Strategies of regional harmonization of treatment performance testing methods for
DEWATS technology
Rieko Kubota Center for Material Cycle and Waste Management Research
National Institute for Environmental Studies
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Contents
- Background
- Pilot cases from Indonesianstandardization initiative
- ASEAN policy dialogue and capacitybuilding project
- Regional harmonization strategies
- ISO technical committees and standards
- ASEAN framework on standardization(ACCSQ)
- Way forward2
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4.5Bpeople globally lack access to
safely managed sanitation
2.3Bpeople globally still lack
access to even basic sanitation services
$0.8B
$0.4B
$1.0B
$2.0B
$1.1B$0.5B
$0.3B
Source: BCG analysis
2030 projections
OpportunityThreat
Credit: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Reinvented Toilet - a potential $6B+ global annual revenueopportunity
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Sanitation & Wastewater - a big global topic that can be solved by standards
“International Standards are key to the progression of new sanitation technology and developing an industry that saves lives.” - Sergio Mujica, ISO Secretary-General
Reinvented Toilet Expo & International launch of ISO 30500, Beijing, 6 Nov 2018
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Key Issues-Insufficient centralized sewage system, lack of knowledge on DEWATS-Gap in products, services, legislation, standards, testing/certification facilities-Lack of understanding between Ministries, National Standard Bodies (NSBs) and related stakeholders
Key Outcomes-Further validate the importance of standards & NSBs
Acquire DEWATS knowledge through existing standards Use of standard platform to collaborate and develop solutions Harmonized requirements to facilitate cross border trade
-Thailand is in process for new TIS-Indonesia is in process for a new SNI-Malaysia has its own standard under SPAN 5
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Objectives of standardization
-Safety-Functionality-Usability-Reliability-Maintainability of the system-Its compatibility with environmental protection goals.
Quote: ISO/IWA 24 (2016)
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What is DEWATS technology?
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-”DEWATS” stands for
Decentralized WAste Water Treatment System
・DEWATS applications are based on the principle of low-maintenance since most important parts of the system work without technical energy inputs and cannot be switched off intentionally.
Advantages of DEWATS ・Efficient treatment for daily wastewater flows up to 1000 cubic meter・Tolerant towards inflow fluctuations ・Modular design of all components ・Materials used for construction are locally available・Needs no expensive and sophisticated maintenance
Photo: UN-HABITAT
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Performance testing method
1.Short-term test with temperature control 16 weeks (or 8 weeks in parallel) 13 and 20ºCwith influent control
2.Outside long-term test 48 weekswith influent control
3.On-site household test 48 weekswithout influent control at least 3 sites
Temperature controlled examination lab.
The performance test is done by the third party
Summer and winter
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Schedule of the performance test
2. Outside long-term test
1. Short-term test with temperature control
Normal High load
Low temp.
Normal High load
13 ºC
No temp. control
Duration week 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Wastewater volumeKQQ0.5Q
20 ºC 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8KQQ0.5Q
Duration week
Wastewater volume
Normal High load Low temp. Normal
0 2 4 6 8 9 10 11 12 14 16 18 20 21 22 23 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48KQQ0.5Q
Duration week
Wastewater volume
1st anaerobic
tank
Influent Effluent
2nd anaerobic
tank
Aerobic tank
Sedimentation tank
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Ansell et al. (2007) Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory
Stand-alone project approach to rule-making approachRule-making approach Collaborative governance of multi-stakeholders at standardization stage is essential
Evaluation of Johkasou’seffectiveness by pilot project and wait for the decision-making of counterpart country
Installation of Johkasou as pilot project procurement
Existing approach of ODA projects
- Project doesn’t lead to rule and policy making - Project will not be integrated to national project Hypothesis：Various stakeholders participation in policy/
institutional design on decentralized domestic wastewater management leads to feasible rule/policy making 10
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Standardization initiatives in Indonesia 2015-present
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Background of ITB/NIES stakeholder’s meeting on DEWATS testing method
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Simple maintenance Cheaper in installation and
maintenance compared to sewage system
Disaster-resistant
Japan has been supporting Indonesia in the adoption of integrated decentralized domestic wastewater management systems by; Raising awareness Drafting a testing methodConsidering strategiesStakeholder meetings2019/2/20
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Standardization attempts of DEWATS treatment performance testing method in Indonesia and way forward
Testing methods in Asian
countries
Raising awareness Drafting a testing method Considering strategies
Study on regional harmonization process Capacity-building of researchers and
engineers in Indonesia for testing/sampling
Propose testing standard in ASEAN countries
Characteristics of biological
wastewater treatment in each
country
Standardization process
Transition from state to region
RegionalStandardization
Malaysia
VietnamThailand
Cambodia
Indonesia
Stakeholder’s meeting
Indonesian testing method
－Stakeholder’s meeting was held for 6 times already
Objectives：１）Awareness-raising of DEWATS technology ２）Draft-making of treatment performance testing method３）Strategy-making of standardization and management
Suishin-hi research grant ：
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Standardization attempts of DEWATS treatment performance testing method in Indonesia and way forward
Testing methods in Asian
countries
Raising awareness Drafting a testing method Considering strategies
Propose testing standard in ASEAN countries
Characteristics of biological
wastewater treatment in each
country
Standardization process
Transition from state to region
RegionalStandardization
Malaysia
VietnamThailand
Cambodia
Indonesia
Stakeholder’s meeting
Suishin-hi research grant ： Study on regional harmonization process Capacity-building of researchers and
engineers in Indonesia for testing/sampling Indonesian
testing method
PoDIWM project has launched to continue discussion on the standardization of DEWATS technology at regional level
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ASEAN-JAIF project on “Policy-Making and Networking of Multi-Stakeholders in Integrated Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Management in AMSs”
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Project Objectives
Achieving SDGs goal 6: 6.3.1 Halving the proportion of untreated wastewater discharged into our water bodies
1)Evidence-based Policy and institutional design development platform for multi-stakeholders on integrated domestic wastewater management
2)Technology showcase of decentralized domestic wastewater treatment
Achieving ASEAN Blueprint 2025 For Socio-cultural community C.1 Conservation and Sustainable Management of Biodiversity and Natural Resources
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Creation of synergy by participating in country task force
• Objective: PoDIWM project Bridges the communication among the related stakeholders in one country: to discuss and make a “prioritized” policy to promote decentralized domestic wastewater management
Public works
Ministry
Environmental
Ministry
Ministry issuing building permit
Municipality/Private sector
Together Making policy
recommendation Academia
Planning Ministry
Experts technical support will be provided
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Fact-finding and Assessment of policy, legislation, standards and initiatives in each AMSs
ASEAN 1st policy dialogue for sharing knowledge and experience of each AMSs
Capacity development training in Japan
Drafting of policy recommendation by experts and national TF
ASEAN 2nd policy dialogue and policy draft formulation in each AMSs
ASEAN regional policy declaration
1)Evidence-based Policy and institutional design development platform for multi-stakeholders on integrated domestic wastewater management2)Technology showcase of decentralized domestic wastewater treatment
Fact-finding survey and assessment of existing wastewater treatment technologies and its management
system in each AMSs
ASEAN 1st policy dialogue
Capacity development training in Japan for tech/testing methods
Drafting of list of appropriate technologies by experts and national TF
ASEAN 2nd policy dialogue and policy draft formulation in each AMSs
ASEAN regional policy declaration
Round-robin test forstandardization
1stye
ar
2nd
year
Policy and legislation side Technology side
Project objective
Project title: Policy Dialogue and Network Building of Multi-stakeholders on Integrated Decentralized Domestic Wastewater Management in ASEAN countries (PoDIWM)
Key issue is the standardization of treatment performance testing methods in ASEAN
countries
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Benchmarking with other AMSs on challenges and issues on domestic wastewater management
shared challenges in AMSs
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Collection of wastewater treatment fee
Lack of legislation on domestic wastewater management
Lack of capacity of municipalities
Operation and maintenance of decentralized system
Combination of water supply and wastewater treatment bill Example of legislation and its legislation experience Trainer’s training and peer-to-peer training from national to local level
Public-private partnership
possible solutions to the challenges
Sludge treatment Regulating Sludge treatment and licensing system for operators
Menu for AMSs to utilize for policy-making/project proposal
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Regional standard harmonization and strategies and processes
-Research findings from our current research project
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1. Status quo of standardization of DEWATS in AMSs
-No Regional standardization scheme at ASEAN regional levelConstant function to discuss on regional harmonization of DEWATS technology in ASEAN countries
-Low participation of ASEAN experts and standardization bodies to ISO technical committees
-Various capacities of national standardization bodies in each AMSs
-Little awareness on importance of standardization in AMSs
-Industry is not interested in standardization (because not many follows) 21
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1. Strategies for regional standardization of DEWATS in AMSs
-Publish guideline or recommendation compiled by industry or academic association – through IWA or other framework?
-Establish ASEAN guideline
-Certification on eco-labelling or green building certification system – will there be any regional green building certification system?
-Set up function to discuss on regional harmonization of DEWATS technology in ASEAN countries will be good platform
-Publish ISO or ISO technical report (Input the regional context in ISO standard/Initiate the Proposal and development of new standard)
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Certification in Green Building or eco-labeling
ISO standard or technical report
Kojima et al. (2017)を筆者が整理23
2. Process of regional standardization of decentralized domestic wastewater treatment technology
Legalize the evaluation mechanism on the decentralized wastewater treatment system.
Guideline or recommendation compiled by academic or industrial association
ASEAN guideline
International Regional/nationalIndustrial/academic
Develop the performance treatment testing method on decentralized wastewater treatment system for ASEAN countries by experts.
Discussion on regional input to ISO in ACCSQ
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Certification in Green Building or eco-labeling
ISO standard or technical report
Kojima et al. (2017)を筆者が整理24
2. Process of regional standardization of decentralized domestic wastewater treatment technology
Legalize the evaluation mechanism on the decentralized wastewater treatment system.
Guideline or recommendation compiled by academic or industrial association
ASEAN guideline
International Regional/nationalIndustrial/academic
Develop the performance treatment testing method on decentralized wastewater treatment system for ASEAN countries by experts.
Discussion on regional input to ISO in ACCSQ
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Role of ACCSQ
1. Exchange of information on standards, rules, regulations, procedures and mandatory requirements in related sector of Member Countries;
2. Review and analyze the comparative study of regulatory regimes in related sectors among Member Countries;
3. Identify areas for possible harmonization and MRAs, with the focus on harmonization of ASEAN on safety and emission standards based on international regulations;
4. Develop sectoral MRAs5. Identify the technical infrastructure needs and build-up mutual confidence in conformity
assessment.
WG on sanitati
on?
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Our request to set up “sanitation” WG was conveyed by ISO/METI to ACCSQ
We hope ACCSQ will support the harmonization of testing methods of the decentralized wastewater management system.
We suggest ACCSQ to set up a Working Group/Task Force on “Sanitation” to accelerate the improvement of health and environment issues in ASEAN.
Decision on setup a working group/task force on “sanitation” at ACCSQ will be made by AMSs at the next annual meeting of
WG1 of ACCSQ in this spring/summer26
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ISO’s works and AMS participations• TC 224: Service activities relating to drinking water supply wastewater and stormwater systems
• P-members: Indonesia, Singapore• O-members: Malaysia, Viet Nam
• TC 275: Sludge recovery, recycling, treatment and disposal• P-member: Malaysia only
• TC 282: Water Reuse• P-member: Viet Nam only• O-members: Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore
• PC 305: Sustainable non-sewered sanitation systems (to be disbanded)• P-members: Thailand only• O-members: Indonesia, Singapore
• PC 318: Community scale resource oriented sanitation treatment systems• P-members: Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand• O-members: Indonesia, Viet Nam
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ISO24521: Activities relating to drinking water and wastewater services- Guidelines for the management of basic on-site domestic wastewater services (TC224)
ISO/IWA 24(2016) – Non-sewered sanitation systems – General safety and performance requirements for design and testing
EN 12566 – Small wastewater treatment systems for up to 50 PT – in 5 Parts. 2/
Existing DEWATS related International standards
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Coverage of each standard/TC
Credits: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
User interface
Containment Collection and Transport
Treatment Use or Disposal
PC 305: On-site sanitation technology (to be disbanded)
PC 318: Community scale resource oriented sanitation treatment systems
Note: PC is Project Committee, disbanded after standard developed
ISO/IWA 24(2016) Non-sewered sanitation systems
ISO24521:Guidelines for basic on-site sanitation services
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The Way forward
• Raise awareness on the growing importance of standards in global Sanitation and DEWATS scene
• Initiate the discussion to identify commonality/differences in existing standards
• Collaborate with WEPA to reinforce the information platform on DEWATS technology and its related institutional arrangements
• Link to the existing ISO standards and TCs to bring in regional context • Tap on the resources of ASEAN to continue this discussion under ACCSQ
framework • Japan’s existing support to ASEAN (PoDIWM and ACCSQ) and opportunity
to further collaborate30
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Standards become more effective with regulations
Standard would not be effective enough by itself, it should be quoted or mentioned in legislation, policy and guideline to be legally-binding and effective.
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Standards Regulations/policies
Good institutional arrangementsfor improved DEWATS management
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Is there a global market? ----said I. “No, thereʼs no such thing as global market.
What we have is only group of local and regional market thatʼs called global market.
We have to take in all the consideration of local and regional context, characteristics and lifestyles when we are making products for each market.”
Mr. Chuzo Matsui, Ex-president of a company own “MUJI” brand
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