Structural & Non Structural Safety Issues in School

Pravin Parghi

Your understanding about Structural & Non structural Safety.

Your experience of participating in any such assessment, if any.

Key Terminology

Mitigation

The lessening or limitation of the adverse impacts of hazards and related disasters

Source:- http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology

Key Terminology

Structural Mitigation:

• Any physical construction to reduce or avoid possible impacts of hazards, or application of engineering techniques to achieve hazard-resistance and resilience in structures or systems

• The “structural elements” of a building carry the weight of the building itself, the people and the things inside, and the forces of nature. These “load-bearing” elements include the frame (columns, beams) and in masonry or construction also the “shear-wall”.

Source:- http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology ToT Manual-NSSP-GSDMA

Components of Structural Mitigation

• Resistant construction• Building codes and regulatory measures• Relocation• Structural modification• Physical modification• Lintel Beam• Column • Masonry Wall • Plinth Beam/Bend • Foundation • Corrosion

Structural

Non Structural

Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

Structural Mitigation Measures • Geographical Area of Building Construction

– Coastal Area– Desert area– River bank area – Flood prone area – Rural & Urban – Near by Industrial area or Hazardous industries

• Earth Quake Zoning of Building Construction • Types of Structure ( Frame, Load bearing OR Wooden) • Soil Pattern (Rocky OR Sandy)• Roofing pattern, (RCC, mud tiles, Cement or steel sheet) • Age of the Building • Retrofitting of the building • If Building is multistory (Fire safety Installed or Not)• Building Insurance

COMPULSORY EARTHQUAKE INSURANCE

http://www.guvenliyasam.org/books/Structural-risk-mitigation-against-earthquake.pdf

Key TerminologyNon Structural Mitigation: • Any measure not involving physical construction that uses knowledge,

practice or agreement to reduce risks and impacts, in particular through policies and laws, public awareness raising, training and education.

• The “non-structural elements” of a building do not carry the weight of the building, and include windows, doors, stairs, partition walls, pipes and ducts. They include “building contents” that users bring with them such as furniture, appliances, coolers, water tanks, etc. In other words non-structural elements are those which are either attached to building or kept in building.

Source:- http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology ToT Manual-NSSP-GSDMA

Components of Non Structural Mitigation

Within the school building:• Furniture and Fixture • School Equipment (Electrical, Electronics, Gaming) • Utensils • Electricals wirings (Open, Putti & Pipe fitting) • Show case & Frames & Notice Boards • Study Materials (Books/Charts, Demonstration/Toys) • Storage cabinet (In the Wall, Out side of the wall) Laboratory Material (Spirit, Microscope, Beaker/Test

Tube etc.) Display Cupboard/ Almari Ensure mass evacuation dimensions of halls or

stairways Smoke in the hallway

Components of Non Structural Mitigation

Within the school building: Doors and windows opening inward Glass panes Tall bookcases or cabinets not properly secured to the

wall Areas where flammable liquids are stored – science

labs Fire extinguishers Other movable, falling and blocking hazards

Components of Non Structural Mitigation

Hazard outside the school building:• Power lines • Trees • Parapets, roof tiles, chimneys, glass etc.• Routes past concrete walls • Rivers, sea cost, main roads, market place, inflammable goods

storehouse, a bus stand, railway tracks etc • Open well • Fencing • Ramp, grab bars, etc.

RISK IDENTIFICATION OF NSM

• Earthquakes are a risk that we accept by living in an earthquake region. We face many other risks in our lives as well and we take precautions to reduce our losses from them. NSM is reasonable precaution against earthquake risks from the non-structural elements of buildings. To decide what NSM is necessary, you need to identify what risks exist in your home, school, workplace and the public places that you frequent stay in. This risk varies from situation to situation. It is important to evaluate each situation individually.

• SERIOUS INJURY OR DEATH• DAMAGE TO BELONGINGS• Furniture & Equipment's• Hazards In School

Electrical wiring & Fitting

Evacuation Route block

• Display Cupboard/ Almari

• Unanchored furniture

• Heavy storage items on shelves

• Unanchored sound equipment

Impact of the School NSRM• Create awareness of Non Structural Mitigation • Reduced Loss of Life • Protect school equipment's and educational materials• Reducing the potential for injuries and fatalities• Reduced fear and increase attendance ratio of the students. • Increase the community’s ability to keep the school open in case of disaster. • Helping to maintain safe and clear exit ways for evacuation and to access the

building • Reducing the potential for chemical spills, fires and gas leaks • Save manpower & utilized for education development & Improvement • Built the response capacity of the school.• Children learn from school and Implement at home • Parents aware about NSRM by children . • Create safe environment at school & Home • Safe School Safe Children

Mitigation Measures-NSRM

• Relocate furnishing and contents• Secure non-structural building elements and furnishing• Actions for offsite non-structural hazard• Ask for consultation engineers and maintenance personnel

together for solution• Behavioral changes among users: it is very vital and indispensable

that users develop the culture of safety. Like use of dustbin to avoid water blocking/logging or discipline when moving in a mass.

Mitigation Measures• Identify which mitigation activities will reduce the risks of

damage and injury the most.• Determine which activities can be accomplished at little or no

cost (i.e., securing bookcases to walls, closed hooks for pictures and mirrors)

• Look up • Look Around • Look Down

Video

How to do Nonstructural Mitigation

Video

Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

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Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

Source: Non- Structural Risk Reduction Handbook for School, Delhi Earthquake Safety Initiative

Sr. No. Potential Hazard

Check if item is present

Does item need to be moved Anchored? Total

ItemsArchitectural/Outside Move Anchor

1 Stone Wall Cladding - - -2 Spilling of Cracked Cement

Plaster - - -3 Broken Sun Shade - - -

3.13.2

Furniture & Equipment4 Bookshelves5 Storage Cabinet 6 Display cupboards/ Almari7 Filling Cabinets 8 Laboratory Equipment 9 Computer Equipment

10 Black/Green Boards

Non- structural risk assessment Check List

Practical Exercise &

Group Presentation

Thank You