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Strategy for sustainable forest management in valuable Korean pine-broadleaved forests of Russian Far East
Evgeny Lepeshkin
WWF Amur Branch
Moscow, December 06, 2011
The korean pine (=korean pine-broadlieved) forests
reflected in 200 Global Ecoregions
• the most rich in the temperate zone of the northern hemisphere of the Earth (up to 1700 species in flora)
• about 20 tree species can form stand variability in one site
• the main habitat for Amur tiger (add. Asian black, brown bear, wild boar, red deer, sable family etc.)
•Rapid decrease of KPF area for last 50 years: Primorsky province - 1,9 times less; Khabarovsky province - 3,2 times less
•Rapid decrease of timber volume: 3,5-4 times less
•Extinction of old-growth KPF (7,6 % from all KPF; 5,4 % - from KPF in Primorsky province). – it’s 6 times less than in most untouched etalon-like KPF.
•2.85 mln. ha of KPF are remained
“Modern forestry” basis towards Korean pine forests
• Short permits for non-commercial selective logging:
- sanitary logging;
- intermediate logging (non-commercial thinning)
• Illegal logging
• Commercial logging of Korean pine in non-Korean pine stands;
• The best quality of Korean pine timber comes to China
Up to 190 000 m3 exported from Primorsky province in 2009. According to WWF specialists there are about 700 000 m3 totally were logged out.
Extinction of most productive for nature stands results:
• Decrease of feeding productivity for mammals;
• Loss of biodiversity, main habitats of mammals (incl. tiger);
• Change of hydrological regime and climate features;
• Decrease of NTFP values• Increase of social problems
and conflicts
The WWF concept towards Korean pine forest management
• Goal: Protect valuable forest habitat, incl. their inhabitants (tigers, etc.) from logging, poaching, fire, etc.
• To do so: Create an economic mechanism which makes protection of Korean pine forests more valuable than logging.
• Постановление СМ РСФСР №219 от 05.03.1954 г.• Постановление СМ РСФСР №975-р от 27.03.1956 г. • Постановления СМ РСФСР N 103 от 29.01.1959• Постановление СМ РСФСР №60 от 14.01.1965 г.• Постановление СМ РСФСР №61 от 05.02.1968 г.• Постановление СМ РСФСР №268 от 29.04.1969 г.• Постановление СМ РСФСР №1253-р от 10.07.1969 г.• Постановление СМ РСФСР №265 от 30.04.1970 г.• Постановление СМ РСФСР №535 от 27.09.1971 г. • Постановление СМ РСФСР №581 от 25.10.1971 г.• Постановление СМ РСФСР №11-р от 03.01.1985 г.
Approach
Object determinationNHZ –Nut Harvesting Zones
Long-term concession
Determination of rights’ types
Determined optionsDetermined hotspots
Approach
Object determinationNHZ –Nut Harvesting Zones
Long-term concession
Determination of rights’ types
Determined options
Determination of management
Conservation forest management
Determined hotspots
Conservation forest management
• Decrease/totally remove logging operation on the area, especially on HCVF terriories
• Exclude most of area from road development;
• Protect against illegal activities (logging, poaching, fire, unsustainable nut harvesting).
• Implement fire fighting service
Approach
Object determinationNHZ –Nut Harvesting Zones
Long-term concession
Determination of rights’ types
Determined options
Determination of management
Conservation forest management
Determination of WWF partners Requirements for partners
Determined hotspots
Requirements for partners
• Not involved to illegal logging operations;
• Experienced/Interested in NTFP business;
• Allocated on the ground (preferably);
Korean Pine Nut Harvesting Zones in the Russian Far East Province of Primorsky
Pozharskaya NHZ41,159 haNOT LEASEDPotential: 525,000kg/year
Olginskaya NHZ 40,997 haNOT LEASED
Koksharovskaya NHZ 27,755 haLeased by WWF partner PZB JSC.Potential:648,000 kg/year
Vostochnaya NHZ 95,811 haLeased by WWF partner Primorskiy GOK Potential:800,000 kg/year
Bikinskaya NHZ and water protection zone
461,154 haLeased by WWF partner Udege Tribal Commune Tiger.
Potential: 580,000 kg/year
Melnichnaya NHZ 22,117 haLeased by WWF partner Krasnoarmeyskiy RZOP, daughter of “Primorskiy GOK”.
Potential:82,000 kg/year
The WWF concept towards Korean pine forest management
• Goal: Protect valuable forest habitat, incl. their inhabitants (tigers, etc.) from logging, poaching, fire, etc.
• To do so: Create an economic mechanism which makes protection of Korean pine forests more valuable than logging.
• To do so: Give local people economic incentives and therefore an alternative from illegal logging and poaching
• To do so: Give concession holders economic incentives to protect forest from illegal activities.
• To do so: Work with concession holders to create controlled economic / ecological zones and pay fair prices to local collectors.
• To do so: Work with international NTFP buyers to generate steady, attractive income.
Saving the last virgin forests in RFE Bikin River valley
The “Bikin climate project” on Bikin Nut Harvesting Zone (NHZ)
Donors
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU), Berlin
KfW Entwicklungsbank
Partners – implementers
WWF GermanyWWF RFE
Tribal Commune Tiger
• biodiversity and tiger habitat protection
• natural carbon stock securing by saving standing phytomass
tools:
• Concession rights for 49 years
• traditional nature use of Udege and Nanai tribes on preserved area: Create Federal TTNU (territory of traditional nature use)
Mitigate impacts of climate change through the protection of large scale
virgin forests in the Bikin Area (Russian Far East)
Bikinskaya NHZ and water protection zone 461,154 ha
113 million tons of CO2
143 000 tons of CO2
Existing carbon stocks, in tCO2
Annual greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions, in tCO2
Preliminary results:
Assessment of the Carbon Sequestration and
Finance Potential for Carbon credits
Main project activities
Preservative and controling:• develop inventory and management plan for the NHZ.• protection by anti-poaching brigades• protection by fires service (aircraft and land groups)
Socio-economic:• carbon project development for generating additional
income• Develop sustainable complex use: NTFP, eco-tourism,
sustainable fishing and hunting management• develop business relationships with potential buyers of
nuts / NTFP.
COSTCONuts/ kernels
Russian Far EastInternational
Market
Harvester & Concession owner
+ Primary processing
(various scenarios of how processing
is managed)
NHZ lease owner company/ies
Most likely longer supply chain Buyer
MoU
Local Peo
ple / Collectors
Contract
WWF RFE
Market price
Conservation fee
MoU
Sustainable forest management on FSC certified areas
Target:
• 1 Mio ha of new FSC areas with ban of logging for both high conservation reasons (HCVF) and climate reasons (CO2 emission reduction)
• 1 PDD (Project Design Document) created for evaluating climate benefits of FSC concessions and creating financial benefits for sustainable management and HCVF delineation
Additional effects:
• As a climate project owners companies can be more competitive on a global markets
• Importance of HCVF (esp. korean-pine massifs) for local societies highlighted
• Какие экономические мотивации д.б. задействованы?-дикоросы-климатические инвестиции-экологические функции леса
• Какие категории лесов могут быть предложены в таком подходе?-ОПЗ-водоохранные зоны-эксплуатационные леса---• Как использовать внутри других инструментов?-FSC (ПРИНЦИП 5. ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЛЕСА Лесохозяйственные
мероприятия должны способствовать эффективному многоцелевому использованию продуктов и функций леса…..)
-лесное законодательство (многоцелевое устойчивое лесопользование)
-ЛВПЦ как категория лесов с недревесным приоритетом лесопользования
• Кто сторонники?
- Местное население- -Охотпользователи- Представители бизнеса по дикоросам, турбизнеса