STREAM Project 1 Creating an autonomous line-following vehicle In this project, you will be focusing on: Functions and applications of DC motors and IR sensors, recognise the different types of signals and the need for PWM control Computer-aided design including 3D modelling and then 3D printing technologies, use of programmable microprocessor boards Looking for different types of information that will help you complete your project successfully The engineering design process employed through mechanical and computer engineering skills Designs will be sketched and 3D modelled Dimension measurement and calculation of sizes of various shapes G11_A_WB.indb 84 G11_A_WB.indb 84 8/19/2021 12:09:05 AM 8/19/2021 12:09:05 AM
Transcript
STREAM Project 1Creating an autonomous line-following vehicle
In this project, you will be focusing on:
Functions and applications of DC motors and IR sensors, recognise the different types of signals and the need for PWM control
Computer-aided design including 3D modelling and then 3D printing technologies, use of programmable microprocessor boards
Looking for different types of information that will help you complete your project successfully
The engineering design process employed through mechanical and computer engineering skills
Designs will be sketched and 3D modelled
Dimension measurement and calculation of sizes of various shapes
G11_A_WB.indb 84G11_A_WB.indb 84 8/19/2021 12:09:05 AM8/19/2021 12:09:05 AM
Entrepreneurial Design Process
The design brief
Analysing the brief
Research and Investigation
Possible solutions
Final solution
Design Realisation
Evaluation
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Stage 5
Stage 6
Stage 7
G11_A_WB.indb 85G11_A_WB.indb 85 8/19/2021 12:09:05 AM8/19/2021 12:09:05 AM
This stream project aims to assess your understanding of the design process to create an autonomous vehicle prototype. You will follow the design process to analyse the brief before carrying out research and investigation. You will use the information gathered to sketch possible and final solutions. You will create a 3D model of the prototype. This 3D model will be manufactured using 3D printing. Once manufactured, the prototype will be assembled with the required electronic components and programmed to follow a specified path using Raspberry Pi.
• Sketching• Technical graphics• Basic 3D modelling Fusion 360
• Science: functions and applications of DC motors and IR sensors, recognise the different types of signals and the need for PWM control
• Technology: computer-aided design including 3D modelling and then 3D printing technologies, use of programmable microprocessor boards
• Reading: looking for different types of information that will help you complete your project successfully
• Art: designs will be sketched and 3D modelled • Engineering: the engineering design process employed through mechanical and computer
engineering skills• Math: dimension measurement and calculation of sizes of various shapes
• Analyse the main sections of a design brief.• Address the constraints and requirements of a design problem.• Apply different methods of research.• Transform research ideas into possible solutions for a design problem.• Construct a prototype to solve a design problem through various prototyping means.• Test a design prototype for operational expectations.• Evaluate the success of implementing the proposed design idea.• Improve a design prototype to overcome identified design faults. • Create a business plan and work within a team to achieve it.
Aim
Learning outcomes
Prior Knowledge
My STREAM focus
Creating an autonomous line-following vehicle
G11_A_WB.indb 86G11_A_WB.indb 86 8/19/2021 12:09:05 AM8/19/2021 12:09:05 AM
The UAE has visions of becoming a world leader in entrepreneurship and technology. One of the hottest topics of discussion in the world of technology now is autonomous vehicles. The UAE remains in the top 10 countries in the world and leads the region when it comes to being prepared for driverless vehicles. According to KPMG’s 2019 Autonomous Vehicles Readiness Index, the UAE is in the top 10 countries in the world. This is all thanks to its world-class road infrastructure, its government’s readiness, and the readiness of its technology infrastructure.
In January 2019, the UAE tested autonomous taxis in the Dubai Silicon Oasis area. The autonomous taxis were set to operate on a scheduled route. They would also have a driver intervene should the taxi need to be controlled manually in case of an emergency.
Driverless pods have been operating in Abu Dhabi’s Masdar city since 2010. These personal rapid transit pods have allowed mobility within Masdar city allowing it to remain a carbon-neutral and car-free city. In 2018, a driverless shuttle was launched with plans to launch 7 more in 2019.
Emirates airlines has also stated it plans to automate airside operations by running driverless fleet for ferrying luggage/passengers to aircraft.
As a grade 11 Advanced CDI Student, you must now apply the skills you have learned in CDI to solve an entrepreneurial project. You must design and create a model of an autonomous vehicle that can follow a specified path. The autonomous vehicle will be used to transport passengers between pavilions at Expo 2020. You must follow the design process to create a 3D model of an autonomous vehicle prototype. As an entrepreneur, you should create a business model and prepare to present your idea to potential investors.
Your autonomous vehicle must:• contain at least two DC motors to propel the vehicle forward, left, right and backward.• contain a Raspberry Pi that will control the vehicle’s motion.• use suitable sensors to follow a black line autonomously.• contain an ultrasonic sensor that will stop the vehicle if it senses an object less than 5cm away.• contain a stable chassis capable of housing all the required components including the DC power supply.• contain a removable shell or cover that attaches to the chassis.• be capable of safely carrying passengers.• clearly show an Expo 2020 theme.
STAGE 1The design brief
G11_A_WB.indb 87G11_A_WB.indb 87 8/19/2021 12:09:05 AM8/19/2021 12:09:05 AM
In the space below, create a mood board/research page to display the information gathered in activities 1.2.1 – 1.3.1. You may use a combination of images, sketches, and notes.
G11_A_WB.indb 94G11_A_WB.indb 94 8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM
Create a 2D Orthographic plan view of an autonomous vehicle chassis in the space below. Refer to chapter 2, section 3 of the student book for various methods of creating accurate drawings of a chassis.
3D models of all the components provided in the project kit can be downloaded from the link below. The QR code of each component will also allow you to explore it on the A360 app. This will also help you to visualise and arrange components in your design.
Possible solution 1
G11_A_WB.indb 95G11_A_WB.indb 95 8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM
In the space below, draw a plan view showing the position of all the components. The plan view should be drawn to full scale. The plan can be produced on paper or using CAD.
G11_A_WB.indb 96G11_A_WB.indb 96 8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM
Now that you have positioned the components and created a plan view of the chassis, you must create a 3D sketch of a possible chassis solution in the space below.
Create a pictorial sketch of a suitable chassis. The sketch must include at least two DC motors and wheels. The sketch must clearly show the position of all the required sensors and components of the autonomous circuit. Clearly annotate how the chassis will be stabilised while in motion. Clearly annotate the position and function of any sensors placed in the chassis design.
You may print a 3D view of the components in position on CAD and create a sketch based around these components.
State at least one advantage and one disadvantage of the design.
Remember to sketch lightly in pencil and then define the sketch with heavy lines.
Advantages :
Disadvantages :
G11_A_WB.indb 97G11_A_WB.indb 97 8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM
Sketch a suitable shell/cover for your autonomous vehicle design in the space below.
Create a pictorial sketch of a suitable shell/cover. The sketch must clearly show how it will be attached to the chassis. Clearly annotate how the design will safely carry passengers. If any sensors are placed in the shell, clearly annotate their positions and functions.
State at least one advantage and one disadvantage of the design.
Remember to sketch lightly in pencil and then define the sketch with heavy lines.
Advantages :
Disadvantages :
G11_A_WB.indb 98G11_A_WB.indb 98 8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM
Create a 2D orthographic plan view of a second autonomous vehicle chassis in the space below.
Refer to chapter 2, section 3 of the student book for various methods of creating accurate drawings of a chassis.
In the space below, draw a plan view showing the positions of all the components. The plan view should be drawn to full scale. The plan can be produced on paper or using CAD.
Possible solution 2
G11_A_WB.indb 99G11_A_WB.indb 99 8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM
Now that you have positioned the components and created a plan view of the chassis, you must create a 3D sketch of a second possible chassis solution in the space below.
Create a pictorial sketch of a suitable chassis. The sketch must include at least two DC motors and wheels. The sketch must clearly show the position of all the required sensors and components of the autonomous circuit. Clearly annotate how the chassis will be stabilised while in motion. Clearly annotate the positions and functions of any sensors placed in the chassis design.
You may print a 3D view of the components in position on CAD and create a sketch based around these components.
State at least one advantage and one disadvantage of the design.
Remember to sketch lightly in pencil and then define the sketch with heavy lines.
Advantages :
Disadvantages :
G11_A_WB.indb 100G11_A_WB.indb 100 8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM
Sketch a suitable shell/cover for your autonomous vehicle design in the space below.
Create a pictorial sketch of a suitable shell/cover. The sketch must clearly show how it will be attached to the chassis. Clearly annotate how the design will safely carry passengers. If any sensors are placed in the shell, clearly annotate their positions and functions.
State at least one advantage and one disadvantage of the design.
Remember to sketch lightly in pencil and then define the sketch with heavy lines.
Advantages :
Disadvantages :
G11_A_WB.indb 101G11_A_WB.indb 101 8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM
You have studied visual communication this term. You must now use a combination of technical graphics and CAD to create a final solution. As you develop as a designer, it is good practice to move between CAD models and freehand drawing to develop the ultimate final solution.
Activity 1.5.1
Sketch one final solution for the chassis below. State at least two advantages and two disadvantages of the final design. Clearly annotate all the components and their functions.
Advantages :
Disadvantages :
G11_A_WB.indb 102G11_A_WB.indb 102 8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM
Create a 3D CAD model of the unique chassis sketched in activity 1.5.1. The 3D model must hold all the required components (including sensors) and show a suitable method of stabilising the chassis as the vehicle moves. All the motors must be mounted in place using suitable skills.
Chapter 2 of the Student Book will aid you with using suitable tools to create a chassis.
Paste an image of the chassis model below. Include the timeline to show all the features used.
What features did you use to create the chassis and motor mounts?
G11_A_WB.indb 103G11_A_WB.indb 103 8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM
Sketch one final solution for the shell below. State at least two advantages and two disadvantages of the final design. Clearly annotate how the design will safely carry passengers. If any sensors are placed in the shell, clearly annotate their positions and functions.
Advantages :
Disadvantages :
G11_A_WB.indb 104G11_A_WB.indb 104 8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM
You must now finalise the 3D models created in stage 5. Combine all the bodies to be 3D printed as one part. Save each separate part as an STL file for 3D printing.
Paste an image of the final CAD model below showing all required parts as separate bodies.
CAD and CAMIn stage 5 you used visual communication skills, such as technical graphics and computer-aided design to produce a final solution. You must now finalise this CAD model and use it to manufacture the proposed design. This prototype is to be manufactured using the CAM process 3D printing.
G11_A_WB.indb 106G11_A_WB.indb 106 8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM
Describe the process of converting a body or component in CAD to a finished 3D printing product. (You must include all the correct file types, software names etc.)
Paste an image of at least one part ready to print in the FlashForge 3D printing software. The file should show all the required supports.
Manufacturing/Assembly:You should have now completed a full 3D model with separate bodies for the chassis and the shell. These must now be manufactured to create the autonomous vehicle prototype. In Industry, various manufacturing processes are used to create parts such as CNC machining, 3D printing, welding, plasma cutting etc. For this project, all the parts will be manufactured using a 3D printer.
G11_A_WB.indb 107G11_A_WB.indb 107 8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM8/19/2021 12:09:06 AM
Business planAs an entrepreneur, you must now create a business plan to form a company. The business plan should prepare you to present your business idea to potential investors such as the Khalifa Fund.
“The Khalifa Fund was established in June 2007 by the virtue of the (Law 14 of 2005), as an independent, not-for-profit, small and medium enterprises (SMEs), socio-economic, development agency of the government of Abu Dhabi. The purpose of establishing the fund is to help develop local enterprises in Abu Dhabi by instilling and enriching the culture of investment amongst UAE nationals, as well as supporting and developing small to medium-sized investments in the emirate. The Khalifa Fund started with a total capital of 300 million AED, which was gradually increased to 2 billion AED and covering all of the UAE.”
Use the guidelines below to complete the business plan road map.
Form your team Create a team and assign roles to each member of the team.
Business idea Give a brief outline of the business concept to be presented.
Market research Research potential competition and potential customers.
Sales and marketing Describe the strategy you will use to create a customer base.
