Iraqi Journal of Physics, 2017 Vol.15, No.32, PP. 99-113

99

Structural and optical properties for PVA- PEG-MnCl2 composites

Abeer Mohammed1, Mahdi Hasan Suhail2, Mohammed Ghazi1

1Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Anbar, Iraq 2Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq

E-mail: mhsuhail@yahoo.com.

Abstract Key words Polymer films of PEG and PVA and their blend with different concentrations of MnCl2 (0, 2, 4, 6 and 10 %.wt) were study using casting technique. The X-ray spectra of pure PEG, PVA and PVA:PEG films and with addition of 2% concentrations from (MnCl2) show amorphous structures. The results for FTIR show the interaction between the filler and polymer blend results in decreasing crystallinity with rich amorphous phase. This amorphous nature confirms the complexation between the filler and the polymer blend. The optical properties of (PVA:PEG/MnCl2) contain the recording of absorbance (A) and explain that the absorption coefficient (α), refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (ko) and the dielectric constants (real and imaginary part) increase with increasing the concentration of Composite (PVA:PEG/MnCl2). The optical energy gap for electrons transitions both are direct and indirect allowed.

PVA, PEG polymer, refractive index, dielectric constant, energy gap, composite polymer.

Article info. Received: Oct. 2016Accepted: Nov. 2016Published: Mar. 2017

اثلين كلايكول المطعم الخواص التركيبيه والبصريه للمتراكب بولي فينال الكحول وبولي

بكلوريد المنغنيز

1محمد غازي ،2مھدي حسن سھيل، 1عبير محمد العراق، الانبار ةجامع ،العلوم ةكلي، قسم الفيزياء1

العراق، بغداد ةجامع ،العلوم ةكلي، قسم الفيزياء2

ةالخلاصبتراكيز مختلفة من كلوريد المنغنيز بولي اثلين كلايكول البوليمرية و المطعمة -اغشيه بولي فينال الكحول

كانت نتائج فحوصات الائشعه السينية للاغشيه النقية واضافة . قد حضرت بطرية السحب) % 10,8,6,4,2(نتائج فحوصات الاشعة تحت الحمراء بينت التفاعل بين المادة البوليمريه . من كلوريد المنغنيز عشوائية% 2الخواص ،المدعمةوالمادة البولمريةالعشوائيه بسبب التداخل بين المادة هھذو .وكذلك زيادة التبلور المطعمةو

الامتصاصية وتوضيح معامل الامتصاص ومعمل الانكسار ومعامل الخمود وثابت دراسةالبصرية تضمنت نت من نوع فجوة الطاقة للالكترونات الانتقالية كا. المطعمةالعزل الحقيقي والخيالي تزداد بزياده تراكيز الماده

.المباشرة والغير مباشرة المسموحة

Introduction Polymer blends play an important role because of their relatively simple preparation methods and diverse resulting properties [1]. Interest in studying polymer blends has considerably increased due to their

significant industrial applications [2]. Blends with improved characteristics are produced by blending two or more polymers in order to combine their properties for certain purposes. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is the most widely produced water soluble

Iraqi Journal of Physics, 2017 Abeer Mohammed, et al.

100

synthetic polymer over a wide range of temperatures depending on its degree of hydrolysis, molecular weight and tendency to hydrogen bond in aqueous solutions [3]. Moreover, PVA is also nontoxic, potential material having high dielectric strength, good charge storage capacity and dopant dependent electrical and optical properties [4]. PVA has been found to have a wide range of applications in the industrial sector and it has been attractive in different areas of science and technology [5, 6]. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) Chemical formula is [H (OCH2CH2)nOH]. Solubility all grades of polyethylene glycol are soluble in water. Polyethylene glycols are used in great variety of applications because of their chemical structure, their low toxicity, their solubility in water and their lubricating properties. They provide flexibility in choosing properties to meet the requirements of many different applications. In the rubber industry, they serve as heat transfer agents, mold release agents, rubber compounders, lubricants, and pigment carriers [7-10]. Filler additives were added to polymer or polymer blend to improve and modify its properties. Transition metals have influence on the structural, optical, morphological and thermal properties of polymer blend. Manganese is well known as a magneto active multivalent element. Thus, its halides can be used as fillers to modify the electric conduction and the optical absorption of PVV:PEG. On the other hand, MnCl2 is considered as a good candidate for one- or two-dimensional phenomena [11]. Most of the early works on metal/polymer composites are patented and little systematic investigation has been carried out in this field, especially on the particulate composite systems.

In the present work, PEG:PVA blend doped with different concentrations of MnCl2 have been prepared by casting method. The structural and optical characteristics of the prepared composites were studied with on their physical properties.

Experimental part The materials used in the present work were Poly-vinyl al alcohol (PVA) and Poly-ethylene glycol (PEG) with addition of different concentrations from (MnCl2). Equal weights of PVA and PEG with ratio 50: 50 wt% for one gm of PVA and one gm of PEG was first dissolved in the common solvent (30 mL of distilled water) and then both the polymers were homogeneously mixed using a magnetic stirrer at the constant temperature at 50˚C for 12 hours. Complete homogeneous solution was casted on Teflon petri dishes and left for the evaporation of the solvent. The resulting PVA:PEG films were dried up to 4 days at room temperature in the desiccators to remove the traces of solvent, and then lifted out of the petri dish for further analysis. On the other hand, MnCl2 was dissolved in double distilled water in the same condition. The resulting solution of MnCl2 particles were added to the polymer blend PVA:PEG solution with mass fraction (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10) wt%. with temperature of 100 oC . The resulting solution was then cast to glass slides and leave over it for about 72 h. After drying, the films were peeled from Petridish (it has diameter 5cm) and then left to dry. The thickness of films were in ranging from 150 to 200 nm were obtained and kept in vacuum desiccators until use. NICOLET FTIR 6700 spectrometer was used to record the FTIR spectra in the range 400 - 4000 cm−1 to study the functional groups of the samples. The absorbance Spectrum was recorded of

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the wavelength range (200 - 1100) nm by using the double-beam spectrophotometer (UV- 1800 shimedza). The absorption coefficient (α) was calculated in the fundamental absorption region from the following equation [12]: α =2.303A/d (1) where (A) is absorbance and (d) is the thickness of sample. The refractive index is explained in terms of real and imaginary parts. The real part of the refractive index (n) or simply the refractive index which describes the oscillations of the incident radiation in the crystal, while the imaginary part (k) known as the extinction coefficient which describes the attenuation of the incident radiation as it propagates in the crystal. The values of (n) and (k) can be determined from the absorption coefficient α and reflection (R) spectra.

The refractive index (n) is the written in terms of reflectance of the surface as [13]:

n = ((4R/(R – 1)2 –k

2))1/2 – (R+1)/(R – 1)

(2)

while the extinction coefficient k is related to the absorption coefficient α by: K=α λ /4π (3)

The forbidden energy gap of indirect transition both allowed, forbidden calculated according to the relationship [14 :] αhν= ( hν - Eg )

m (4) hν: is the energy of photon, :is proportionality constant, Eg: is optical energy gap of the transition. The optical dielectric constant ε can be expressed as a complex equation in the form ε=εr - iεi, where εr is the real part generally relates to dispersion, while εi is the imaginary part provides a measure of the dissipative rate of the wave in the medium. The real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric constant are related to the refractive index and the extinction coefficient as [15]:

εr= n2 – k2 (5)

εi =2nk (6)

Results and discussion Structure properties Fig. 1 presents the X-ray spectra of pure PEG and PVA and their blend with different concentrations of MnCl2 in the range 2θ =10-65o. Pure PEG, PVA and PVA:PEG films and with addition of 2% concentrations from (MnCl2) show amorphous structures.

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gy gap of PVArgy gap of of MnCl2.

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material mopplications nd photonic

References1] G. O.imon, "P

Alloys", 1st

New York, 12] O. Pecka

Croucher, M3] C. M. H

N.A. Peolymers”, P998. 4] P. B. Bhaharma, V.Vhys., 9 (2005] J. Pacanhys. Chem.6] M. Watan

N. Ogato, J. 27.

800m)

Abeer M

and PVA:PE

parts of d the opticed from thoefficient (α

n was allowre clearly f concentra

mposite. Thore promineof various

c devices.

Shonaike Polymert Ed., Ma999. an, M. A. W

Macromol, 2Hassan, P. Teppas, “Plenum Pre

argav, V. MV.R.N. Rao09) 165. nsky and S, 94 (1990) nabe, S. NaPower Sou

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arcel Dek

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