right skills andknowledge to do their job safelyand that they understand whatperformance you expect Explainyour site health and safety rules tothem (for example what to do inan emergency looking after toolsproperly) and if you have a policymake sure they understand and
This IOSH guide is designed as an introduction to health and safety basics for low risk businesses and is not intended to give exhaustive coverageof the subject We encourage all employers and business owners to find out more about the detailed legal requirements affecting your businessat wwwhsegovuk
follow it Donrsquot forget that you canbe held legally responsible for whatyour contractors do or donrsquot do
- Working on your own ndash alwaystake your mobile phone with youand try to let a friend or relativeknow where yoursquore planning to goeach day
Did you knowA third of all fall-from-heightaccidents involve ladders orstepladders ndash 14 people are killedand 1200 suffer major injuries a year
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
You have to organise first aidarrangements where you work If youemploy people yoursquore responsible formaking sure they get attentionstraightaway if they get ill or injured
If yoursquore self-employed with no staffyou need to have a first aid kit
If you have staff you must have- a stocked first aid box- an lsquoappointed personrsquo to takecharge ndash someone who co-ordinates first aid where you workrestocks the box when necessary
By law you must
- You can get copies of the poster and pocket cards fromwwwhsegovukpubnsbookslawposterhtm
Find out more
hellipplan for first aid accidents and ill health
If you employ anyone you must eitherdisplay this poster or give eachmember of staff the pocket cardversion The poster outlines UK healthand safety law and includes a simplelist that tells employers what they and
their employees need to do There isalso space on it for you to name yourhealth and safety representatives ifyou have any and health and safetycontacts for example your localenvironmental health office
hellipdisplay the health and safety law poster
and calls an ambulance if neededThis person doesnrsquot have to be atrained first aider
- information for employees givingdetails of what yoursquove organised forfirst aid
You may decide that you needsomeone trained in first aid Your firstaid assessment will highlight this ndash youjust need to consider your situationand write down anything significantalong with what you plan to do to dealwith it For example think about howfar away from your nearest surgery or
- Get information on first aid at wwwhsegovukfirstaid and a leaflet onfirst aid from wwwhsegovukpubnsindg214pdf
- Find out what needs reporting and how atwwwhsegovukriddorindexhtm
- Buy an accident book from the HSE at bookshsegovuk or record thedetails in your own system
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 07
Did you knowFour people are killed every weekat work
hospital you could be and whetherany of your staff have complex medicalconditions
By law you must report and keep arecord of certain accidents incidentsand illness
By law you must
Find out more
- Download information on employersrsquo liability insurance atwwwhsegovukpubnshse40pdf
- Find out more on insurance atwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness15310pdf andwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness40507pdf
hellipget insurance for your business
If you have employees yoursquoll probablyneed employersrsquo liability insurance Itprotects you against any costs ofcompensation in claims made againstyou by an employee if they get injuredor ill and itrsquos caused by your business
There may be other types of cover youneed such as public liability businessuse for vehicles or specific insurance tocover accidental damage your workcould cause for example by fallingbranches when yoursquore pruning
hellipkeep your business up to date
Keeping up with news anddevelopments in your sector will helpyou keep your health and safety policyand risk assessments up to date Yoursquollfind help through trade unionsemployersrsquo organisations Business Linkand trade associations
- Read IOSH news and sign up to RSS news feeds at wwwioshcouknews
- Subscribe to free ebulletins at wwwhsegovuknewssubscribe
- Get podcasts from wwwhsegovukpodcasts
- Get SMS text alerts to your mobile from wwwhsegovuksms
Find out more
08 wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
Wersquove covered some of the
basic things you need to do
to comply with the law Here
we look at some specific
issues and legal duties
relevant to your work
Powered tools andequipmentGardening and landscaping equipmentwith powered mechanisms and bladescan be dangerous You must useequipment in the right way Equipmentsupplied in the UK will have a CEcertification to show it complies withvarious European standards You andany staff or contractors will need to beaware of the supplierrsquos operatinginstructions Make sure that yourequipment has the appropriate guardsand safety features and wear thepersonal protective equipment (PPE)suggested by the supplier Donrsquot betempted to modify or override anysafety features for example lawnmower controls ndash theyrsquore there for agood reason
If you use petrol or diesel-poweredequipment think about how andwhere you store both the kit and thefuel and how to ventilate fumes
Yoursquoll need to make sure that yourelectrical equipment isnrsquot designedsolely for domestic use Make sure youcheck and maintain electricalequipment especially as itrsquos likely to bemoved around a lot and used outsideYou may want to consider hiringequipment from a reputable supplier asitrsquos their responsibility to make sure theequipment is maintained and testedand thatrsquos one less headache for you
Think about the noise generated bypowered equipment Mostlawnmowers and strimmers now comewith an indication of the decibels theygenerate ndash if itrsquos higher than 80 dBAthen yoursquoll need to use hearingprotection Remember that damage ndashfrom tinnitus to hearing loss ndash canhappen gradually over a period ofexposure so itrsquos best to prevent itbefore it starts
Did you knowAround 20000 people every yearare diagnosed with hearing lossbecause of their work
- Download a guide on reducing the risks associated with work equipment and tools atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg229pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working with unguarded tools atwwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesguardshtm
- Look at FAQs on working with electricity at wwwhsegovukelectricityfaqhtm
- Look for more information on protecting your hearing atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg363pdf
- Find out more about the risks of vibrating power tools at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakestoolshtm
- Get more on controlling risks from vibration at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg175pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 09
Of course itrsquos not just noise that cancause a problem with poweredequipment ndash you or your team candevelop permanent disabling injuriesfrom vibrations using power tools likestrimmers and trimmers day in dayout Conditions like vibration whitefinger where sufferersrsquo hands becomenumb struggle to grip and are moresensitive to temperature changes canbe painful and disabling Always checkwhat the manufacturer or supplierrecommends
If you move heavy and bulky itemswrongly you can end up with a seriousinjury mainly to your back Yoursquoremost likely to injure yourself if you usetoo much force to lift lower push pullor carry an object and if the item isheavier than you can manage Workingin an awkward position when trying tolift or carry things can also causeproblems And if you or someone whoworks for you has an existing or earlierinjury that can lead to more painfulhealth conditions including lower backpain joint injuries and repetitive straininjuries such as bursitis or tendinitis
Remember that if yoursquore working on yourown or as part of a small team itrsquos toughto keep on top of all the work if you ora key team member canrsquot pull theirweight because of a bad back Try to
- bend your knees and not your back- use some sort of ramp or morethan one person to lift heavyequipment out of a trailer or van
- move heavy materials with atrolley or wheelbarrow or split theload up
- wear gloves if what yoursquore movingis difficult to grip
- clear your route before you movesomething heavy and make surethere is actually somewhere to putyour load down
- watch out for wet or muddypathways that mean you slip whilelifting or moving equipment ormaterials
- avoid twisting while carrying orlifting something heavy
- if yoursquore the boss make sure yourstaff have the right training
Issues to think about
Lifting and carrying
10
- Use a guide to help you cut the risks involved withmoving heavy or bulky objects by hand ndash download itat wwwhsegovukpubnsindg398pdf
- Find out more about the damage you could do if youdonrsquot lift and move things safely atwwwhsegovukmsdindexhtm
Find out more
Did you knowMusculoskeletal disorders ndash fromback pain to sore wrists ndash affect onemillion people every year
A lot of the weedkillers and pesticidesyou use can be harmful but they canbe used safely as long as you followthe instructions from the manufactureror supplier Itrsquos important to use thepersonal protective equipment theyrecommend (eg gloves or a mask) andto follow basic hygiene rules washingor rinsing your hands after usingchemicals and especially before eatingand even before going to the toilet
Some chemicals can burn the skin orhave more long-lasting effects ndash certainchemicals and oils can cause cancer ndashso itrsquos very important to read theinformation that comes with theproducts yoursquore using If you do end upwashing your hands frequently youmight need to use a moisturiser to helpprevent dermatitis
You need to make a list of anysubstances used at work ndash not just theproducts yoursquod use in the gardens buteven cleaning products like bleach oroils too You also need to know whatcan happen if products are spilledaccidentally mixed or splashed ontoskin or into the eyes This is easier thanit sounds ndash most products will have alsquosafety data sheetrsquo that lists storage
disposal and first aid requirements andtheyrsquore free from the manufacturer (ifyou donrsquot have any just ask for them)You might need a simple lsquospill kitrsquo ofsand and a dustpan and brush
Yoursquoll need to do a basic riskassessment of key activities such asstoring mixing and disposing ofchemicals ndash think about whatchemicals yoursquore using who could beharmed if things go wrong and whatprecautions you should take to stoppeople getting hurt
Take care when you handle powdersTry not to create a lot of dust that youmight breathe in and always handlechemicals in a well ventilated areaStore your chemicals properly incorrectly labelled containers ndash whitepowders without labels can look verysimilar If you canrsquot read the label or itgets damaged you could accidentallymix chemicals that react together andbecome more harmful for examplegiving off toxic gases
Find out about disposing of your wastechemicals ndash you may not be allowed topour them down surface water orwastewater drains under environmentallegislation Depending on thequantities of chemicals yoursquore carryingin your van or truck you may evenneed a transport licence from theEnvironment Agency
Itrsquos worth looking to see whatrsquos new onthe market ndash there are products whichcan help cut down your exposure (egready-made solutions rather thanpowders) If you have staff you needto train them and make sure theyfollow safety guidelines and take theprecautions you tell them about
Issues to think about
Handling chemicals
Did you knowThere are 40000 new cases ofoccupational dermatitis the painfulskin condition diagnosed every year
- Find out about working with hazardous substances atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg136pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup11
12
Issues to think about
Did you knowFive thousand cancer cases a yearare caused by exposure to the sunfor those who work mostly outside
People who work outside for a livingwithout protecting themselves fromthe effects of the sun are more likely toget skin cancer Most cases are verytreatable ndash but it is also easilypreventable
You and any people who work for youneed to keep areas of skin covered toprotect it from the harmful effects ofthe sun ndash wear loose clothing thatallows ventilation but make sure it
doesnrsquot get caught in the equipmentyou use It makes sense to wear a capor hat to protect your head and face
You can also use sun block ndash but readthe instructions and make sure youapply it properly and frequentlyWearing heavy duty sun block is moreand more common for peoplespending long periods outside ndash thinkof top level sports like cricket Drinkplenty of fluids in hot weather
Sun exposure
- Find out more about the risks of sun exposure andhow to deal with it atwwwhsegovukskinsunprotecthtm
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
You also need to consider
- Download a guide on preventing slips and trips atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg225pdf
- Find more guidance on using ladders safely atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg402pdf
- Get advice on working outside atwwwhsegovuktemperatureoutdoorhtm
- Find out more about safe driving at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg382pdf
- Get more information about working with contractors atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg368pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working on your own atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg73pdf
- Download our lsquoGoing it alonersquo guide for a quick overview of things to thinkabout when working on your own at wwwioshcouksafestartup
Find out more
Did you knowInjuries caused by slips or trips costemployers more than pound500 million ayear
13
- Slips trips and falls ndash keep whereyoursquore working tidy to cut downthe risk of a damaging accident
- Falls from height ndash when youhave to use a ladder to prune or lopbranches make sure itrsquos secure ndash ifyou canrsquot ask someone to foot ityou could tie it in place before youstart work Make sure you can workwithout stretching ndash itrsquos a commoncause of accidents
- Bad weather ndash weather conditionscan cause problems to many outsidetrades If you or your team canrsquotavoid working in bad weather tryto cut down the time spent in poorconditions for example workingunder shelter You should also takeregular breaks and wear suitableclothing Remember that someequipment will have limitations incertain weather conditions ndash checkwhat the manufacturer says
- Driving ndash donrsquot forget to thinkabout driving for work as part ofyour safety planning The effect ofan accident on a small business orself-employed individual ndash from acollision to materials falling off amoving vehicle ndash is likely to begreater than on a larger businesswith better resources Plan eachjourney allow plenty of time andmake sure your equipment andanything else you load up is securebefore you set off
- Contractors ndash you may work withor take on contractors Make surethey have the right skills andknowledge to do their job safelyand that they understand whatperformance you expect Explainyour site health and safety rules tothem (for example what to do inan emergency looking after toolsproperly) and if you have a policymake sure they understand and
This IOSH guide is designed as an introduction to health and safety basics for low risk businesses and is not intended to give exhaustive coverageof the subject We encourage all employers and business owners to find out more about the detailed legal requirements affecting your businessat wwwhsegovuk
follow it Donrsquot forget that you canbe held legally responsible for whatyour contractors do or donrsquot do
- Working on your own ndash alwaystake your mobile phone with youand try to let a friend or relativeknow where yoursquore planning to goeach day
Did you knowA third of all fall-from-heightaccidents involve ladders orstepladders ndash 14 people are killedand 1200 suffer major injuries a year
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
By law you must
Find out more
- Download information on employersrsquo liability insurance atwwwhsegovukpubnshse40pdf
- Find out more on insurance atwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness15310pdf andwwwabiorgukInformationBusiness40507pdf
hellipget insurance for your business
If you have employees yoursquoll probablyneed employersrsquo liability insurance Itprotects you against any costs ofcompensation in claims made againstyou by an employee if they get injuredor ill and itrsquos caused by your business
There may be other types of cover youneed such as public liability businessuse for vehicles or specific insurance tocover accidental damage your workcould cause for example by fallingbranches when yoursquore pruning
hellipkeep your business up to date
Keeping up with news anddevelopments in your sector will helpyou keep your health and safety policyand risk assessments up to date Yoursquollfind help through trade unionsemployersrsquo organisations Business Linkand trade associations
- Read IOSH news and sign up to RSS news feeds at wwwioshcouknews
- Subscribe to free ebulletins at wwwhsegovuknewssubscribe
- Get podcasts from wwwhsegovukpodcasts
- Get SMS text alerts to your mobile from wwwhsegovuksms
Find out more
08 wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
Wersquove covered some of the
basic things you need to do
to comply with the law Here
we look at some specific
issues and legal duties
relevant to your work
Powered tools andequipmentGardening and landscaping equipmentwith powered mechanisms and bladescan be dangerous You must useequipment in the right way Equipmentsupplied in the UK will have a CEcertification to show it complies withvarious European standards You andany staff or contractors will need to beaware of the supplierrsquos operatinginstructions Make sure that yourequipment has the appropriate guardsand safety features and wear thepersonal protective equipment (PPE)suggested by the supplier Donrsquot betempted to modify or override anysafety features for example lawnmower controls ndash theyrsquore there for agood reason
If you use petrol or diesel-poweredequipment think about how andwhere you store both the kit and thefuel and how to ventilate fumes
Yoursquoll need to make sure that yourelectrical equipment isnrsquot designedsolely for domestic use Make sure youcheck and maintain electricalequipment especially as itrsquos likely to bemoved around a lot and used outsideYou may want to consider hiringequipment from a reputable supplier asitrsquos their responsibility to make sure theequipment is maintained and testedand thatrsquos one less headache for you
Think about the noise generated bypowered equipment Mostlawnmowers and strimmers now comewith an indication of the decibels theygenerate ndash if itrsquos higher than 80 dBAthen yoursquoll need to use hearingprotection Remember that damage ndashfrom tinnitus to hearing loss ndash canhappen gradually over a period ofexposure so itrsquos best to prevent itbefore it starts
Did you knowAround 20000 people every yearare diagnosed with hearing lossbecause of their work
- Download a guide on reducing the risks associated with work equipment and tools atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg229pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working with unguarded tools atwwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesguardshtm
- Look at FAQs on working with electricity at wwwhsegovukelectricityfaqhtm
- Look for more information on protecting your hearing atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg363pdf
- Find out more about the risks of vibrating power tools at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakestoolshtm
- Get more on controlling risks from vibration at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg175pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 09
Of course itrsquos not just noise that cancause a problem with poweredequipment ndash you or your team candevelop permanent disabling injuriesfrom vibrations using power tools likestrimmers and trimmers day in dayout Conditions like vibration whitefinger where sufferersrsquo hands becomenumb struggle to grip and are moresensitive to temperature changes canbe painful and disabling Always checkwhat the manufacturer or supplierrecommends
If you move heavy and bulky itemswrongly you can end up with a seriousinjury mainly to your back Yoursquoremost likely to injure yourself if you usetoo much force to lift lower push pullor carry an object and if the item isheavier than you can manage Workingin an awkward position when trying tolift or carry things can also causeproblems And if you or someone whoworks for you has an existing or earlierinjury that can lead to more painfulhealth conditions including lower backpain joint injuries and repetitive straininjuries such as bursitis or tendinitis
Remember that if yoursquore working on yourown or as part of a small team itrsquos toughto keep on top of all the work if you ora key team member canrsquot pull theirweight because of a bad back Try to
- bend your knees and not your back- use some sort of ramp or morethan one person to lift heavyequipment out of a trailer or van
- move heavy materials with atrolley or wheelbarrow or split theload up
- wear gloves if what yoursquore movingis difficult to grip
- clear your route before you movesomething heavy and make surethere is actually somewhere to putyour load down
- watch out for wet or muddypathways that mean you slip whilelifting or moving equipment ormaterials
- avoid twisting while carrying orlifting something heavy
- if yoursquore the boss make sure yourstaff have the right training
Issues to think about
Lifting and carrying
10
- Use a guide to help you cut the risks involved withmoving heavy or bulky objects by hand ndash download itat wwwhsegovukpubnsindg398pdf
- Find out more about the damage you could do if youdonrsquot lift and move things safely atwwwhsegovukmsdindexhtm
Find out more
Did you knowMusculoskeletal disorders ndash fromback pain to sore wrists ndash affect onemillion people every year
A lot of the weedkillers and pesticidesyou use can be harmful but they canbe used safely as long as you followthe instructions from the manufactureror supplier Itrsquos important to use thepersonal protective equipment theyrecommend (eg gloves or a mask) andto follow basic hygiene rules washingor rinsing your hands after usingchemicals and especially before eatingand even before going to the toilet
Some chemicals can burn the skin orhave more long-lasting effects ndash certainchemicals and oils can cause cancer ndashso itrsquos very important to read theinformation that comes with theproducts yoursquore using If you do end upwashing your hands frequently youmight need to use a moisturiser to helpprevent dermatitis
You need to make a list of anysubstances used at work ndash not just theproducts yoursquod use in the gardens buteven cleaning products like bleach oroils too You also need to know whatcan happen if products are spilledaccidentally mixed or splashed ontoskin or into the eyes This is easier thanit sounds ndash most products will have alsquosafety data sheetrsquo that lists storage
disposal and first aid requirements andtheyrsquore free from the manufacturer (ifyou donrsquot have any just ask for them)You might need a simple lsquospill kitrsquo ofsand and a dustpan and brush
Yoursquoll need to do a basic riskassessment of key activities such asstoring mixing and disposing ofchemicals ndash think about whatchemicals yoursquore using who could beharmed if things go wrong and whatprecautions you should take to stoppeople getting hurt
Take care when you handle powdersTry not to create a lot of dust that youmight breathe in and always handlechemicals in a well ventilated areaStore your chemicals properly incorrectly labelled containers ndash whitepowders without labels can look verysimilar If you canrsquot read the label or itgets damaged you could accidentallymix chemicals that react together andbecome more harmful for examplegiving off toxic gases
Find out about disposing of your wastechemicals ndash you may not be allowed topour them down surface water orwastewater drains under environmentallegislation Depending on thequantities of chemicals yoursquore carryingin your van or truck you may evenneed a transport licence from theEnvironment Agency
Itrsquos worth looking to see whatrsquos new onthe market ndash there are products whichcan help cut down your exposure (egready-made solutions rather thanpowders) If you have staff you needto train them and make sure theyfollow safety guidelines and take theprecautions you tell them about
Issues to think about
Handling chemicals
Did you knowThere are 40000 new cases ofoccupational dermatitis the painfulskin condition diagnosed every year
- Find out about working with hazardous substances atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg136pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup11
12
Issues to think about
Did you knowFive thousand cancer cases a yearare caused by exposure to the sunfor those who work mostly outside
People who work outside for a livingwithout protecting themselves fromthe effects of the sun are more likely toget skin cancer Most cases are verytreatable ndash but it is also easilypreventable
You and any people who work for youneed to keep areas of skin covered toprotect it from the harmful effects ofthe sun ndash wear loose clothing thatallows ventilation but make sure it
doesnrsquot get caught in the equipmentyou use It makes sense to wear a capor hat to protect your head and face
You can also use sun block ndash but readthe instructions and make sure youapply it properly and frequentlyWearing heavy duty sun block is moreand more common for peoplespending long periods outside ndash thinkof top level sports like cricket Drinkplenty of fluids in hot weather
Sun exposure
- Find out more about the risks of sun exposure andhow to deal with it atwwwhsegovukskinsunprotecthtm
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
You also need to consider
- Download a guide on preventing slips and trips atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg225pdf
- Find more guidance on using ladders safely atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg402pdf
- Get advice on working outside atwwwhsegovuktemperatureoutdoorhtm
- Find out more about safe driving at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg382pdf
- Get more information about working with contractors atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg368pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working on your own atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg73pdf
- Download our lsquoGoing it alonersquo guide for a quick overview of things to thinkabout when working on your own at wwwioshcouksafestartup
Find out more
Did you knowInjuries caused by slips or trips costemployers more than pound500 million ayear
13
- Slips trips and falls ndash keep whereyoursquore working tidy to cut downthe risk of a damaging accident
- Falls from height ndash when youhave to use a ladder to prune or lopbranches make sure itrsquos secure ndash ifyou canrsquot ask someone to foot ityou could tie it in place before youstart work Make sure you can workwithout stretching ndash itrsquos a commoncause of accidents
- Bad weather ndash weather conditionscan cause problems to many outsidetrades If you or your team canrsquotavoid working in bad weather tryto cut down the time spent in poorconditions for example workingunder shelter You should also takeregular breaks and wear suitableclothing Remember that someequipment will have limitations incertain weather conditions ndash checkwhat the manufacturer says
- Driving ndash donrsquot forget to thinkabout driving for work as part ofyour safety planning The effect ofan accident on a small business orself-employed individual ndash from acollision to materials falling off amoving vehicle ndash is likely to begreater than on a larger businesswith better resources Plan eachjourney allow plenty of time andmake sure your equipment andanything else you load up is securebefore you set off
- Contractors ndash you may work withor take on contractors Make surethey have the right skills andknowledge to do their job safelyand that they understand whatperformance you expect Explainyour site health and safety rules tothem (for example what to do inan emergency looking after toolsproperly) and if you have a policymake sure they understand and
This IOSH guide is designed as an introduction to health and safety basics for low risk businesses and is not intended to give exhaustive coverageof the subject We encourage all employers and business owners to find out more about the detailed legal requirements affecting your businessat wwwhsegovuk
follow it Donrsquot forget that you canbe held legally responsible for whatyour contractors do or donrsquot do
- Working on your own ndash alwaystake your mobile phone with youand try to let a friend or relativeknow where yoursquore planning to goeach day
Did you knowA third of all fall-from-heightaccidents involve ladders orstepladders ndash 14 people are killedand 1200 suffer major injuries a year
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
Issues to think about
Wersquove covered some of the
basic things you need to do
to comply with the law Here
we look at some specific
issues and legal duties
relevant to your work
Powered tools andequipmentGardening and landscaping equipmentwith powered mechanisms and bladescan be dangerous You must useequipment in the right way Equipmentsupplied in the UK will have a CEcertification to show it complies withvarious European standards You andany staff or contractors will need to beaware of the supplierrsquos operatinginstructions Make sure that yourequipment has the appropriate guardsand safety features and wear thepersonal protective equipment (PPE)suggested by the supplier Donrsquot betempted to modify or override anysafety features for example lawnmower controls ndash theyrsquore there for agood reason
If you use petrol or diesel-poweredequipment think about how andwhere you store both the kit and thefuel and how to ventilate fumes
Yoursquoll need to make sure that yourelectrical equipment isnrsquot designedsolely for domestic use Make sure youcheck and maintain electricalequipment especially as itrsquos likely to bemoved around a lot and used outsideYou may want to consider hiringequipment from a reputable supplier asitrsquos their responsibility to make sure theequipment is maintained and testedand thatrsquos one less headache for you
Think about the noise generated bypowered equipment Mostlawnmowers and strimmers now comewith an indication of the decibels theygenerate ndash if itrsquos higher than 80 dBAthen yoursquoll need to use hearingprotection Remember that damage ndashfrom tinnitus to hearing loss ndash canhappen gradually over a period ofexposure so itrsquos best to prevent itbefore it starts
Did you knowAround 20000 people every yearare diagnosed with hearing lossbecause of their work
- Download a guide on reducing the risks associated with work equipment and tools atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg229pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working with unguarded tools atwwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakesguardshtm
- Look at FAQs on working with electricity at wwwhsegovukelectricityfaqhtm
- Look for more information on protecting your hearing atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg363pdf
- Find out more about the risks of vibrating power tools at wwwhsegovukfee-for-interventionbasic-safety-mistakestoolshtm
- Get more on controlling risks from vibration at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg175pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup 09
Of course itrsquos not just noise that cancause a problem with poweredequipment ndash you or your team candevelop permanent disabling injuriesfrom vibrations using power tools likestrimmers and trimmers day in dayout Conditions like vibration whitefinger where sufferersrsquo hands becomenumb struggle to grip and are moresensitive to temperature changes canbe painful and disabling Always checkwhat the manufacturer or supplierrecommends
If you move heavy and bulky itemswrongly you can end up with a seriousinjury mainly to your back Yoursquoremost likely to injure yourself if you usetoo much force to lift lower push pullor carry an object and if the item isheavier than you can manage Workingin an awkward position when trying tolift or carry things can also causeproblems And if you or someone whoworks for you has an existing or earlierinjury that can lead to more painfulhealth conditions including lower backpain joint injuries and repetitive straininjuries such as bursitis or tendinitis
Remember that if yoursquore working on yourown or as part of a small team itrsquos toughto keep on top of all the work if you ora key team member canrsquot pull theirweight because of a bad back Try to
- bend your knees and not your back- use some sort of ramp or morethan one person to lift heavyequipment out of a trailer or van
- move heavy materials with atrolley or wheelbarrow or split theload up
- wear gloves if what yoursquore movingis difficult to grip
- clear your route before you movesomething heavy and make surethere is actually somewhere to putyour load down
- watch out for wet or muddypathways that mean you slip whilelifting or moving equipment ormaterials
- avoid twisting while carrying orlifting something heavy
- if yoursquore the boss make sure yourstaff have the right training
Issues to think about
Lifting and carrying
10
- Use a guide to help you cut the risks involved withmoving heavy or bulky objects by hand ndash download itat wwwhsegovukpubnsindg398pdf
- Find out more about the damage you could do if youdonrsquot lift and move things safely atwwwhsegovukmsdindexhtm
Find out more
Did you knowMusculoskeletal disorders ndash fromback pain to sore wrists ndash affect onemillion people every year
A lot of the weedkillers and pesticidesyou use can be harmful but they canbe used safely as long as you followthe instructions from the manufactureror supplier Itrsquos important to use thepersonal protective equipment theyrecommend (eg gloves or a mask) andto follow basic hygiene rules washingor rinsing your hands after usingchemicals and especially before eatingand even before going to the toilet
Some chemicals can burn the skin orhave more long-lasting effects ndash certainchemicals and oils can cause cancer ndashso itrsquos very important to read theinformation that comes with theproducts yoursquore using If you do end upwashing your hands frequently youmight need to use a moisturiser to helpprevent dermatitis
You need to make a list of anysubstances used at work ndash not just theproducts yoursquod use in the gardens buteven cleaning products like bleach oroils too You also need to know whatcan happen if products are spilledaccidentally mixed or splashed ontoskin or into the eyes This is easier thanit sounds ndash most products will have alsquosafety data sheetrsquo that lists storage
disposal and first aid requirements andtheyrsquore free from the manufacturer (ifyou donrsquot have any just ask for them)You might need a simple lsquospill kitrsquo ofsand and a dustpan and brush
Yoursquoll need to do a basic riskassessment of key activities such asstoring mixing and disposing ofchemicals ndash think about whatchemicals yoursquore using who could beharmed if things go wrong and whatprecautions you should take to stoppeople getting hurt
Take care when you handle powdersTry not to create a lot of dust that youmight breathe in and always handlechemicals in a well ventilated areaStore your chemicals properly incorrectly labelled containers ndash whitepowders without labels can look verysimilar If you canrsquot read the label or itgets damaged you could accidentallymix chemicals that react together andbecome more harmful for examplegiving off toxic gases
Find out about disposing of your wastechemicals ndash you may not be allowed topour them down surface water orwastewater drains under environmentallegislation Depending on thequantities of chemicals yoursquore carryingin your van or truck you may evenneed a transport licence from theEnvironment Agency
Itrsquos worth looking to see whatrsquos new onthe market ndash there are products whichcan help cut down your exposure (egready-made solutions rather thanpowders) If you have staff you needto train them and make sure theyfollow safety guidelines and take theprecautions you tell them about
Issues to think about
Handling chemicals
Did you knowThere are 40000 new cases ofoccupational dermatitis the painfulskin condition diagnosed every year
- Find out about working with hazardous substances atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg136pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup11
12
Issues to think about
Did you knowFive thousand cancer cases a yearare caused by exposure to the sunfor those who work mostly outside
People who work outside for a livingwithout protecting themselves fromthe effects of the sun are more likely toget skin cancer Most cases are verytreatable ndash but it is also easilypreventable
You and any people who work for youneed to keep areas of skin covered toprotect it from the harmful effects ofthe sun ndash wear loose clothing thatallows ventilation but make sure it
doesnrsquot get caught in the equipmentyou use It makes sense to wear a capor hat to protect your head and face
You can also use sun block ndash but readthe instructions and make sure youapply it properly and frequentlyWearing heavy duty sun block is moreand more common for peoplespending long periods outside ndash thinkof top level sports like cricket Drinkplenty of fluids in hot weather
Sun exposure
- Find out more about the risks of sun exposure andhow to deal with it atwwwhsegovukskinsunprotecthtm
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
You also need to consider
- Download a guide on preventing slips and trips atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg225pdf
- Find more guidance on using ladders safely atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg402pdf
- Get advice on working outside atwwwhsegovuktemperatureoutdoorhtm
- Find out more about safe driving at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg382pdf
- Get more information about working with contractors atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg368pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working on your own atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg73pdf
- Download our lsquoGoing it alonersquo guide for a quick overview of things to thinkabout when working on your own at wwwioshcouksafestartup
Find out more
Did you knowInjuries caused by slips or trips costemployers more than pound500 million ayear
13
- Slips trips and falls ndash keep whereyoursquore working tidy to cut downthe risk of a damaging accident
- Falls from height ndash when youhave to use a ladder to prune or lopbranches make sure itrsquos secure ndash ifyou canrsquot ask someone to foot ityou could tie it in place before youstart work Make sure you can workwithout stretching ndash itrsquos a commoncause of accidents
- Bad weather ndash weather conditionscan cause problems to many outsidetrades If you or your team canrsquotavoid working in bad weather tryto cut down the time spent in poorconditions for example workingunder shelter You should also takeregular breaks and wear suitableclothing Remember that someequipment will have limitations incertain weather conditions ndash checkwhat the manufacturer says
- Driving ndash donrsquot forget to thinkabout driving for work as part ofyour safety planning The effect ofan accident on a small business orself-employed individual ndash from acollision to materials falling off amoving vehicle ndash is likely to begreater than on a larger businesswith better resources Plan eachjourney allow plenty of time andmake sure your equipment andanything else you load up is securebefore you set off
- Contractors ndash you may work withor take on contractors Make surethey have the right skills andknowledge to do their job safelyand that they understand whatperformance you expect Explainyour site health and safety rules tothem (for example what to do inan emergency looking after toolsproperly) and if you have a policymake sure they understand and
This IOSH guide is designed as an introduction to health and safety basics for low risk businesses and is not intended to give exhaustive coverageof the subject We encourage all employers and business owners to find out more about the detailed legal requirements affecting your businessat wwwhsegovuk
follow it Donrsquot forget that you canbe held legally responsible for whatyour contractors do or donrsquot do
- Working on your own ndash alwaystake your mobile phone with youand try to let a friend or relativeknow where yoursquore planning to goeach day
Did you knowA third of all fall-from-heightaccidents involve ladders orstepladders ndash 14 people are killedand 1200 suffer major injuries a year
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
If you move heavy and bulky itemswrongly you can end up with a seriousinjury mainly to your back Yoursquoremost likely to injure yourself if you usetoo much force to lift lower push pullor carry an object and if the item isheavier than you can manage Workingin an awkward position when trying tolift or carry things can also causeproblems And if you or someone whoworks for you has an existing or earlierinjury that can lead to more painfulhealth conditions including lower backpain joint injuries and repetitive straininjuries such as bursitis or tendinitis
Remember that if yoursquore working on yourown or as part of a small team itrsquos toughto keep on top of all the work if you ora key team member canrsquot pull theirweight because of a bad back Try to
- bend your knees and not your back- use some sort of ramp or morethan one person to lift heavyequipment out of a trailer or van
- move heavy materials with atrolley or wheelbarrow or split theload up
- wear gloves if what yoursquore movingis difficult to grip
- clear your route before you movesomething heavy and make surethere is actually somewhere to putyour load down
- watch out for wet or muddypathways that mean you slip whilelifting or moving equipment ormaterials
- avoid twisting while carrying orlifting something heavy
- if yoursquore the boss make sure yourstaff have the right training
Issues to think about
Lifting and carrying
10
- Use a guide to help you cut the risks involved withmoving heavy or bulky objects by hand ndash download itat wwwhsegovukpubnsindg398pdf
- Find out more about the damage you could do if youdonrsquot lift and move things safely atwwwhsegovukmsdindexhtm
Find out more
Did you knowMusculoskeletal disorders ndash fromback pain to sore wrists ndash affect onemillion people every year
A lot of the weedkillers and pesticidesyou use can be harmful but they canbe used safely as long as you followthe instructions from the manufactureror supplier Itrsquos important to use thepersonal protective equipment theyrecommend (eg gloves or a mask) andto follow basic hygiene rules washingor rinsing your hands after usingchemicals and especially before eatingand even before going to the toilet
Some chemicals can burn the skin orhave more long-lasting effects ndash certainchemicals and oils can cause cancer ndashso itrsquos very important to read theinformation that comes with theproducts yoursquore using If you do end upwashing your hands frequently youmight need to use a moisturiser to helpprevent dermatitis
You need to make a list of anysubstances used at work ndash not just theproducts yoursquod use in the gardens buteven cleaning products like bleach oroils too You also need to know whatcan happen if products are spilledaccidentally mixed or splashed ontoskin or into the eyes This is easier thanit sounds ndash most products will have alsquosafety data sheetrsquo that lists storage
disposal and first aid requirements andtheyrsquore free from the manufacturer (ifyou donrsquot have any just ask for them)You might need a simple lsquospill kitrsquo ofsand and a dustpan and brush
Yoursquoll need to do a basic riskassessment of key activities such asstoring mixing and disposing ofchemicals ndash think about whatchemicals yoursquore using who could beharmed if things go wrong and whatprecautions you should take to stoppeople getting hurt
Take care when you handle powdersTry not to create a lot of dust that youmight breathe in and always handlechemicals in a well ventilated areaStore your chemicals properly incorrectly labelled containers ndash whitepowders without labels can look verysimilar If you canrsquot read the label or itgets damaged you could accidentallymix chemicals that react together andbecome more harmful for examplegiving off toxic gases
Find out about disposing of your wastechemicals ndash you may not be allowed topour them down surface water orwastewater drains under environmentallegislation Depending on thequantities of chemicals yoursquore carryingin your van or truck you may evenneed a transport licence from theEnvironment Agency
Itrsquos worth looking to see whatrsquos new onthe market ndash there are products whichcan help cut down your exposure (egready-made solutions rather thanpowders) If you have staff you needto train them and make sure theyfollow safety guidelines and take theprecautions you tell them about
Issues to think about
Handling chemicals
Did you knowThere are 40000 new cases ofoccupational dermatitis the painfulskin condition diagnosed every year
- Find out about working with hazardous substances atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg136pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup11
12
Issues to think about
Did you knowFive thousand cancer cases a yearare caused by exposure to the sunfor those who work mostly outside
People who work outside for a livingwithout protecting themselves fromthe effects of the sun are more likely toget skin cancer Most cases are verytreatable ndash but it is also easilypreventable
You and any people who work for youneed to keep areas of skin covered toprotect it from the harmful effects ofthe sun ndash wear loose clothing thatallows ventilation but make sure it
doesnrsquot get caught in the equipmentyou use It makes sense to wear a capor hat to protect your head and face
You can also use sun block ndash but readthe instructions and make sure youapply it properly and frequentlyWearing heavy duty sun block is moreand more common for peoplespending long periods outside ndash thinkof top level sports like cricket Drinkplenty of fluids in hot weather
Sun exposure
- Find out more about the risks of sun exposure andhow to deal with it atwwwhsegovukskinsunprotecthtm
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
You also need to consider
- Download a guide on preventing slips and trips atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg225pdf
- Find more guidance on using ladders safely atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg402pdf
- Get advice on working outside atwwwhsegovuktemperatureoutdoorhtm
- Find out more about safe driving at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg382pdf
- Get more information about working with contractors atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg368pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working on your own atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg73pdf
- Download our lsquoGoing it alonersquo guide for a quick overview of things to thinkabout when working on your own at wwwioshcouksafestartup
Find out more
Did you knowInjuries caused by slips or trips costemployers more than pound500 million ayear
13
- Slips trips and falls ndash keep whereyoursquore working tidy to cut downthe risk of a damaging accident
- Falls from height ndash when youhave to use a ladder to prune or lopbranches make sure itrsquos secure ndash ifyou canrsquot ask someone to foot ityou could tie it in place before youstart work Make sure you can workwithout stretching ndash itrsquos a commoncause of accidents
- Bad weather ndash weather conditionscan cause problems to many outsidetrades If you or your team canrsquotavoid working in bad weather tryto cut down the time spent in poorconditions for example workingunder shelter You should also takeregular breaks and wear suitableclothing Remember that someequipment will have limitations incertain weather conditions ndash checkwhat the manufacturer says
- Driving ndash donrsquot forget to thinkabout driving for work as part ofyour safety planning The effect ofan accident on a small business orself-employed individual ndash from acollision to materials falling off amoving vehicle ndash is likely to begreater than on a larger businesswith better resources Plan eachjourney allow plenty of time andmake sure your equipment andanything else you load up is securebefore you set off
- Contractors ndash you may work withor take on contractors Make surethey have the right skills andknowledge to do their job safelyand that they understand whatperformance you expect Explainyour site health and safety rules tothem (for example what to do inan emergency looking after toolsproperly) and if you have a policymake sure they understand and
This IOSH guide is designed as an introduction to health and safety basics for low risk businesses and is not intended to give exhaustive coverageof the subject We encourage all employers and business owners to find out more about the detailed legal requirements affecting your businessat wwwhsegovuk
follow it Donrsquot forget that you canbe held legally responsible for whatyour contractors do or donrsquot do
- Working on your own ndash alwaystake your mobile phone with youand try to let a friend or relativeknow where yoursquore planning to goeach day
Did you knowA third of all fall-from-heightaccidents involve ladders orstepladders ndash 14 people are killedand 1200 suffer major injuries a year
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
A lot of the weedkillers and pesticidesyou use can be harmful but they canbe used safely as long as you followthe instructions from the manufactureror supplier Itrsquos important to use thepersonal protective equipment theyrecommend (eg gloves or a mask) andto follow basic hygiene rules washingor rinsing your hands after usingchemicals and especially before eatingand even before going to the toilet
Some chemicals can burn the skin orhave more long-lasting effects ndash certainchemicals and oils can cause cancer ndashso itrsquos very important to read theinformation that comes with theproducts yoursquore using If you do end upwashing your hands frequently youmight need to use a moisturiser to helpprevent dermatitis
You need to make a list of anysubstances used at work ndash not just theproducts yoursquod use in the gardens buteven cleaning products like bleach oroils too You also need to know whatcan happen if products are spilledaccidentally mixed or splashed ontoskin or into the eyes This is easier thanit sounds ndash most products will have alsquosafety data sheetrsquo that lists storage
disposal and first aid requirements andtheyrsquore free from the manufacturer (ifyou donrsquot have any just ask for them)You might need a simple lsquospill kitrsquo ofsand and a dustpan and brush
Yoursquoll need to do a basic riskassessment of key activities such asstoring mixing and disposing ofchemicals ndash think about whatchemicals yoursquore using who could beharmed if things go wrong and whatprecautions you should take to stoppeople getting hurt
Take care when you handle powdersTry not to create a lot of dust that youmight breathe in and always handlechemicals in a well ventilated areaStore your chemicals properly incorrectly labelled containers ndash whitepowders without labels can look verysimilar If you canrsquot read the label or itgets damaged you could accidentallymix chemicals that react together andbecome more harmful for examplegiving off toxic gases
Find out about disposing of your wastechemicals ndash you may not be allowed topour them down surface water orwastewater drains under environmentallegislation Depending on thequantities of chemicals yoursquore carryingin your van or truck you may evenneed a transport licence from theEnvironment Agency
Itrsquos worth looking to see whatrsquos new onthe market ndash there are products whichcan help cut down your exposure (egready-made solutions rather thanpowders) If you have staff you needto train them and make sure theyfollow safety guidelines and take theprecautions you tell them about
Issues to think about
Handling chemicals
Did you knowThere are 40000 new cases ofoccupational dermatitis the painfulskin condition diagnosed every year
- Find out about working with hazardous substances atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg136pdf
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup11
12
Issues to think about
Did you knowFive thousand cancer cases a yearare caused by exposure to the sunfor those who work mostly outside
People who work outside for a livingwithout protecting themselves fromthe effects of the sun are more likely toget skin cancer Most cases are verytreatable ndash but it is also easilypreventable
You and any people who work for youneed to keep areas of skin covered toprotect it from the harmful effects ofthe sun ndash wear loose clothing thatallows ventilation but make sure it
doesnrsquot get caught in the equipmentyou use It makes sense to wear a capor hat to protect your head and face
You can also use sun block ndash but readthe instructions and make sure youapply it properly and frequentlyWearing heavy duty sun block is moreand more common for peoplespending long periods outside ndash thinkof top level sports like cricket Drinkplenty of fluids in hot weather
Sun exposure
- Find out more about the risks of sun exposure andhow to deal with it atwwwhsegovukskinsunprotecthtm
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
You also need to consider
- Download a guide on preventing slips and trips atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg225pdf
- Find more guidance on using ladders safely atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg402pdf
- Get advice on working outside atwwwhsegovuktemperatureoutdoorhtm
- Find out more about safe driving at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg382pdf
- Get more information about working with contractors atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg368pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working on your own atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg73pdf
- Download our lsquoGoing it alonersquo guide for a quick overview of things to thinkabout when working on your own at wwwioshcouksafestartup
Find out more
Did you knowInjuries caused by slips or trips costemployers more than pound500 million ayear
13
- Slips trips and falls ndash keep whereyoursquore working tidy to cut downthe risk of a damaging accident
- Falls from height ndash when youhave to use a ladder to prune or lopbranches make sure itrsquos secure ndash ifyou canrsquot ask someone to foot ityou could tie it in place before youstart work Make sure you can workwithout stretching ndash itrsquos a commoncause of accidents
- Bad weather ndash weather conditionscan cause problems to many outsidetrades If you or your team canrsquotavoid working in bad weather tryto cut down the time spent in poorconditions for example workingunder shelter You should also takeregular breaks and wear suitableclothing Remember that someequipment will have limitations incertain weather conditions ndash checkwhat the manufacturer says
- Driving ndash donrsquot forget to thinkabout driving for work as part ofyour safety planning The effect ofan accident on a small business orself-employed individual ndash from acollision to materials falling off amoving vehicle ndash is likely to begreater than on a larger businesswith better resources Plan eachjourney allow plenty of time andmake sure your equipment andanything else you load up is securebefore you set off
- Contractors ndash you may work withor take on contractors Make surethey have the right skills andknowledge to do their job safelyand that they understand whatperformance you expect Explainyour site health and safety rules tothem (for example what to do inan emergency looking after toolsproperly) and if you have a policymake sure they understand and
This IOSH guide is designed as an introduction to health and safety basics for low risk businesses and is not intended to give exhaustive coverageof the subject We encourage all employers and business owners to find out more about the detailed legal requirements affecting your businessat wwwhsegovuk
follow it Donrsquot forget that you canbe held legally responsible for whatyour contractors do or donrsquot do
- Working on your own ndash alwaystake your mobile phone with youand try to let a friend or relativeknow where yoursquore planning to goeach day
Did you knowA third of all fall-from-heightaccidents involve ladders orstepladders ndash 14 people are killedand 1200 suffer major injuries a year
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
12
Issues to think about
Did you knowFive thousand cancer cases a yearare caused by exposure to the sunfor those who work mostly outside
People who work outside for a livingwithout protecting themselves fromthe effects of the sun are more likely toget skin cancer Most cases are verytreatable ndash but it is also easilypreventable
You and any people who work for youneed to keep areas of skin covered toprotect it from the harmful effects ofthe sun ndash wear loose clothing thatallows ventilation but make sure it
doesnrsquot get caught in the equipmentyou use It makes sense to wear a capor hat to protect your head and face
You can also use sun block ndash but readthe instructions and make sure youapply it properly and frequentlyWearing heavy duty sun block is moreand more common for peoplespending long periods outside ndash thinkof top level sports like cricket Drinkplenty of fluids in hot weather
Sun exposure
- Find out more about the risks of sun exposure andhow to deal with it atwwwhsegovukskinsunprotecthtm
Find out more
wwwioshcouksafestartup
Issues to think about
You also need to consider
- Download a guide on preventing slips and trips atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg225pdf
- Find more guidance on using ladders safely atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg402pdf
- Get advice on working outside atwwwhsegovuktemperatureoutdoorhtm
- Find out more about safe driving at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg382pdf
- Get more information about working with contractors atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg368pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working on your own atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg73pdf
- Download our lsquoGoing it alonersquo guide for a quick overview of things to thinkabout when working on your own at wwwioshcouksafestartup
Find out more
Did you knowInjuries caused by slips or trips costemployers more than pound500 million ayear
13
- Slips trips and falls ndash keep whereyoursquore working tidy to cut downthe risk of a damaging accident
- Falls from height ndash when youhave to use a ladder to prune or lopbranches make sure itrsquos secure ndash ifyou canrsquot ask someone to foot ityou could tie it in place before youstart work Make sure you can workwithout stretching ndash itrsquos a commoncause of accidents
- Bad weather ndash weather conditionscan cause problems to many outsidetrades If you or your team canrsquotavoid working in bad weather tryto cut down the time spent in poorconditions for example workingunder shelter You should also takeregular breaks and wear suitableclothing Remember that someequipment will have limitations incertain weather conditions ndash checkwhat the manufacturer says
- Driving ndash donrsquot forget to thinkabout driving for work as part ofyour safety planning The effect ofan accident on a small business orself-employed individual ndash from acollision to materials falling off amoving vehicle ndash is likely to begreater than on a larger businesswith better resources Plan eachjourney allow plenty of time andmake sure your equipment andanything else you load up is securebefore you set off
- Contractors ndash you may work withor take on contractors Make surethey have the right skills andknowledge to do their job safelyand that they understand whatperformance you expect Explainyour site health and safety rules tothem (for example what to do inan emergency looking after toolsproperly) and if you have a policymake sure they understand and
This IOSH guide is designed as an introduction to health and safety basics for low risk businesses and is not intended to give exhaustive coverageof the subject We encourage all employers and business owners to find out more about the detailed legal requirements affecting your businessat wwwhsegovuk
follow it Donrsquot forget that you canbe held legally responsible for whatyour contractors do or donrsquot do
- Working on your own ndash alwaystake your mobile phone with youand try to let a friend or relativeknow where yoursquore planning to goeach day
Did you knowA third of all fall-from-heightaccidents involve ladders orstepladders ndash 14 people are killedand 1200 suffer major injuries a year
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
Issues to think about
You also need to consider
- Download a guide on preventing slips and trips atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg225pdf
- Find more guidance on using ladders safely atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg402pdf
- Get advice on working outside atwwwhsegovuktemperatureoutdoorhtm
- Find out more about safe driving at wwwhsegovukpubnsindg382pdf
- Get more information about working with contractors atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg368pdf
- Find out more about the risks of working on your own atwwwhsegovukpubnsindg73pdf
- Download our lsquoGoing it alonersquo guide for a quick overview of things to thinkabout when working on your own at wwwioshcouksafestartup
Find out more
Did you knowInjuries caused by slips or trips costemployers more than pound500 million ayear
13
- Slips trips and falls ndash keep whereyoursquore working tidy to cut downthe risk of a damaging accident
- Falls from height ndash when youhave to use a ladder to prune or lopbranches make sure itrsquos secure ndash ifyou canrsquot ask someone to foot ityou could tie it in place before youstart work Make sure you can workwithout stretching ndash itrsquos a commoncause of accidents
- Bad weather ndash weather conditionscan cause problems to many outsidetrades If you or your team canrsquotavoid working in bad weather tryto cut down the time spent in poorconditions for example workingunder shelter You should also takeregular breaks and wear suitableclothing Remember that someequipment will have limitations incertain weather conditions ndash checkwhat the manufacturer says
- Driving ndash donrsquot forget to thinkabout driving for work as part ofyour safety planning The effect ofan accident on a small business orself-employed individual ndash from acollision to materials falling off amoving vehicle ndash is likely to begreater than on a larger businesswith better resources Plan eachjourney allow plenty of time andmake sure your equipment andanything else you load up is securebefore you set off
- Contractors ndash you may work withor take on contractors Make surethey have the right skills andknowledge to do their job safelyand that they understand whatperformance you expect Explainyour site health and safety rules tothem (for example what to do inan emergency looking after toolsproperly) and if you have a policymake sure they understand and
This IOSH guide is designed as an introduction to health and safety basics for low risk businesses and is not intended to give exhaustive coverageof the subject We encourage all employers and business owners to find out more about the detailed legal requirements affecting your businessat wwwhsegovuk
follow it Donrsquot forget that you canbe held legally responsible for whatyour contractors do or donrsquot do
- Working on your own ndash alwaystake your mobile phone with youand try to let a friend or relativeknow where yoursquore planning to goeach day
Did you knowA third of all fall-from-heightaccidents involve ladders orstepladders ndash 14 people are killedand 1200 suffer major injuries a year
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
IOSHThe GrangeHighfield DriveWigstonLeicestershireLE18 1NNUK
t +44 (0)116 257 3100f +44 (0)116 257 3101wwwioshcouk
IOSH is the Chartered body for health and safetyprofessionals With more than 40000 membersin 80 countries wersquore the worldrsquos largestprofessional health and safety organisation
We set standards and support develop andconnect our members with resources guidanceevents and training Wersquore the voice of theprofession and campaign on issues that affectmillions of working people
IOSH was founded in 1945 and is a registeredcharity with international NGO status
POL0791311012PDF
This document is printed on chlorine-free paper produced from managed sustained forests
Institution of Occupational Safety and HealthFounded 1945Incorporated by Royal Charter 2003Registered charity 1096790
