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Strategic Science:Using Research to Inform Policy
Marlene B. Schwartz, Ph.D.
YSPH Alumni Day
June 1, 2012
Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity
Our mission is toimprove the world’s diet
prevent obesityand reduce weight stigma
through creative connections between
science and public policy
TVAdvertising
Adver-gaming
Other YouthWebsites
Bunnies
Life
Hannah Montana
Clifford Crunch
Mighty Bites
Honey Sunshine
Puffins
Cheerios
Kix
EnviroKids Organic
Mini Wheats
Organic Wild Puffs
The Best Dozen
None
TVAdvertising
Adver-gaming
Other YouthWebsites
x x x
x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x x
x x
Reese’s Puffs
Cap’n Crunch
Count Chocula
Trix
Froot Loops
Smorz
Lucky Charms
Golden Grahams
Cinnamon Toast Crunch
Corn Pops
Cocoa Puffs
Fruity/Cocoa Pebbles x x x
The Worst Dozen
General Mills and Kellogg’s
“Food isn’t nutrition until it is eaten.
Children won’t eat low-sugar cereals”
We said:“You have healthy cereals. Why don’t
you market those to children?”
The influence of pre-sweetened cereal on children’s breakfast
consumption
Harris, Schwartz, Usjanauskas, Ohri-Vachaspati, Brownell (2011) Effects of serving high-sugar cereals on children’s breakfast-eating behavior. Pediatrics, 127, 71-76
Will children eat low-sugar cereals?
Percent of children who refused to take cereal or eat low-sugar cereal: 0%
1 2 3 4 5
Grams consumed from cereal and sugar
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
(n = 19) (n = 14) (n = 24) (n = 29)
High sugar Low sugar High sugar Low sugar
5-7 years 5-7 years 8-12 years 8-12 years
Gra
ms
Cereal (less sugar content) Sugar in cereal Sugar from packets
Recommended Serving Size = 30 grams
Conclusions
More refined sugar (24 g vs. 13 g) Comparable calories (383 vs. 345) Comparable milk consumption (2/3 cup) Less likely to put fruit on cereal
– 8% in high-sugar condition– 54% in low-sugar condition
McDonald’s said:“We do not have a default Happy Meal. We offer choices to everyone that include milk, juice, and apple dippers”
We said:“You have healthy options. Why don’t
you make those the default?”
Sales Practices Audit
• June 2010• 250 restaurants national sample
• 50 each: McDonald’s, Burger King, Wendy’s, Taco Bell and Subway
• Field personnel request children’s meal • Hamburger / beef taco / roast beef sandwich
• Side and beverage provided automatically
We said:
…coming soon –
The CFBAI said:“We care about children and want to be
part of the solution. Government regulation is unnecessary. We can self-
regulate.”
When trying to pass a controversial policy
Know your opposition Don’t get mad…get data Use the media to influence public opinion Don’t give up