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Strategy Note
Mozambique WASH Programme 2017-2020
1. Introduction
Mozambique has made steady but inadequate progress to achieve
MDG targets. Despite advances in institutional
and policy frameworks backed by significant external donor
support, it still remains that only half of Mozambicans
have access to improved water supply and only 1 in 5 use
improved sanitation facilities.
Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is a priority area under
the Social and Human Capital Development pillar of
the Government Five-Year Plan (PQG 2015-2019). By 2019, the
country intends to increase drinking water
coverage to 75% (rural) and 90% (urban). For sanitation, the
coverage targets, over the same time period, are 50%
(rural) and 80% (urban). In addition, Mozambique is committed to
eliminating open defecation by 2025 and
achieving universal access to adequate and sustainable
sanitation and hygiene services by 2030, including effective
services for the management of wastewater and faecal
sludge1.
Given the current low coverages, achieving these ambitious goals
will require considerable efforts in capacity
building, greater sector investments and effective collaboration
between the Government of Mozambique (GoM),
Mozambican citizens, and development partners.
UNICEF s WASH programme will support the national priorities set
out in the Government s Five Year Plan, which
are in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG),
including SDG 6 Ensure availability and sustainable
management of water and sanitation for all . UNICEF will work in
partnership with the government to ensure
vulnerable groups have access to safe water supply and
sanitation infrastructure in rural, small towns and peri-
urban areas. UNICEF s work on water, sanitation and hygiene will
contribute to its overall mandate to advocate
for the protection of children's rights, to help meet their
basic needs and to expand their opportunities to reach
their full potential. Interventions on WASH will make
significant contributions to reducing preventable child
deaths, reducing under-nutrition, helping girls and boys to
fulfil their right to education and to reduce the burden
on women and girls of fetching water.
UNICEF s WASH p og a e ill o k losel ith the Mi ist of Pu li Wo
ks, Housi g a d Wate Resou e MOPHRH a d its Natio al Wate Suppl a d
Sa itatio Di e to ate DNAAS . The DNAAS is espo si le, at e t al le
el, fo o e sight, poli a d st ateg de elop e t fo u al, pe i -u a a
d u a ate suppl a d sa itatio . I pe i-u a a d s all to s, UNICEF
ill o k ith the Ad i ist atio fo
Wate Suppl a d Sa itatio I f ast u tu e AIAS a d the Wate
Regulato Cou il CRA . Othe go e e tal pa t e s ill i lude the Mi
ist of Health MISAU ; Mi ist of Edu atio a d Hu a De elop e t
MINDEH ; Mi ist of Fi a e; a d the Mi ist of State Ad i ist atio .
At p o i ial le el, UNICEF ill o k ith the P o i ial Di e to ates
of Pu li Wo ks, Housi g a d Wate Resou e DPOPHRHs ; a d ith dist i
t a d u i ipal go e e ts at lo al le el.
Othe ke pa t e s i lude U ited Natio s age ies su h as UN-Ha
itat a d the Wo ld Health O ga izatio WHO ; ultilate al pa t e s su
h as the Af i a De elop e t Ba k ADB , Wo ld Ba k WB , Wate a d
Sa itatio P og a WSP , a d the Isla i De elop e t Ba k IDB ;
ilate al do o s a d pa t e s i ludi g The Nethe la ds, S iss Age fo
De elop e t a d Coope atio SDC , Eu opea U io , UK Depa t e t of I
te atio al De elop e t DFID , DFAT/Ca ada, I ela di I te atio al De
elop e t Coope atio ICEIDA , Ko ea I te atio al Coope atio Age
KOICA , Aust ia Coope atio , a d Japa I te atio al
Coope atio Age JICA , a o g othe s. UNICEF WASH ill o k also ith
i te atio al o -go e e tal o ga izatio s INGOs su h as Wate Aid, Wo
ld Visio , SNV, WASTE, Hel etas, OXFAM, COSACA, a d othe WASH
Cluste pa t e s; atio al o - go e e tal o ga izatio s NGOs , a ade
i /t ai i g i stitutio s, a d o u it ased o ga izatio s CBOs . The
WASH p og a e ill also o k losel ith the p i ate se to , i ludi g
fi a i g i stitutio s, s all a d ediu e te p ises, o t a to s a d o
sulta ts.
1National Sanitation Conference Declaration -2014; and AfricaSan
IV Declaration - 2015
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2. Situation of water and sanitation access in Mozambique
The hu a ights to ate a d sa itatio a e at the o e of the UNICEF
a date fo hild e . WASH is fu da e tal to i p o e e ts i health, ut
itio , edu atio , ge de e ualit a d sustai a le e o o i g o th. UN
Resolutio / , adopted i Jul , fo all e og ized the ight to ate a d
sa itatio , a k o ledgi g that lea d i ki g ate a d sa itatio a e
esse tial to the ealizatio of all hu a ights.
I Moza i ue, the e a e oto ious a d la ge i e uities i ate a d
sa itatio se i es et ee people ho li e i u al a d u a a eas. Natio
all , the p opo tio of people ithout a ess to i p o ed ate
sou es de li ed f o % i to % i 2, ith g eat dispa ities et ee
those ithout o e age i u al a d i u a a eas, esti ated at % a d %
espe ti el . I the u al a eas, o e i fi e use su fa e ate as thei p
i a d i ki g ate sou e3.
A su sta tial % of the populatio do ot ha e o use i p o ed sa
itatio fa ilities, % i u al a eas a d % i u a a d pe i-u a a eas.
Moza i ue has highe ope defe atio ates, %, tha a othe ou t i su
-Saha a Af i a.
While household a ess to ate a d sa itatio is aptu ed i atio al
su e s, the atio al o e age of WASH i s hools a d at health fa
ilities e ai s u k o . Neithe is o ito ed the edu atio o health se
to s.
St o g e ide e suggests that u al a eas a e the ost affe ted the
la k of asi WASH se i es. Ho e e , e e the ode atel positi e u a
WASH i di ato s ask se ious se i e gaps fo the poo i fast-g o i g
ities a d to s he e la k of s ste ati ai te a e, lo i est e t a d u
lea i stitutio al a dates ha e ha pe ed se i e deli e . Geog aphi
all , WASH o e age a d se i es ge e all t e d to e eake i No the p
o i es, Figu e .
Figure 1. % Households with
improved water & sanitation
access, by province
The f e ue a d i pa t of atu al disaste s a e ei g
e a e ated lo g-te li ate ha ge, putti g illio s
of Moza i a s at isk of li elihood losses a d i eases i ul e a
ilit 4. Cli ate ha ge is alte i g h d ologi patte s esulti g i i
eased f e ue
of d oughts a d floods. Adapti g to these e isks ill halle ge
the WASH se to to i p o e i f ast u tu es a d se i es fo g eate
esilie e.
While Moza i ue is ot o side ed a ate -st essed ou t , the a
aila ilit a d ualit of its f esh ate esou es, oth su fa e a d g ou
d ate , a e i easi gl at isk f o ha gi g li ati o ditio s a d
i eased de a d. With % of Moza i ue s populatio li i g elo the
po e t li e5 su h sho ks ha e
2WHO-UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, 2015 report.
3 The 2011 DHS data for water and sanitation in rural areas are
similar to the results of the baseline survey of the National
Programme for Rural Water Supply and
Sanitation (PRONASAR), conducted in the same year (MOPH, 2012a).
This found a slightly higher proportion of the rural population
using improved water sources
for drinking (45%) and slightly less with improved sanitation
(12%) 4 Annual report UNICEF Mozambique, 2014.
5Household Budget Survey, 2008/2009
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Cabo Delgado
Niassa
Nampula
Zambezia
Tete
Manica
Sofala
I'bane
Gaza
Maputo
Maputo City
Pro
vin
ces
Improved sanitation (%) Improved Water (%)
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d a ati o se ue es o the li elihood a d health of the affe ted
populatio due to al ead li ited WASH se i es, a d i ease the eal of
ate - o e diseases out eaks su h as dia hoea a d hole a. Fo e a
ple, i , hole a ases a d deaths e e egiste ed i dist i ts of si p o
i es.
You g hild e a e ost at isk f o poo WASH o ditio s. Although
Moza i ue has see p og ess i the edu tio of u de -fi e o talit , to
pe thousa d li e i ths, dia hoeal diseases e ai a o gst o e of
leadi g auses of death a o g hild e . Additio all , st o g e ide e
i di ates that WASH is a esse tial i te e tio to edu e u de ut itio
, ith % of hild e u de -fi e ei g se e el o
ode atel stu ted i Moza i ue6. Wo e a d gi ls a e also pa ti ula
l affe ted poo a ess to ate a d sa itatio , ith egati e i pa ts o
thei health, se u it , ell ei g, edu atio , a d o t i utes
to the loss of dig it a d the th eat of se ual assault due to
the la k of toilets, oth i ti es of e e ge a d sta ilit 7. Also,
hild e ith disa ilities a e de ied a ess to a s hool edu atio he a
essi le WASH fa ilities a e u a aila le o i ade uate.
Although the e o o has g o at a ate of % pe ea fuelled the e t a
ti e i dust ies oo eg. oal, gas , the go e e t s sha e of WASH se
to i est e ts is still o l a out %, aki g the se to
highl depe de t o e te al fu di g. Mo eo e , o e all i est e t i
the se to has ee i suffi ie t to add ess the eed, u elia le a d poo
l ta geted. Se to i est e ts flo disp opo tio atel to eeti g the
eeds of the ai ities, lea i g u al o u ities a d s all to s u de se
ed.
G eate effo ts a d i est e ts a e e ui ed to a hie e u i e sal a
ess as e isio ed i SDG . Populatio g o th a d apid u a izatio ill
halle ge the e pa sio of WASH se i es i the fo esee futu e. The u a
populatio of Moza i ue a ea h % . Cities a d thei poo l se ed pe i
-u a a eas a e ag ets fo u al ig a ts. Also, g o i g u al to s up
to , i ha ita ts ep ese t oughl % of the total u a populatio a d
ill e ui e u h g eate i est e ts to e o e health
li i g spa es fo hild e .
3. Theory of change
This se tio p o ides details of the theo of ha ge de eloped fo
the WASH p og a e o po e t.
The p oposed WASH out o e fo the Moza i ue Cou t P og a e - is:
B , People i ta geted u al, s all to s, a d pe i-u a a eas use
sustai a le a d safe d i ki g ate se i es, ade uate sa itatio a d i
p o ed hygie e p a ti es .
I o de to a hie e this a itious out o e, se e al ottle e ks eed
to e add essed, i ludi g:
I suffi ie t se to leade ship a d oo di atio at the atio al le
el
The la k of ke se to poli ies, i ludi g fo u al sa itatio
I suffi ie t i est e t fo u al a eas a d s all to s
Weak i stitutio al apa ities at su - atio al a d lo al le els fo
pla i g, o ito i g, udgeti g a d se i e deli e , i ludi g fo hu a
ita ia assista e
The lack of sustainable systems to maintain WASH services in
rural areas and small towns
St ategi fo us i the Cou t P og a e - ill e o apa it de elop e t
of atio al, su -atio al a d lo al go e e t i stitutio s to eate a e
a li g e i o e t fo o e age a d s ale up of ate a d sa itatio i te
e tio s.
E uall i po ta t ill e le e agi g of fu di g f o atio al sou es
a d do o s due to the ig gap i the fu di g eeds to eet the ta gets
p oposed i the Go e e t s st ategi Fi e-Yea Pla PQG
6 State of the Wo ld s Child e Repo t, UNICEF
7 UNICEF Global Wash strategy 2016-203 - Draft for Comments,
2015.
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The p og a e ill o k at the atio al le el, to i flue e poli a d
e ide e- ased pla i g a d udgeti g, ith a o u e t foot o the g ou d
ith othe UNICEF s p og a es i Za ézia a d
Na pula p o i es – the ost populous o es ith o siste tl poo pe
fo a e agai st hild i di ato s.
WASH ill uild st o ge li kages pa ti ula l ith the Health a d
Nut itio , Edu atio a d CAPP p og a es. Fu the o e, as e ide e i di
ates that ate , sa itatio a d h gie e o stitute esse tial i te e
tio s to edu e al ut itio , WASH ill e a ti el i ol ed i the Natio
al Multi-se to al Pla of A tio fo the Redu tio of Ch o i Mal ut
itio PAMDRC i Za ezia a d Na pula p o i es. The WASH p og a e ill o
k alo g ith the ut itio out o e to de elop epli a le, sustai a le o
u it - ased eha iou ha ge odels i the t o p o i es, ai i g to s ale
up at atio al le el.
The follo i g fou outputs eed to e a hie ed to attai the p
oposed out o e:
The apa it of the Go e e t at atio al a d de e t alized le el
has ee i p o ed i poli de elop e t, pla i g, o ito i g, oo di atio
, p og a e i ple e tatio , fi a ial esou e le e agi g a d udgeti g.
fo e uita le a d sustai a le a ess to WASH se i es at s ale
Co u ities i ta get u al a d pe i-u a a eas, s all to s, s hools
a d health e t es, ha e a ess to sustai a le ate se i es a d s ala
le se i e deli e odels.
Co u ities i ta get u al a d pe i-u a a eas, s all to s, s hools
a d health e t es, a hie e ope defe atio f ee ODF status, ith i
eased a ess to ade uate sa itatio se i es, i p o ed h gie e p a ti
es, the appli atio of s ala le app oa hes a d a ess to alte ati e
fi a i g
e ha is s.
The go e e t has i eased apa it to lead a d oo di ate Hu a ita
ia WASH pa t e ships to eet the eeds of the i pa ted populatio
s.
Output 1
By 2020, the capacity of the Government at national and
decentralized level has been improved in policy
development, planning, monitoring, coordination, programme
implementation, financial resource leveraging
and budgeting. for equitable and sustainable access to WASH
services at scale
The follo i g st ategies a e p oposed to a hie e this
output.
E ide e ge e atio a d e ide e ased poli dialogue to esta lish a
solid fou datio fo e pa di g WASH se i es at s ale. UNICEF ill uild
o the e pe ie e gai ed f o the do st ea i ple e tatio
o k to uild e ide e ased poli ies a d pla s. A u al sa itatio
poli eeds to e de eloped that ill guide the p epa atio a d i ple e
tatio of sa itatio pla s a d le e age i est e ts at atio al, su
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atio al a d lo al le els. UNICEF ill the suppo t the i ple e
tatio of the e sa itatio poli th ough the eatio of a s ala le a tio
pla that o tai s iti al o po e ts at the atio al, p o i ial, dist i
t a d o u it le els. Due to o ple i stitutio al a a ge e ts i WASH
a d eak i te se tio al olla o atio , effo ts ill also e ade to a
hie e a o e o ust oo di atio a d i fo atio sha i g ultu e. I
additio , UNICEF ill o ti ue to suppo t the Sa itatio a d Wate fo
All pa t e ship as a ea s to d i e a ou ta ilit fo esults o the g
ou d.
Ad o a fo , a d the de elop e t of, i o ati e fi a i g e ha is s
that le e age esou es f o GoM, do o s, a d the p i ate se to to
suppo t the s ale up of sustai a le WASH se i es. Cu e t fu di g
allo atio s fo the se to a e g ossl i suffi ie t to ea h the go e e
t defi ed se to goals. Assess e ts a d pote tial i ple e tatio of e
fu di g e ha is s a e e essa to allo fo as si e s ali g of e isti
g, p o e sustai a le i te e tio s. I o de to a hie e this, UNICEF
ill o k losel ith
e a d e isti g pa t e s, i ludi g i te atio al fi a e i stitutio
s, go e e t i ist ies, i ludi g the i ist of fi a e, a d the p i
ate se to , oth atio al a d i te atio al. Pote tial e ha is s
ould
i lude the esta lish e t of a le ded o d + ilate al g a ts atio
al WASH fu di g fa ilit . UNICEF ill also ad o ate fo ette fi a ial
i fo atio a age e t ith t a spa e t e pe ditu e t a ki g a d
ta geti g to e su e p ope a age e t a d g eate e uit WASH se i
es.
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Capa it de elop e t of se to i stitutio s to pla , a age, i ple
e t, o ito a d deli e WASH se i es. Capa it eeds assess e t ith fo
us at su atio al le els, ill e u de take leadi g to de elop e t a d
i ple e tatio of apa it de elop e t pla s. Based o the e pe ie es
gai ed i o goi g field o k, UNICEF ill suppo t a th ee-fold app oa
h as follo s: ad o a ith the GoM fo the e uit e t of ualified te h
i ia s pa ti ula l at su - atio al a d lo al le els; suppo t the de
elop e t
a d i ple e tatio of t ai i g pa kages ith a ade i a d t ai i g
i stitutio s; a d st e gthe the delegated a age e t f a e o k fo
ate a d sa itatio p o isio i s all to s a d pe i-u a a eas. This o
k ill i lude the st e gthe i g of the se to atio al o ito i g s ste
SINAS , a d the i lusio of WASH i di ato s i the Edu atio a d
Health o ito i g s ste s. UNICEF ill ad o ate a d p o ide suppo t
to i stitutio alize sustai a ilit o ito i g he ks a d e ha ed data
a al sis fo e ide e ased pla i g a d e uita le esou e allo atio s
fo deli e of WASH se i es.
With the a o e e tio ed suppo t, the Natio al Ru al Wate Suppl a
d Sa itatio P og a e PRONASAR 8 should e o e a flagship p og a e
ith a d a i leade ship, a o it e t to
de e t alized i ple e tatio a d a fo us o the sustai a ilit of
WASH se i es. Rega di g pe i -u a a d s all to s WASH, ate s ste e
te sio s ill ea h g eate u e s of poo eside ts a d a hie e i p o ed
ope atio al effi ie ies e.g. edu i g o - e e ue ate , i p o i g ta
iff olle tio s i o de to eet e u e t ost e o e a d i p o e sustai a
ilit . These effo ts il l e losel li ked ith i o ati e fi a i g e
ha is s that el o a p og essi e poli e i o e t a d a elia le
Delegated Ma age e t F a e o k DMF 9 i o de to att a t i est e
t.
Fo us o the spe ifi WASH elated eeds of o e a d gi ls. As o e a
d gi ls a e affe ted disp opo tio all poo a ess to ate a d sa
itatio a d, i the o te t of Moza i ue, the a e o e likel tha e to e
poo , illite ate a d e luded f o de isio aki g p o esses, UNICEF
ill ai to add ess thei spe ifi eeds. This i ludes e su i g o e a e
i luded i the de isio aki g p o ess fo pla i g a d o e seei g ope
atio s a d a age e t of WASH se i es.
Mai esults that ill e attai ed i this output i lude:
Result Whe it ill e attai ed
Mai pa t e s
Natio al st ateg to eli i ate ope defe atio ag eed a d i ple e
ted
I te se to al sa itatio g oup DNAAS, MISAU, MINEDH, MEF,
MAEFP , se to pa t e s
Natio al sta da ds fo WASH i s hools a aila le a d i ple e ted
fo s ali g up
MINEDH/DIPLAC, DNAAS, DPOPHRHs, se to pa t e s
Natio al sustai a ilit o ito i g s ste adopted a d i ple e ted i
t o p o i es
DNAAS, DPOPHRHs, dist i t go e e ts, se to pa t e s
Capa it de elop e t pa kage at atio al, su - atio al a d lo al
le els de eloped a d i ple e ted
DNAAS, AIAS, CRA, DPOPHRHs, se to pa t e s
8 To achieve its rural WASH goals, the GoM established the
National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Programme (PRONASAR)
under the DNAAS, which includes a
Common Fund financing modality, currently with four contributing
partners (SDC, DFID, UNICEF and Austria). DNAAS has responsibility
for management and
implementation of PRONASAR.
9 The GoM s Delegated Ma age e t F a e o k fo u a ate suppl se i
es is ased o a pu li -private partnership, whereby assets are owned
by the
government, and their operation are managed by the private
sector under a concession, lease or management contract. FIPAG
(Fundo de Investimento e Património do Abastecimento de Água) and
AIAS are the investment and asset management institutions for
urban/peri-urban WASH. The regulatory institution is CRA. The DMF
centralizes responsibility for asset management and the award of
contracts for operations; it foresees the eventual decentralization
of these responsibilities to
municipalities.
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Output 2
Communities in target rural and peri-urban areas, small towns,
schools and health centres, have access to
sustainable water services and scalable service delivery
models.
E po e o u ities to de a d fo ate suppl se i es a d ake i fo ed
de isio s. Co u ities a e at the hea t of WASH se i e. Thei i ol e
e t a d u de sta di g of the sele tio , a age e t a d
o ito i g of WASH se i es is iti al to gua a tee sustai a le a
ess. Co u it o s defi e use eha iou s a d a e iti al fo sustai a
ilit . Co u ities eed to u de sta d the se i es a e ot f ee ut
should e p o ided at a affo da le ost. Clea a ou ta ilit e ha is s
of se i e p o ide s a d
lo al autho ities ill o t i ute to i p o ed a d sustai a le se i
e deli e .
A ke assu ptio is that ith i p o ed ualit of se i e, o e
households ill e illi g to pa fo the se i es, the e i easi g e e ue
fo ate o ittees o p i ate se i e p o ide s. Ho e e , this assu ptio
a e o st ai ed the fa t that so e households ight e illi g to pa ut
do ot ha e the ea s o esou es to do it. This i gs to the fo e the i
po ta e of p o -poo se i e p o isio , to e a le the e poo to affo d
the se i es. I o ati e fi a i g e ha is s ill e e plo ed, i ludi g
lifeli e ta iff st u tu es a d o t a tual o ligatio s fo p i ate
ope ato s to e pa d the ate dist i utio
et o ks a d i ease the u e of e efi ia ies.
Suppo t the p io itizatio of WASH i i stitutio s, spe ifi all at
s hools a d health a e fa ilities. As pa t of the SDG age da of u i
e sal a ess, as ell as i suppo t of SDG ta gets elati g to health a
d edu atio , UNICEF ill le e age its e pe ie e a d leade ship to p
o ote lose olla o atio et ee
i ist ies to de elop app op iate sta da ds fo WASH i i stitutio
s. Fo used effo ts ill e i ested to i teg ate WASH i di ato s i to
u e t Edu atio a d Health i fo atio s ste s. This o k ill i lude ad
o a a ou d the s ste atizatio of h gie e p o otio espe iall ha d
ashi g ith s hool hild e a d health o ke s as ell as the de elop e
t of e ha is s that suppo t sustai a le use a d
ai te a e of WASH fa ilities i i stitutio s.
Mai esults that ill e attai ed i this output i lude:
Result Whe it ill e attai ed
Mai pa t e s
, e use s ith i p o ed d i ki g ate sou es DNAAS, AIAS, CRA,
DPOPHRHs, u i ipalities a d dist i t
go e e ts
s hools ith o st u ted o eha ilitated ate suppl fa ilities
DNAAS, DIPLAC, DPOPHRH a d DPE, dist i t go e e ts
health e t es ith o st u ted o eha ilitated ate suppl fa
ilities
DNAAS, MISAU, DPOPHRH a d DPS of Za ezia a d Na pula
Wate suppl pla s i ple e ted i all ta geted o u ities
DNAAS, DPOPHRH, u i ipalities, dist i t
go e e ts, MISAU
Output 3
Communities in target rural and peri-urban areas, small towns,
schools and health centres, achieve open
defecation free (ODF) status, with increased access to adequate
sanitation services, improved hygiene
practices, the application of scalable approaches and access to
alternative financing mechanisms.
Sti ulate o u it de a d fo safe sa itatio . UNICEF ill p o ote a
d suppo t the p i iples of o u it app oa hes to total sa itatio
CATS . CATS ai s to a hie e ope defe atio f ee ODF o u ities th
ough the eatio of e so ial o s a ou d lat i e use. Th ough the
appli atio of e
se to sa itatio poli ies, CATS app oa hes ill e olled out at the
atio al le el. Coupled ith t he
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7
eatio of e de a d fo i p o ed sa itatio , lo - ost sa itatio a
keti g app oa hes ill allo fo fa ilies to o e up the sa itatio
ladde to i p o ed, o e du a le sa itatio solutio s.
A iti al oppo tu it fo a hie i g esults at s ale il l e to e po
e dist i t go e e ts to ide tif a aila le hu a a d i stitutio al
esou es that a e deplo ed to ta kle sa itatio i a i teg ated
a e . UNICEF s effo ts ill suppo t the dist i ts to de elop apa
ities a o g f o t -li e o ke s a d ke de isio - ake s at a o u it
le el. UNICEF ill suppo t lo al go e e ts to o k ith pa t e s a d
ke i flue e s i ludi g o u it health o ke s APEs , o u it health o
ittees, ate o ittees, ut itio a ti istas, PEC a ti istas, t aditio
al leade s, eligious leade s, t aditio al heale s, ad i has, et to
sti ulate so ial ha ge. This effo t ill seek to edu e depe de o e
te all
o t a ted NGOs o o sulta fi s, hi h a e o e of the fa to s that
a e hi de i g the effo ts to go s ale ith sa itatio i Moza i
ue.
UNICEF ill add ess the halle ges of ai tai i g ODF status. E pe
ie es i Moza i ue a d othe ou t ies i Af i a a d Asia, sho that it
is ital to ha e sustai ed follo -up a d o ito i g a ti ities to
p e e t eg essio to o -ODF situatio . The lo g-te eadi ess a d i
ol e e t of dist i t a d su -dist i t go e e ts as ell as st u tu
ed atio al o u i atio st ategies ill e ke to gua a tee the e ui ed
suppo t ea hes u al o u ities.
Suppo t pa t e s at a p o i ial a d dist i t le el to sti ulate
the adoptio of ke h gie e p a ti es. UNICEF ill uild o a ag eed i
teg ated se i e deli e platfo to i g togethe ut itio , WASH a d Co
u i atio fo De elop e t C D to e pa d positi e e pe ie es fo so ial
eha iou ha ge de eloped the WASH se to th ough CATS. This app oa h
ill e ou age so ial o ilizatio at a o u it a d household le el to e
gage ke i flue e s ithi thei o u it , i o po ati g CATS a d uildi g
o the MISAU s Model Fa il . Beha iou ha ge essages ill all e fu the
st e gthe ed
th ough ass- edia a d othe la ge s ale ha els.
Suppo t the p io itizatio of WASH i i stitutio s, spe ifi all at
s hools a d health a e fa ilities. See output .
Fo us o the spe ifi WASH elated eeds of o e a d gi ls. To suppo
t gi ls e ol e t a d ete tio i the edu atio s ste , s hool lat i es
ill e ge de sepa ated a d sta da ds ill e esta lished to e su e gi
ls a p a ti e safe e st ual h gie e a age e t i s hool setti gs.
UNICEF ill also e ui e all i ple e tatio pa t e s to epo t ge de
-disagg egated data.
Mai esults that ill e attai ed i this output i lude:
Result Whe it ill e attai ed
Mai pa t e s
, e use s ith i p o ed sa itatio fa ilities
DPOPHRHs, dist i t go e e ts, u i ipalities, MISAU
# of o u ities a d populatio e tified f ee of ope defe atio
DNAAS, DPOPHRHs, dist i t go e e ts, MISAU, MINEDH, se to pa t e
s
s hools ith o st u ted o eha ilitated sa itatio fa ilities
DNAAS, DIPLAC, DPOPHRHs, dist i t go e e ts
health e t es ith o st u ted o eha ilitated sa itatio fa
ilities
MISAU, DNAAS, DPOPHRHs a d DPS of Za ezia a d Na pula
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8
Output 4
The government has increased capacity to lead and coordinate
Humanitarian WASH partnerships to meet the
needs of the impacted populations.
I teg atio of hu a ita ia a d de elop e t o po e ts to i p o e
the lo g -te sustai a ilit of WASH se i es a d the effe ti e ess of
hu a ita ia espo ses. UNICEF ill o ti ue to e the WASH luste lead a
d suppo t GoM e ha is s fo WASH hu a ita ia oo di atio , p epa ed
ess a d espo se at oth the atio al a d de e t alized le els. Spe
ifi a eas of atte tio fo p epa ed ess ill e
u de sta di g a d a agi g isks a ou d the p ote tio of g ou d
ate a d supe fi ial ate esou es, adaptatio to dete io ati g ate
ualit , i ludi g i eased sali izatio , a d disaste - esilie t ate a
d sa itatio te h ologies a d s ste s.
Mai esults that ill e attai ed i this output i lude:
Result Whe it ill e attai ed
Mai pa t e s
Se to / luste oo di atio e ha is ope atio al
DNAAS, WASH luste e e s
, people i hu a ita ia situatio s ho a ess safe d i ki g ate ,
app op iate sa itatio a d ha d ashi g fa ilities
DNAAS, WASH luste e e s, HCT
Natio al WASH e e ge espo se sta da ds e ist a d a e et i e e ge
espo se situatio s.
DNAAS, WASH Cluste pa t e s, HCT
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9
Figure 2. Results structure and implementation strategies
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10
4. Results structure: outputs, outcomes, and indicators
Key results Progress indicators Baseline Target Means of
verifications Key partners
Sustainable development Goal 6: Ensure availability and
sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
National development Plan Priority – PQG (2015-2019): Priority
II: Social and Human Capital Development; Strategic Objective iii:
Increase the provision of and access to water supply and sanitation
services. UNDAF Outcome 6: People equitably access and use quality
health, water and sanitation services
UNICEF WASH Programme Outcome
By 2020, people in targeted rural, small towns, and peri-
urban areas use sustainable and safe drinking water
services, adequate sanitation and improved hygiene
practices.
% people using safe and
sustainable water supply
facilities in rural and urban
areas of target Districts
Rural-52%; Urban - 85%
(2014)
Rural- 75%; Urban-90% National household
surveys
MOPHRH (DNAAS, AIAS,
CRA)
% people using safe and
sustainable sanitation
facilities in rural and urban
areas of target Districts
Rural: 15%; Urban -50%
(2014)
Rural-50%
Urban -80%
National household
surveys
MOPHRH (DNAAS, AIAS,
CRA)
% people practicing Open
Defecation
Rural-52%; Urban-13%;
Total-39%; (2015)
Rural – 30%; Urbano-8% (TBC)
National household
surveys
MOPHRH (DNAAS, AIAS);
Intersectoral Sanitation
group
UNICEF WASH Programme Outputs
1. By 2020, the capacity of the Government at national
and decentralized level has been improved in policy
development, planning, monitoring, coordination,
programme implementation, financial resource leveraging
and budgeting for equitable and sustainable access to
WASH services at scale.
1.1 National budget allocated & spent for WASH(as % of
annual state budget)
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11
Key results Progress indicators Baseline Target Means of
verifications Key partners
2.3 # of health centres with
constructed or rehabilitated
water supply facilities
0 50 Programme reports MoH, DPOPHRHs,
DNAAS, AIAS
2.4 Water safety plan implemented at community
level
NA Water safety plan
implemented in all
targeted communities
Programme reports DPOPHRHs,
Municipalities, District
Governments, MISAU
3. By 2020, communities in target rural and peri-urban
areas, small towns, schools and health centres, achieve
open defecation free status, with increased access to
adequate sanitation services, improved hygiene practices,
the application of scalable approaches and access to
alternative financing mechanisms.
3.1 # of new users with
improved sanitation facilities
Rural-0; peri-urban/small
towns-0
Rural-500,000; peri-
urban/small towns-
100,000
Programme reports DPOPHRHs,
Municipalities, District
Governments, MISAU
3.2 # of communities and
total population certified free
of open defecation under the
PRONASAR.
0 10,000 National ODF annual
reports
DNAAS, DPOPHRHs,
District Governments,
MISAU, MINEDH, sector
partners
3.3 # of schools with
constructed/rehabilitated
sanitation facilities
0 200 Programme reports DNAAS, DPOPHRHs,
DIPLAC; District
Governments
3.4 # of health centres with
constructed and rehabilitated
sanitation facilities
0 50 Programme reports MISAU, DNAAS,
DPOPHRHs
4. By 2020, government has increased capacity to lead and
coordinate Humanitarian WASH partnerships to meet the
needs of the impacted populations.
4.1 Operational
cluster/sector coordination
mechanism for WASH
Operational however with
limited Government
leadership
Sector/cluster
coordination mechanism
operational under
Government leadership.
Sector/Cluster minutes
and 4W matrices
DNAAS, WASH Cluster
partners
4.2 # people in humanitarian
situations who access safe
drinking water and
appropriate sanitation &
handwashing facilities.
0 At least 50,000 affected
people
Humanitarian reports DNAAS, WASH Cluster
partners, HCT
4.3 National WASH
emergency response
standards exist and are met
in emergency response
situations.
WASH emergency standards
available however needs
update
Updated and being
applied WASH
emergency standards
Sector/Cluster tools,
reports
DNAAS, WASH Cluster
partners, HCT
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5. Monitoring outputs and demonstrating UNICEF’s contribution to
outcomes The p og a e ill follo the pla i g a d e ie p o esses o o
to all a eas of assista e u de the UNICEF P og a e of Co-ope atio
fo - . P og a e i ple e tatio ill e o ito ed th ough the Go e e
t-UNICEF A ual Wo k Pla s AWPs . UNICEF ill p o ide i stitutio al
suppo t a d te h i al assista e fo field o ito i g a d oo di atio a
ti ities. As pa t of the te h i al suppo t p o ided to DPOPH a d
dist i ts, the atio al o ito i g s ste fo WASH SINAS ill e fu the i
teg ated a d ope atio alized.
Also, he atio al household su e s take pla e, e data ill e used
to update o ito i g aseli es. AWP o ito i g ill i lude pe iodi olle
tio of i fo atio . A ual joi t e ie s ith the
GoM a d do o s ill se e as the fo al e ha is th ough hi h all pa
ties a ag ee to odif the p og a e. Follo i g the ag ee e t to i teg
ate WASH o e age i to Mi ist of Health a d Mi ist of Edu atio
statisti s, the data ill e t a ked to o ito i p o e e ts.
The esults ased f a e o k a d its theo of ha ge e ui es that a
set of o e i di ato s e ide tified at ea h le el to e su e the e is
ade uate epo ti g o p og ess a d i pa ts. I li e ith the e ui e e
ts of a sou d o ito i g a d e aluatio s ste , st ategi uestio s eed
to e ide tified to
p o ide guida e fo adapti e a age e t fo i pa t. It is i po ta t
to p io itize the st ategi uestio s as esou es a ot allo all uestio
s to e o e ed i p oposed studies. Ke st ategi uestio s a i
lude:
A e the app oa hes e plo ed fo h gie e a d sa itatio p o otio
effe ti e i i flue i g sustai a le eha iou ha ge at the household
le el a d so ial o eatio at the o u it le el? What ha e ee the ost
a d least su essful app oa hes to h gie e
p o otio ?
Has the i stitutio al apa it de elop e t suppo t esulted i s ala
le i ple e tatio of sustai a le WASH?
A e i o ati e fi a i g odels a d app oa hes appli a le i Moza i
ue? Is the p i ate se to illi g to i est? Is the Mi ist of Fi a e
illi g to suppo t a WASH fa ilit ?
Does the i ease i ualit of ate suppl se i es t a slate i to i p
o ed pa e ts fo se i es? What othe fa to s a e i po ta t? What p
o-poo app oa hes a e adopted lo al autho ities?
Ho has the apa it of i il so iet ee i eased to suppo t thei ole
i so ial a ou ta ilit , fa ilitatio a d ad o a fo ette ate , sa
itatio a d h gie e se i es?
What is the elati e effi ie a d effe ti e ess of the diffe e t
odalities suppo ted UNICEF to a hie e esults fo the poo a d ul e a
le?
A e WASH elated e e ge ies espo ded to i a hild-f ie dl , effi
ie t a e ? Ca p ope p epa ed ess help edu e the a ou t of hole a
ases i Moza i ue?
A ual sustai a ilit he ks ith its o posite set of sustai a ilit
pa a ete s -te h i al, so ial, i stitutio al, fi a ial-, ill e i
ple e ted as pa t of the atio al Sustai a ilit Che k fo WASH i f
ast u tu e, fo hi h UNICEF suppo ts the atio al go e e t.
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13
6. Resource requirements (values in USD)
WASH output Staff osts Total
Output . B , the apa it of the Go e e t at atio al a d de e t
alized le el has ee i p o ed i poli de elop e t, pla i g, o ito i
g, oo di atio , p og a e i ple e tatio , fi a ial esou e le e agi g
a d udgeti g fo e uita le a d sustai a le a ess to WASH se i es at
s ale.
RR , , , , , , ,
OR , , , , , , , ,
Total , , , , , , , , , , , ,
. B , o u ities i ta get u al a d pe i-u a a eas, s all to s, s
hools a d health e t es, ha e a ess to sustai a le ate se i es a d
s ala le se i e deli e odels.
RR , , , , , , , , , , ,
OR , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Total , , , , , , , , , , , ,
. B , o u ities i ta get u al a d pe i-u a a eas, s all to s, s
hools a d health e t es, a hie e ope defe atio f ee status, ith i
eased a ess to ade uate sa itatio se i es, i p o ed h gie e p a ti
es, the appli atio of s ala le app oa hes a d a ess to alte ati e
fi a i g e ha is s.
RR , , , , , , , ,
OR , , , , , , , , , , , ,
Total , , , , , , , , , , , ,
. B , go e e t has i eased apa it to lead a d oo di ate Hu a ita
ia WASH pa t e ships to eet the eeds of the i pa ted populatio
s.
RR , , , , , ,
OR , , , , , ,
Total , , , , , , ,
Total WASH , , , , , , , , , , , ,
7. External risks and planned responses
E te al isks hi h ould sig ifi a tl i pede the a hie e e t of
outputs a d o se ue tl the WASH out o e a e p ese ted elo alo gside
p oposed itigatio easu es.
Despite the g o i g fis al spa e i Moza i ue, the go e e t allo
atio fo WASH se to i est e ts e ai s i ade uate to eet the g o i g
eeds . As al ead highlighted i the do u e t, populatio g o th a d
apid u a izatio a e halle gi g the e pa sio of ate a d sa itatio se
i es. Fu the o e, i eased i est e t osts oupled ith outdated desig
sta da ds a hi de effo ts to i ease ate suppl o e age. The p oposed
itigatio easu es i lude poli dialogue to le e age esou es f o the
GoM a d do o s, a d e plo e i o ati e fu di g e ha is s i ludi g
the p i ate se to –e t a ti es as ell as ulti o ilate al a ks-. The
de elop e t of app oa hes like a u al‐u a o ti uu – u al, s all to
s, pe i‐u a , a d u a - should allo fle i ilit i de elopi g diffe e
tiated te h ologies, odula desig s a d se ue tial upg adi g alo g
this o ti uu , to e su e also that the se i es p o ided a e affo da
le to all populatio g oups.
Co it e t to ake of sa itatio a d h gie e a p io it i the go e e
t age da. So fa , the GoM a d se to stakeholde s ha e sho thei illi
g ess to add ess these halle ges, ut the e has ee a
ig gap i te s of fi a ial a d hu a esou es allo atio to eet the
p oposed ta gets.
The e is agai the eed of o ti uous poli dialogue a d ad o a to
se u e the i te est of the GoM a d pa t e s ut, fu the o e, se u e
the o it e t a d i te est of p o i ial a d lo al go e e ts hi h a e
lose to the eeds of u al o u ities a d s all to s
The politi al e i o e t. Whi h a di e t u h eeded esou es i WASH
a d also slo do the pa e of WASH se i es p o isio to eet the p
oposed ta gets.
1. Introduction2. Situation of water and sanitation access in
Mozambique3. Theory of changeFigure 2. Results structure and
implementation strategies4. Results structure: outputs, outcomes,
and indicators5. Monitoring outputs and demonstrating UNICEF’s
contribution to outcomes6. Resource requirements (values in USD)7.
External risks and planned responses
