Structural(Design(for(High(Winds:(Engineering(Course(for(Non9Residen;al(and(Mul;9Family(Wood(Buildings((

October,)2015)

“The)Wood)Products)Council”)is)a)Registered)Provider)with)The)American)InsCtute)of)Architects)ConCnuing)EducaCon)Systems)(AIA/CES),)Provider)#G516.))!Credit(s))earned)on)compleCon)of)this)course)will)be)reported)to)AIA)CES)for)AIA)members.)CerCficates)of)CompleCon)for)both)AIA)members)and)nonQAIA)members)are)available)upon)request.)))

This)course)is)registered)with)AIA)CES)for)conCnuing)professional)educaCon.)As)such,)it)does)not)include)content)that)may)be)deemed)or)construed)to)be)an)approval)or)endorsement)by)the)AIA)of)any)material)of)construcCon)or)any)method)or)manner)of)handling,)using,)distribuCng,)or)dealing)in)any)material)or)product.)________________________________ QuesCons)related)to)specific)materials,)methods,)and)services)will)be)addressed)at)the)conclusion)of)this)presentaCon.)))

Course(Descrip;on(

This)course)is)intended)for)structural)engineers)and)building)designers)seeking)a)full)system)understanding)of)design)steps,)consideraCons)and)detailing)best)pracCces)related)to)the)windQresisCve)design)and)analysis)of)nonQresidenCal)and)mulCQfamily)wood)buildings.)Developed)in)response)to)the)fact)that)engineering)curricula)does)not)typically)include)a)wood)design)course,)it)provides)an)overview)of)relevant)2014)Florida)Building)Code)(FBC))provisions)and)American)Wood)Council)(AWC))referenced)standards,)a)discussion)of)common)design)errors,)and)guidance)related)to)load)path)conCnuity,)shear)walls,)diaphragms,)and)upliY)restraint.)Topics)covered)in)detail)include:)))•  Lateral)load)path)conCnuity)and)detailing)•  2014)FBC)and)AWC)referenced)standards)applicable)to)woodQframe)windQresisCng)systems)•  Design)and)sCffness)assumpCons)for)rigid,)semiQrigid)and)flexible)diaphragms)•  Diaphragm)deflecCon)and)design)of)components)such)as)chords)and)collectors)•  Shear)wall)design)methods,)including)segmented,)perforated)and)force)transfer)around)openings)•  Design)of)shear)wall)components,)including)holdowns)and)drag)struts)•  PrescripCve)woodQbased)lateral)framing)opCons)•  UpliYQresistant)design)soluCons,)including)combined)shear)and)upliY)•  OutQofQplane)wall)design)for)wind)loads,)including)tall)walls,)gable)end)walls,)and)tall)walls)with)large)

openings,)as)well)as)deflecCon)criteria)for)a)variety)of)wall)finishes)•  MulCQstory)woodQframe)design)example)for)high)winds,)including)accommodaCon)of)accumulated)

forces)and)deflecCons)as)well)as)design)and)detailing)for)wood’s)interface)with)concrete)podiums)and)foundaCons)

))Abendees)can)expect)a)topQtoQbobom)discussion)of)all)aspects)of)woodQframe)windQresisCng)systems.))

Learning(Objec;ves(

1.  Review)applicable)building)codes)and)reference)standards)for)the)design)of)nonQresidenCal)and)mulCQfamily)woodQframe)windQresisCng)systems.))

2.  Discuss)design)and)detailing)of)woodQframe)diaphragms,)including)flexibility,)deflecCon,)boundary)fasteners,)and)chords)and)collectors.))

3.  Explore)design)steps)for)woodQframe)shear)walls,)including)panel)edge)nailing,)end)posts)and)holdowns,)drag)struts,)and)transfer)mechanisms)to)lower)floors)and)foundaCons.))

4.  Examine)other)windQrelated)design)consideraCons,)such)as)upliY)and)outQofQplane)wall)forces,)and)discuss)the)design)and)detailing)effects)of)stacking)mulCple)stories)of)woodQframe)lateral)forceQresisCng)systems.))

Day’s(Overview(

•  Load)Path)Overview)•  IntroducCon)to)Codes)&)Standards)•  Diaphragm)Design)and)Detailing))•  Shear)Wall)Design)and)Detailing))•  PrescripCve)Design)OpCons)for)

Wood)Systems)•  UpliY)including)Combined)Shear))•  Wall)Design))•  MulCQStory)ConsideraCons)))))

Today’s(Mantra(

Why(Wood?(

Using)Wood)Helps)Reduce)Your)Environmental)Impact)

Wood)Products)Play)a)Significant)Role)in)Modern)Economy)

))

Wood)Costs)Less)

Wood)is)VersaCle)

Wood)Meets)Code)

Wood)is)Durable)

Wood)is)Renewable)

“Experience)has)shown)that)codeQcompliant)wood)buildings)perform)exceedingly)well)during)high)wind)events)such)as)hurricanes.)Wood)is)strong)and)most)woodQframe)buildings)offer)the)advantage)of)repeCCve)members)and)mulCple)connecCons,)which)together)create)redundant)load)paths)to)effecCvely)transfer)wind)forces)from)the)building)envelope)to)the)foundaCon)and)soil)below”.))

))

Using(Wood(to(Resist(Wind:(Benefits(

Quote)Source:)WindQResisCve)Design)of)Wood)Buildings,)AWC)

Photo:)New)Genesis)Apartments,)Killefer)Flammang)Architects,)KC)Kim,)GB)ConstrucCon))

)

)

)

)

Today’s(Mantra(

FOLLOW)THE)LOAD)

Today’s(Takeaways(

5)Steps)to)Successful)Wood)Building)Design)for)Wind)Forces:)

1.  Follow)the)Load)2.  Horizontal)Loads)are)No)More)Complicated)Than)VerCcal)

Loads)

3.  Visual)Cue:)Floor)Beam)in)Plan)=)Diaphragm)in)ElevaCon)

4.  Visual)Cue:)Floor)Beam)with)Bearing)Wall)Above)=)Stacked)Shear)Walls)

5.  Follow)the)Load)

Structural(Loads(

For)structural)building)design,)two)main)loading)direcCons)exist:)gravity)(verCcal))and)lateral)(horizontal))•  Load)Path)ConCnuity)is)required)for)both)loading)

direcCons)

Lateral)Loads)

Wind)UpliY)Loads)

Gravity)Loads)

Load(Path(Con;nuity(

Load(Path(Con;nuity(

Load(Path(Con;nuity(

Image)Source:)FEMA)

)

)

)

)

Wind(Loads(

Wind)loads)acCng)on)buildings)are)modeled)as)uniform)surface)loads.)Wind)loads)can)create)both)posiCve)and)negaCve)loads)(inwards)and)outwards)loads))on)building)surfaces)and)create)three)different)loading)condiCons:))•  UpliY)•  Racking/overturning)•  Sliding/shear))

Wall)framing)distributes)surface)loads)to)diaphragms)(floors)&)roof))

)

Wind(Load(Paths(

Eleva;on(View(

Lateral)loads)on)a)building)are)modeled)as)uniform)surface)loads)

)

Wind(Load(Paths(

WIND(SURFACE(LOADS(ON(WALLS(

Wind(Load(Paths(

WIND(INTO(DIAPHRAGMS(AS(UNIFORM(LINEAR(LOADS(

Wind(Load(Paths(

DIAPHRAGMS(SPAN(BETWEEN(

SHEARWALLS(

WIND(INTO((SHEARWALLS(AS(CONCENTRATED(LOADS(

Diaphragm(9(Plan(View(

Uniform)diaphragm)loads)are)distributed)to)shear)walls))

)

Shear(Wall(–(Eleva;on(View(

Shear)wall)resists)applied)load)through)shear)panel)&)boundary)chords))

)

Wind(Load(Paths(

Mul;9Story(Wind(Load(Design(

Visual(Cue(

Visual)Cue:)Floor)Beam)in)Plan)=)Diaphragm)in)ElevaCon)

Floor)Beam)

Floor)Beam)

Floor)Beam)

Floor)Joists)

Floor)Framing)Plan)

Floor)Joists)

Visual(Cue(

Visual)Cue:)Floor)Beam)in)Plan)=)Diaphragm)in)ElevaCon)

Diaphragm)

Diaphragm)

Diaphragm)

Wall)Studs)

Wall)Framing)ElevaCon)

Wall)Studs)

Floor(9(Bending(Member(

•  Simply)Supported)Member:)loading)causes)compression)in)one)edge)of)member,)tension)in)other)edge)

Compression)edge)

Tension)edge)

Loading)direcCon)

ReacCon)ReacCon)

Diaphragm(–(Bending(Member(

Tension)edge)

Compression)edge)

Diaphragm(

• (Diaphragm(acts(like(a(deep(beam.(• (Sheathing(carries(((((((((((((((((((((((((((shear(forces(• (Chords(have((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((T(&(C(forces(• (Rim(board(((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((transfers((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((shear(

DIAPHRAGM(

Floor(9(Can;lever(Member(

Tension)edge)

Compression)edge)

Shearwall(9(Can;lever(Member(

Tension)edge)

Compression)edge)

Brief(Wind(Load(Discussion(

•  A)Few)Notes)About)Wind)Loads))))

Building(Enclosure(

Accounts)for)degree)to)which)wind)forces)can)enter)and)exit)a)structure,)creaCng)varying)amounts)of)internal)wind)pressure)

3(building(enclosure(classifica;ons:((

Open,(Par;ally(Enclosed,(and(Enclosed(

)

Internal(Pressure(Coefficient(–(Table(26.1191(

+/9(0.18((9(Enclosed(+/9(0.55(–(Par;ally(Enclosed(

Wind(Borne(Debris(Regions(

Failed)openings)can)change)a)structure)from)enclosed)to)parCally)enclosed,)significantly)increasing)wind)forces)

)

Ques;ons?(

Visit(www.woodworks.org(for(more(educa;onal(materials,(case(studies,(design(examples,(a(project(gallery,(and(more)