© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
STRENGTHENINGCAPACITYFORENVIRONMENTALLAWINTHEASIA-PACIFIC:DEVELOPINGENVIRONMENTALLAWCHAMPIONS
SiemReap,27November- 1December2017SESSION10:SUBSTANTIVE&PROCEDURALRIGHTSIN
ENVIRONMENTALLAW
PresentedbyProfAlexanderPatersonUniversityofCapeTown
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
OVERVIEWOFTHESCOPE/CONTENTSESSIONS
2
• Introductionforenvironmentallaw• Environmental(spatial)planning&EIAlaw• Environmentalprotectionlaw• Biodiversityandheritagelaw• Naturalresourcesmanagementlaw• Climatechange/cleanenergylaw• Environmentaldisputeresolution• Rightsinenvironmentallaw• Internationalenvironmentallaw• Regionalenvironmentallaw
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
CONTENT
3
SubstantiveRights
3 MAINISSUES
ProceduralRights
RightsforNature
AarhusConvention
HumanRights EnvironmentalRights
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
SUBSTANTIVEVSPROCEDURALRIGHTS
4
rightrelatingtothesubstanceofbeing
human
substantiverights proceduralrights
righttoaproceduretoenforcea
substantiveright
humanrights
environmentalrights
righttoaproceduretochallengedecisions&
enforcelegalduties
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
HUMANRIGHTS
5
• Righttolife• Righttoequality(non-discrimination&equalprotection)• Humandignity• Freedomofsecurityofperson• Righttoprivacy• Freedomofreligion,beliefandopinion• Freedomofexpression• Freedomofassociation• Freedomofmovement
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
HUMANRIGHTS…
6
• Freedomoftrade,occupationandprofession• Righttoproperty• Righttoadequatestandardofliving(food,medicine,
clothing,housing,water)• Children’srights• Righttoeducation• Righttoselfdetermination• Environmentalrights
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
ENVIRONMENTALRIGHTS
7
• Origins(StockholmDeclaration)1972o ‘Theenvironmentisessentialto…theenjoymentofbasichuman
rights- eventherighttolifeitself’(Preamble)o ‘Manhasthefundamentalrightto…adequateconditionsoflife
inanenvironmentofaqualitythatpermitsalifeofdignityandwell-being’(Principle1)
o OurCommonFutures(BrundtlandReport)1987o ‘allhumanbeingshavethefundamentalrighttoanenvironment
adequatefortheirhealthandwell-being’
origins1972 1987
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
ENVIRONMENTALRIGHTS…
8
90
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
ENVIRONMENTALRIGHTS…
9
duty(state) duty(citizen)
right(citizen) mixture
differentapproaches
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
ENVIRONMENTALRIGHTS…
10
• DutyonStateo ConstitutionoftheKingdomofCambodia(Article59)
o ‘TheStateshallprotecttheenvironmentandbalanceofabundantnaturalresourcesandestablishapreciseplanofmanagementofland,water,air,windgeology,ecologicsystem,mines,energy,petrol,andgas,rocksandsand,gems,forestsandforestproducts,wildlife,fishandaquaticresources.’
• DutyofCitizenso ConstitutionoftheLaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic(Article19)
o ‘Allorganisationsandcitizensmustprotecttheenvironmentandnaturalresources:landsurfaces,underground[resources,]forests,animals,watersourcesandtheatmosphere.’
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
ENVIRONMENTALRIGHTS…
11
• RightforCitizenso ConstitutionofSouthAfrica(Article24(a))
o ‘Everyonehastherighttoanenvironmentthatisnotharmfultotheirhealthorwell-being…’
• MixtureofRightandDutyo AngolanConstitution(Article24)
o ‘(1)Allcitizensshallhavetherighttoliveinahealthyandunpollutedenvironment.
o (2)TheStateshalltaketherequisitemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentandnationalspeciesoffloraandfaunathroughoutthenationalterritoryandmaintainecologicalbalance.
o (3)Actsthatdamageordirectlyorindirectlyjeopardizeconservationoftheenvironmentshallbepunishablebylaw.’
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
ENVIRONMENTALRIGHTS…
12
Whatifnoenvironmentalright?
Otherpossiblerelevantrights?
‘righttolife’?Coulditincludetherighttoliveinacleanandhealthyenvironment?
IndiaPakistan Tanzania
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
ENVIRONMENTALRIGHTS…
13
Canoneprotectrightsoffuturegenerations?
OposavsFactoran(SecretaryofDENR)1993
Philippines
applicantrepresentingthemselves futuregenerations
orderwantedcancelalltimberlicenses nonewtimberlicenses
mainargumentsgovttrusteeofresources breachoftrusteeship
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
ENVIRONMENTALRIGHTS…
14
• Plaintiffscanrepresentthemselvesandfuturegenerations.• Therighttoa‘balancedandhealthyecologyisbasedonthe
conceptofinter-generationalresponsibility’.• Sucharightconsidersthe‘rhythmandharmonyofnature’.• Suchrhythmandharmonymustincludethe‘judicious
disposition,utilization,management,renewalandconservationofthecountry’snaturalresources’.
OposavsFactoranCase…
Philippines
courtfindings
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
CONTENT
15
SubstantiveRights
3 MAINISSUES
ProceduralRightsAarhusConvention
HumanRights EnvironmentalRights
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
PROCEDURALRIGHTS
16
• Accesstoinformation• Decision-making
– RighttoParticipate(includingpublicparticipation)– Procedurallyfairdecision-making(followdueprocess)– Lawfuldecision-making(intermsofthelaw)– Reasonable decision-making(takingintoaccounttherelevantinformation/facts)
– Righttoreasons(forthedecision-reached)
• AccesstoJustice
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
AARHUSCONVENTION
17
2016
accesstoenvironmentalinformation
2001
righttoparticipateinenvirodecision-making
accesstojustice
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
CONTENT
18
SubstantiveRights
3 MAINISSUES
ProceduralRights
RightsforNature
AarhusConvention
HumanRights EnvironmentalRights
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
RIGHTSOFNATURE
19
duty(state) duty(citizen)
right(citizen) mixture
differentapproacheshumans
Wild
Law Earth
Jurisprudence
nature
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
RIGHTSOFNATURE…
20
EcuadorianConstitution2008
• NatureorPachamama,wherelifeisreproducedandexists,hastherighttoexist,persist,maintainandregenerateitsvitalcycles,structure,functionsanditsprocessesinevolution.
• Everyperson,people,communityornationality,willbeabletodemandtherecognitionofrightsfornaturebeforethepublicorganisms.TheapplicationandinterpretationoftheserightswillfollowtherelatedprinciplesestablishedintheConstitution.
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
RIGHTSOFNATURE…
21
2010
2011 Jan2014
2010 201O
Mar2011
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
RIGHTSOFNATURE…
22
March2017 Oct2017
Dec2014
March2017
Dec2014
Jan2014 Dec2015
© Developing Environmental Law Champions, Train-the-Trainers (TTT) Program 2017.
CONTENT
23
SubstantiveRights
3 MAINISSUES
ProceduralRights
RightsforNature
AarhusConvention
HumanRights EnvironmentalRights
