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Text and images from “Suffrage at 100: A Visual History Jennifer Harlan , The New York Times

Organized protest did not become a main tool of the movement

the , but some suffragists were performing acts of civil

disobedience well before Paul or Burns entered the picture . In 1872,

Susan B. Anthony , pictured circa 1850, was arrested in Rochester ,

N.Y., for voting. She channeled her indignation into a speech the

following year : It is downright mockery to talk to women of their

enjoyment of the blessings of liberty while they are denied the use of

the only means of securing them provided by this

democratic republican government .”

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Text and images from “ Suffrage at 100: A Visual History" by Jennifer Harlan, The NewYork Times

In 1913, the day before President Woodrow Wilson's inauguration ,

thousands of suffragists descended on Washington for the Woman

Suffrage Procession , organized by Paul and Burns for NAWSA . Inez

Milholland , a -year -old suffragist, led the parade on horseback .

Three years later, she would collapse while giving a speech in LosAngeles and die shortly thereafter . Her last public words were

reportedly, “ Mr. President , how long must women wait for liberty ?"

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Text and images from “Suffrage at 100: A Visual History" by Jennifer Harlan , The New York Times

Bowing to pressure from segregationist factions in the South ,

white leaders told Black suffragists including Ida B.Wells -Barnett , pictured with her daughters in 1914 , that they had to

walk at the back of the parade . Wells -Barnett refused and marchedwith the rest of the Illinois delegation .

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Text and images from “Suffrage at 100: A Visual History" by Jennifer Harlan , The New York Times

SuffrageNUMBER SYMBOL

165-WW - 600 A AU

HARRIS & EWING , WASHINGTON .

-WW 600PHOTOGRAPHER

REC'D TAKEN

DESCRIPTION

PRESIDENTWILSONISDECEIVING WORLD

WHENHE APPEARSASTHEPROPHETOFDEMOCRACYPRESIDENTWILSONHASOPPOSEDTHOSEWHO

DEMAND FOR COUNTRYFOR THE DISFRANCHISEMENT

OFAMERICANSW AMERICA THISTHEWORLDWILLFINDHIMOUT

WOMAN SUFFRAGE IN WASHINGTON ,

Suffragettos bonfire and posters

at the White House , Washington,D.

NOTES

In January 1917, members of the N.W.P. called themselves the

Silent Sentinels began picketing outside the White House. It was thefirst demonstration of its kind. They would remain there for over two

years : Their goal, The Washington Post reported in 1917, was to makeit impossible for the President to enter or leave the White House

without encountering a sentinel bearing some device pleading the

suffrage cause .

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Text and images from “Suffrage at 100: A Visual History " by Jennifer Harlan , The New York Times

I arrivedat on the evening , afterwait

ingabout an hour in the the Work House,The Supt.

arrivedwith about thir guards, suddenlyseizedall of our partyanddraggedus out of the room into the darkness tw road distas

and us into a dark dir dungeon I in was

, on the floor all along the sideDirtyhorao dirty and . I was so

cold my teethchatttedallnight. ranup anddown the

corridor soreamingto the guards to ing the

an d gags , t hreatening to put them on Miss Julia who was in the

with me. Then opened the door of the dungeon Burns wa

in pulledher thru the and them . The next morning

I was taken to offioa Ho med me he had a Whipping

Post at and that he used on the . then sent mo

to the hospital where I remained days The first th

the days I was food on and filthy milk and something in tast

ke carbolic

Minnie

and

in my presence this

(

The Silent Sentinels were arrested multiple times and frequently

mistreatedby law enforcement. Inone particularly brutal incident inNovember 1917, 33 of them ( including Burns) were taken to the

Occoquan Workhouse in Virginia, where they were violently abused .

The Sentinel Minnie Quay described herexperience inan affidavitabout the episode, which became knownas the Night ofTerror.

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Text and images from “Suffrage at 100: A Visual History " by Jennifer Harlan , The New York Times

The N.W.P. issued pins in the shape of a prison door to protesters whohad been jailed ; the women wore these “ Jailed for Freedom ” pins as a

badge of honor . Survivors of the Night of Terror capitalized on the

public's horror at their treatment to sway more supporters to their

cause . In 1919, a group of them went on a 16 -city tour - the Prison

Special ” – wearing their jailhouse garb and sharing their stories . Theycalled the train they traveled on the Democracy Limited .

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