Strategies of PHC

8/13/2019 Strategies of PHC

1/39

Strategies of

Primary Health Care


2/39

Levels of Care

Primary health care

Secondary health care

Tertiary health care


3/39

Primary health care

The first level of contact between the

individual and the health system. Essential health care (PHC is !rovided.

" ma#ority of !revailing health !roblems canbe satisfactorily managed.

The closest to the !eo!le.

Provided by the !rimary health centers.


4/39

Secondary health care

$ore com!le% !roblems are dealt with.

Com!rises curative services

Provided by the district hos!itals The &st referral level

Tertiary health care

'ffers su!ers!ecialist care

Provided by regional)central level institution.

Provide training !rograms


5/39

What is Primary Health Care?

PHC is essential health care that is a socially appropriate,universally accessible, scientifically sound first level care provided bya suitably trained workforce supported by interated referral systemsand in a way that ives priority to those most in need, ma!imisescommunity and individual self"reliance and participation and involves

collaboration with other sectors# $t includes the followin%

health promotion

illness prevention

care of the sick advocacy

community development


6/39

Primary Health Care (PHC)

PHC is:

Essential health care based on practical,

scientifically sound and socially acceptable

methods and technology made universallyaccessible to individuals and families in the

community through their full participation and at

a cost that community and the country can afford

(Alma-Ata, !"#$


7/39

Principles for PHC

PHC based on the followin principles %

Social e&uity

'ation"wide coverae

Self"reliance

$nter"sectoral coordination

People(s involvement in the plannin andimplementation of health prorams


8/39

Principles of PHC

The )*+ -eclaration of .lma".ta proposed a setof P/$'C$PL0S for primary health care# PHC should%

)# 1/eflect and evolve from the economic conditions and socio"

cultural and political characteristics of the country and itscommunities, and be based on the application of therelevant results of social, biomedical and health servicesresearch and public health e!perience2

3# 1.ddress the main health problems in the community,providin promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitativeservices accordinly2


9/39

4# 1$nvolve, in addition to the health sector, allrelated sectors and aspects of national andcommunity development, in particular ariculture,animal husbandry, food, industry, education,

housin, public works,5# 1Promote ma!imum community and individualself"reliance and participation in the plannin,orani6ation, operation and control of primary

health care, makin fullest use of local, national andother available resources7 and to this end developthrouh appropriate education the ability ofcommunities to participate2


10/39

8# 19e sustained by interated, functional andmutually"supportive referral systems, leadin to theproressive improvement of comprehensive healthcare for all, and ivin priority to those most in need2

:# 1/ely, at local and referral levels, on healthworkers, includin physicians, nurses, midwives,au!iliaries and community workers as applicable, aswell as traditional practitioners as needed, suitablytrained socially and technically to work as a healthteam and to respond to the e!pressed health needsof the community#2


11/39

Core .ctivities for PHC

There is a set of C;/0 .CT$


12/39

)# 0ducation concernin prevailin healthproblems and the methods of preventin

and controllin them


13/39

3# Promotion of food supply and propernutrition


14/39

4# .n ade&uate supply of safe water andbasic sanitation


15/39

5# =aternal and child health care, includinfamily plannin


16/39

8# $mmuni6ation aainst the ma>or infectiousdiseases


17/39

:# Prevention and control of locally endemicdiseases


18/39

+# .ppropriate treatment of commondiseases and in>uries


19/39

# 9asic laboratory services and provision ofessential drus#


20/39

*# Trainin of health uides, health workersand health assistants#


21/39

)# /eferral services


22/39

=ental health

Physical handicaps

Health and social care of the elderly


23/39

WH; Strateies of PHC

)# /educin e!cess mortality of poor marinali6edpopulations%

PHC must ensure access to health services for the mostdisadvantaed populations, and focus on interventions

which will directly impact on the ma>or causes of mortality,morbidity and disability for those populations#

3# /educin the leadin risk factors to human health%

PHC, throuh its preventative and health promotionroles, must address those known risk factors, which are thema>or determinants of health outcomes for localpopulations#


24/39

4# -evelopin Sustainable Health Systems%

PHC as a component of health systems must develop inways, which are financially sustainable, supported by politicalleaders, and supported by the populations served#

5, -evelopin an enablin policy and institutional environment%

PHC policy must be interated with other policy domains,and play its part in the pursuit of wider social, economic,environmental and development

policy#


25/39

The 9asic /e&uirements for Sound PHC

@the .(s and the 4 C(sA

.ppropriateness

.vailability

.de&uacy

.ccessibility

.cceptability

.ffordability

.ssessability

.ccountability Completeness

Comprehensiveness

Continuity


26/39

.ppropriateness

*hether the service is needed at all in

relation to essential human needs+!riorities and !olicies.

The service has to be !ro!erly selected

and carried out by trained !ersonnel inthe !ro!er way.


27/39

.de&uacy

The service !ro!ortionate to

re,uirement. Sufficient volume of care to meet the need

and demand of a community


28/39

.ffordability

The cost should be within the means

and resources of the individual and thecountry.


29/39

.ccessibility

-eachable+ convenient services

eogra!hic+ economic+ culturalaccessibility


30/39

.cceptability

.cceptability of care depends on a varietyof factors, includin satisfactory

communication between health careproviders and the patients, whether thepatients trust this care, and whether the

patients believe in the confidentiality andprivacy of information shared with theproviders#


31/39

.vailability

.vailability of medical care means that

care can be obtained whenever peopleneed it#


32/39

.ssessability

.ssessebility means that medical care can

be readily evaluated#


33/39

.ccountability

.ccountability implies the feasibility of

reular review of financial records bycertified public accountants#


34/39

Completeness

Completeness of care re&uires ade&uate

attention to all aspects of a medicalproblem, includin prevention, early

detection, dianosis, treatment, follow up

measures, and rehabilitation#


35/39

Comprehensiveness

Comprehensiveness of care means that

care is provided for all types of healthproblems#


36/39

Continuity

Continuity of care re&uires that the

manaement of a patient(s care over timebe coordinated amon providers#


37/39

To Summari6e

Primary health care is an approach that%

Bocuses on the person not the disease,

considers all determinants of health $nterates care when there is more than

one problem

ses resources to narrow differences


38/39

Borms the basis for other levels of health

systems

.ddresses most important problems in thecommunity by providin preventive,

curative, and rehabilitative services

;rani6es deployment of resourcesaimin at promotin and maintainin

health#


39/39

TH"/0 1'2

Date post:	03-Jun-2018
Category:	Documents
Upload:	yosi-dwi-saputro-part-ii
View:	225 times
Download:	0 times

Strategies of PHC

Documents