Structural Elements of a Paper Presentation

8/10/2019 Structural Elements of a Paper Presentation

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Structural Elements of aPaper

Tips, Examples, and Practices


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Introduction

- First impression

- Hook

- Background information

- Thesis statement

- Concise but specific


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Example

From the claim of the famous philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche, God is dead to the ma

atheism worldwide, an intellectual revolution has unfolded and has continued to sp

denounce a higher power. Mainly the contention against God is based on an oppo

philosophy of fundamentalist Christian sects, where God decides fate and has cre

in seven days, or Islamic sects that claim that no prophet besides Muhammad is re

narrow argumentation, atheists have discarded a higher power altogether. But eve

God is dead is referring to a universal phenomenon and not just an ecclesiastica

understand the logic of it. Denying the existence of an entity beyond our capacity ievery mystical experience that human beings have undergone in the entire history

existence. I ascertain that a spiritual force exists in the universe based on this hist

evidence.


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Practice

Questions for the class about the example:

- What first impression do you get?

- Where is the hook?

- What did you think about the background information?

- What is the thesis statement?

- What words helped the most for the example to be specific?


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Main Body

- Each paragraph should have one idea

- Each paragraph should be important

- Each paragraph should connect with the preceding and following paragraph

- Topic sentence, assertion, example, explanation, significance


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Example

Thesis Statement: Denying the existence of an entity beyond our capacity is cancelling

mystical experience that human beings have undergone in the entire history of our

ascertain that a spiritual force exists in the universe based on this historical, manif

Abstract mysticism usually refers to transcendent experiences within human conscious

order of Islam alone has millions of accounts of rising above worldly senses and c

(Hanold 23). Beyond religion itself, there are thousands of testimonials of physical

mental transcendence without drugs and psychosis being entered into the equatio

In fact, it is rare that a human being does not feel the presence of a higher power a

their life, if not for a secondlooking up at the sky in awe, feeling a sudden unexptheir consciousness radicall shiftin in the matter of a second Jennin s 126 .


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Practice


- What is the main idea?

- What information was important?

- Did the paragraph connect to the thesis statement?

- Was the topic sentence clear?

- Was there enough substantial information/examples to make it worthwhile to read


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Conclusion

- Remind the readers of what the essay was about

- Give an afterthought

- So what?


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Example

Did all the religious, spiritual, and seeking people in the world get to

form an alliance to spread untruth in order to gain sway over gloand economics? Doubtful. Does every human being have an inn

tendency to believe in a supernatural power in order to feel com

the reality that they behold without the backing of logic or perso

experience and is this tendency based on strict scientific explan

such evidence has been applied and no tendency as stated has

examined within the strictures of science as conclusive (Samus

absurdity of the atheist agenda is not so much that it has focuse

on Christian creationism and Islamic extremism, but that it has i

millions of personal accounts the world over of everyday and ev

mysticism by proposing a guise of mass delusion inherent in hu

Besides the point: if the confusion is real, is reality better?


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Practice

Exercise:

Write a bad conclusion for this essay, then explain to me why it is bad. Split up in twwrite the conclusion together in groups. You have 15 minutes. If you have any qu

process, please ask.


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Outline

- Key phrases so your mind remembers

- Put thesis statement at the top

- Play with the order of paragraphs to see which is most effective


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Example

Title: Frederick Douglass

Thesis: Frederick Douglass played a crucial role in securing the abolition of slavery and equality of Afrights through his actions, ideas, and efforts as a lecturer, author/publisher, and politician.

I. Introduction

A. Thesis

B. Roles/Arguments

II. Douglass as Lecturer

A. History as slave and acquisition of education

1) He experienced slavery

2) Literacy allowed expression

B. Early lectures, including initial speech before Garrison

1) Success of initial speech

2) Goals for future speeches

C. Effect of lectures on society

1) Open eyes

2) Encourage activism


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Continued...

III. Douglass as Author/Publisher

A. Narratives success and effect1) Springboard for paper

B. Goals/hopes for paper

C. Garrison set-back and significance

D. Significance of Paper

IV. Douglass as Politician

A. Key trait for success

B. Goal of political activism

C. Efforts for Republican party

1) Significance of efforts

D. Black soldier enlistment crusade

E. Joining of Republican party

1) Significance of efforts

V. Conclusion

A. Summarize arguments and efforts


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Practice

Question for the class about the example:

- Were there keywords that could remind the author of what they

write about?

Exercise:

- Do you think there is a better way to order the paragraphs? Get

groups and write down a better way to organize the essay stru

sheet of paper. You have 10 minutes. After you are done, plea


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Abstract

- Get readers interested in your work

- Dont use business language or buzzwords

- General to specific


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Example

This dissertation examines the role of newspaper editors in the poli

and strife that characterized late First Empire Rio de Janeiro (18Newspaper editors and their journals helped change the politica

late First Empire Rio de Janeiro by involving the people in the d

state. This change in political culture is apparent in Emperor Pe

gradual loss of control over the mechanisms of power. As the ne

became more numerous and powerful, the Emperor lost his legi

the eyes of the people. To explore the role of the newspapers in

events of the late First Empire, this dissertation analyzes all ava

newspapers published in Rio de Janeiro from 1827 to 1831. New

and their editors were leading forces in the effort to remove pow

hands of the ruling elite and place it under the control of the peo

process, newspapers helped change how politics operated in th

constitutional monarchy of Brazil.


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Practice


- Did it get you interested in the subject?

- Did it use business language or buzzwords?

- Did it go from general to specific?


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Summary

- Give readers a look into what the paper is about

- Cover each major point

- Dont include any of your own ideas


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Example

In the short story "The Secret Life of Walter Mitty," author James Thurber humorously

character who fantasizes about himself as a hero enduring incredibly challenging c

In his real life, Walter Mitty lives an ordinary, plain life; he is a husband under the c

overbearing, critical wife. Thurber uses lively dialogue to give readers an understa

character. The story takes place over a period of about twenty minutes; during this

drives his wife to the hairdresser and runs errands that his wife has given him whil

her. In between his worrying that he is not doing what she wants him to do, he day

himself as a great surgeon, brilliant repair technician, expert marksman, and brave

captain. This story shows that fantasy is often a good alternative to reality.
http://homepage.smc.edu/reading_lab/secret_life_walter_mitty.htmhttp://homepage.smc.edu/reading_lab/secret_life_walter_mitty.htm


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Practice


- Did it give you a glimpse of what the paper is about?

- Did it go over the main points of the short story?

- Did it include any personal ideas from the person who wrote the s


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Differences

Summary - Quick knowledge

Abstract - Entice

Outline - Plan

Conclusion - Remind and answer: so what?


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Which One is Which?

This research looks at the work of Margaret C. Anderson, the edito

Review. The review published the first works by Sherwood AndJames Joyce, Wyndham Lewis, and Ezra Pound. This research

upon mostly primary sources including memoirs, published lette

complete collection of the Little Review. Most prior research on

focuses on her connection to the famous writers and personaliti

published and associated with. This focus undermines her role

dominant creative force behind one of the most influential little mpublished in the 20th Century. This case example shows how lit

magazine publishing is arguably a literary art.


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Continued...

Researchers Yoder, Hogue, Newman, Metz, and LaVigne (2002) conducted a study to

gender salience affects door-holding behavior in the contexts of dating and everydhypothesized that, if door holding is a gender-neutral behavior, men and women w

same rates of door holding in both contexts. If it is a helping behavior influenced b

chivalry, men would have higher rates in both contexts. Lastly, if it is a benevolent

men would have higher rates of door holding during dates than in everyday life. To

the study, five undergraduate students observed 769 college-age female-male pai

places. Seven were everyday locations, pairs were only included in the study if a m

non-courting pair was observed holding a door for the other member. In the dating

were only included if a member of a courting pair exhibited door-holding behavior.the study revealed that, in the context of everyday life, women held the door for me

men did for women. However, in the dating context, men held the door for women

women did for men. The data supported the benevolent sexism hypothesis but not

neutral and helping behavior hypotheses. The outcome of this study implied that m

holding behavior was more likely to occur in the context of dating because gender

conspicuous. It supported the social role theory that the context variable is an impo

influencing behavior.


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Continued...

The practice of rhetoric involves a careful attention to the character

preferences of the audience for whom the writer intends the meAlthough Syfers' and Limpus' essays might be somewhat out of

contemporary audience, in the 1970s they were not. However, a

throughout this essay, it is Syfers' memorable sarcasm and wit t

ultimately win over her audience. Being humorous while also dri

worthwhile point is a difficult feat to accomplish in writing. Becau

accomplishes it so well, she seems to have stepped over the botime and reached a much larger audience than she may have o

intended.

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Structural Elements of a Paper Presentation

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