DOI : 10.23883/IJRTER.2019.5023.F2CZP 1

Strengthen the Bituminous Road by Using Dimensioned Stone Waste

Ashish Kumar Meena1, Nikhil Kumar Sharma

2, Deepak Mathur

3

1Pursing M.Tech in Transportation Engineering form Kautilya Institute of Technology & Engineering, Jaipur

2Asst. Prof. in Department of Civil Engineering, Kautilya Institute of Technology & Engineering, Jaipur

3 Asst. Prof. in Department of Civil Engineering, Kautilya Institute of Technology & Engineering, Jaipur

Abstract— Humankind has always exploited the natural resources to fulfill its basic needs. The

development of country is directly related to the road network of the country as we know India is in

its developing stage. Road construction required raw material i.e. Bitumen, Aggregate, Earth etc.

These materials are natural resources which increase the consumption which makes the depletion of

natural resources. Due to depletion of natural resources make human switch to alternative material

available for construction construction. Kota Stone and Marble are fine grained variety of dimension

stone mined in and around Kota and Kishangarh.

In recent years, studies have claimed the waste material from dimension stone can be used into

pavement district respectively. After mining, stone under goes finishing operation such as cutting,

sawing and polishing. Each operation is accomplished with generation of non-biodegradable material

stone waste.

This study mainly focus on using Kota stone, Marble stone waste as a form of aggregate and Marble

dust as a filler material at 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 % of replacement to natural material in various layer

of Flexible Pavement. Flexible pavement layer consider for this study are Granular Sub-Base (GSB)

grade I & II having coarse and fine aggregate in different proposition. Replacements of natural

aggregate with Dimensioned stone waste in these layers are examined on parameter like Proctor test,

CBR test. Engineering properties of Kota stone and marble stone waste are compared to natural

material as per MoR&TH recommended test procedure.

Index Terms—CBR Test, Proctor Test, GSB, Kota stone, marble pavement etc.

I. INTRODUCTION

Because of the global shortage of resources, an increasing number of people are aware that natural

resources, especially the non-renewable ones, should be used efficiently. For fulfillment the demand

over mining is done that cause adverse effect on environment. Leaving the mining waste directly to

the environment can cause environmental problems. Rajasthan is very popular for its Marble and

Kota Stone use in floor finishing and other works. At the time of dimensioning those lots of tones

waste is generated which directly dispose in environment which causes adverse effect.

II. OBJECTIVES

Following are the main objectives of our study

� Reduction in usage of natural aggregate.

� To study the engineering properties of Kota Stone and Marble stone.

� To compare the Engineering properties Kota Stone and Marble stone waste with Natural

Aggregate.

� Replace natural aggregate with Kota Stone and Marble Stone waste in different layer.

� To evaluate the MDD, OMC and CBR at Various percent of replacement with Kota Stone and

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)

Volume 05, Issue 04; April- 2019 [ISSN: 2455-1457]

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Marble Stone waste.

III. MATERIAL USED

A. Kota Stone Waste

Kota stone is a fine-grained variety of lime stone, quarried at Kota district, Rajasthan. In this project

the Kota stone waste is collected near Kota district and crushed in required size.

Fig.1Crushed Waste Kota stone

B. Marble Stone Waste

Marble Stone waste is collected from Kishangarh district, Rajasthan for the project purpose and

crushed in desired size.

Fig.2 Marble Dust and Crushed Marble stone waste

C. Natural Aggregate

Aggregates are the major portion of the pavement structure. Different size of aggregate is used for

different layer of flexible pavement. Aggregate are collected from crusher of Bassi, Agra road,

Jaipur.

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)

Volume 05, Issue 04; April- 2019 [ISSN: 2455-1457]

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Fig. 3 Natural aggregate

Table 1 Engineering Properties of Different Aggregate

Properties Kota Stone Marble Stone Natural Aggregate

Aggregate Impact Value 20.11% 22.68% 14.57%

Los Angeles Abrasion Value 27.45% 10.46% 15.98%

Combined Flakiness and Elongation Indices 34.1% 37% 27.8%

Water Absorption Value 0.44% 0.5% 0.26%

Liquid Limit Of material passing 425micron 21% 23% 18%

Plasticity Index of material passing 425 micron 4% 5% 3%

Specific Gravity 2.85 2.78 2.75

Crushing Value 10.15 30.10% 13.5

IV. TEST PERFORMED

A. Compaction test

Compaction test of soil is done by using Proctor’s test to find out compaction characteristics of

different soils with respect to change in moisture content. Compaction of soil is the optimal moisture

content (OMC) at which a given sample type becomes most dense and achieve its maximum dry

density (MDD) by removal of air voids. For pavement sub grade Modified Proctor Compaction is

conducted by using metal rammer of 50 mm diameter, 4.89 kg weight with free drop of 450 mm. At

field 95% of maximum dry density must achieve for serviceability of the pavement on each layer i.e.

GSB, WMM.

B. California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test

The California Bearing Ratio(CBR) test is done on different material to inspect resistance under the

penetration of standard plunger at controlled density and moisture conditions. It was developed by

the California Division of Highways as a method of classifying and evaluating soil- subgrade and

base course materials for flexible pavements. This test is recommended by MoR&TH for GSB layer

to inspect the strength. As per MoR&TH recommendation 4 days Soaked CBR is performed at

optimum moisture content (OMC) to achieve maximum dry density (MDD) of specimen.

V. TEST RESULTS

Table 2 GSB GRADE I replacement results

KS+MD (%) OMC (%) MDD (g/cc) Soaked CBR % Min. CBR (%)

0 6.2 2.52 53.21 30

20 6.25 2.5 46.26 30

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)

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40 6.4 2.49 44.06 30

60 6.42 2.47 41.97 30

80 6.6 2.42 40.62 30

100 6.72 2.38 37.77 30

Table 3 GSB GRADE II replacement results

KS+MD (%) OMC (%) MDD (g/cc) Soaked CBR % Min. CBR (%)

0 6.22 2.5 49.70 30

20 6.31 2.48 43.40 30

40 6.46 2.45 41.13 30

60 6.5 2.37 38.40 30

80 6.62 2.33 36.77 30

100 6.78 2.3 34.23 30

Table 4 GSB Grade I Replacement results

MS+MD (%) OMC (%) MDD (g/cc) Soaked CBR % Min. CBR (%)

0 6.2 2.52 53.21 30

20 6.28 2.49 43.58 30

40 6.43 2.46 40.56 30

60 6.58 2.41 37.07 30

80 6.7 2.38 34.64 30

100 6.76 2.34 30.87 30

Table 5 GSB Grade II Replacement results

MS+MD (%) OMC (%) MDD (g/cc) Soaked CBR % Min. CBR (%)

0 6.22 2.5 49.70 30

20 6.35 2.45 41.17 30

40 6.48 2.41 38.45 30

60 6.52 2.36 35.56 30

80 6.67 2.32 31.98 30

100 6.86 2.24 29.41 30

Table 6 GSB Grade I Replacement results

KS+MS+MD (%) OMC (%) MDD (g/cc) Soaked CBR % Min. CBR (%)

0 6.2 2.52 53.21 30

20 6.28 2.49 44.72 30

40 6.43 2.47 41.30 30

60 6.48 2.45 36.16 30

80 6.64 2.41 33.05 30

100 6.74 2.36 31.47 30

Table 7 GSB Grade II Replacement results

KS+MS+MD (%) OMC (%) MDD (g/cc) Soaked CBR % Min. CBR (%)

0 6.22 2.5 49.70 30

20 6.3 2.44 41.28 30

40 6.5 2.39 39.46 30

60 6.51 2.33 34.35 30

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)

Volume 05, Issue 04; April- 2019 [ISSN: 2455-1457]

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80 6.65 2.31 32.22 30

100 6.84 2.27 30.98 30

Fig.4 Comparative Soaked CBR value of GSB grade I with various wastes

Fig.5 Comparative Soaked CBR value of GSB grade II with various wastes

Fig. 6 Comparative OMC value of GSB grade I with various wastes

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)

Volume 05, Issue 04; April- 2019 [ISSN: 2455-1457]

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Fig. 7 Comparative OMC value of GSB grade II with various wastes

Fig. 8 Comparative MDD value of GSB grade I with various wastes

Fig. 10 Comparative MDD value of GSB grade II with various wastes

VI. CONCLUSION

� CBR results of grade I & II decreased with increment of percentage replacements of Kota stone

waste and marble dust. When we fully replace natural material with kota stone and marble dust CBR

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER)

Volume 05, Issue 04; April- 2019 [ISSN: 2455-1457]

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result reached upto minimum range which is not suitable for any type of construction, so it is

suggested to allow the replacement to be done upto maximum limit of 70%.

� CBR results of grade I & II decreased with increment of percentage replacements of marble waste

and marble dust. When we fully replace natural material with marble stone and marble dust CBR

result reached upto minimum range which is not suitable for any type of construction, so it is

suggested to allow the replacement to be done upto maximum limit of 60%.

� After performing test combined mixture of Kota stone and marble stone with Marble dust as filler

in an equal proportion gave average result of individual mixes, so it can be used upto the range of

65% replacement.

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