Slide 1

Burj Khalifa

11Idea of the Inner Core

Each tower was supported by a structural core extending from its foundation in the bedrock to the roof. This inner core housed all of the elevators and stairwells as well as having a flooring system structurally independent of the outer walls. This entire core structure was 100% steel framed and was made to reduce weight and increase strength.The perimeter walls and the inner core were supported by cross-braces running horizontally all of the way up the buildings.

Because of the WTCs immense height, the steel framed core increased the structures strength, something which would prove to be important.3Colosseum

7

5Marina Bay Sands

15The Colosseum was the largest ever built.

The Colosseum was used to host gladiatorial shows as well as a variety of other entertainment.

8The Colosseum is oval shaped with 2 axis, long one is 188 m and the short one 156. The whole building has four floors. There were eighty arches on every floor, divided by pillars with a half column..

The floor was made out of wooden planks then completely covered in sand.

9

The Velarium was made out of sailcloth, attached to spokes of rope.

The arches are 4.20 m wide and 7.05 m high, while on the upper floors they are only 6.45 m high. the overall height of the building is 48,5 m.

10The Burj Khalifa is a skyscraper in Dubai and is the tallest man made building in the world standing at an impressive 828m.

12The design team led by Will Baker and Adrian Smith created the superstructure with the core in a y shaped formation creating a much more stable building.

13The Spire The crowning point on the Burj Khalifa is its spire, reaching over 200m it secures the title of worlds tallest building as well finishing the creation off perfectly.

Nick Flaherty 800m above ground14Marina Bay Sands

The Marina Bay Sands is a integrated resort, on marina bay in Singapore. It is the worlds most expensive resort. 16Marina Bay Sands - Design

CasinoConvention centreand Shopping centreHotel and sands skyparkArt and science museum17Marina Bays Sands - Skypark

The sands skypark is a park at the very top of the resort. It spans the roof tops of the hotel towers and acts as a viewing deck.

18The Taipei 101 skyscraper is found in Taiwan.

It has an impressive height of 508.2m (1670.6ft).

It was constructed from 1999 2004

It has 101 stories above the ground and 5 underground

The Taipei 101 includes: office, communication, conference room, library, observation, restaurant, retail and a fitness centre.

20Structure The Taipei 101 is designed to hold up against typhoon winds and earthquake tremors that are common in this area of Asia.

Taipei 101 is flexible in strong winds enough to prevent large sideways movement. Flexibility prevents structural damage while resistance ensures comfort for the occupants and protection of glass.

21A Tuned Mass Damper is a device placed in buildings to prevent: discomfort, damage and outright structural failure.

The dampers are huge concrete blocks or steel bodies placed in skyscrapers, it moves in opposition to the resonance frequency oscillations of the structure by movement of springs.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NYSgd1XSZXc

22The Taipei 101 has the worlds largest passive tuned mass wind and earthquake damper, it weighs 660 metric tons with a diameter of 5.5 meters, suspended from Level 92 to Level 88.

It helps the building to ensure stability of the tower and comfort for the occupiers.

23DesignThe design achieves both strength and flexibility for the tower through the use of high-performance steel construction. Thirty-six columns supporting, including eight "mega-columns" packed with 10,000-psi concrete. Every eight floors, outrigger trusses connect the columns in the building's core to those on the exterior.

The Tower is built on 380 concrete piles, sunk 80 meters into the ground.

24Massive Steel Outrigger Trusses spanbetween the columns on every eight floors.

The structure is reinforced by a Moment Frame System linking the columns on all floors.

36 columns provide vertical support, including eight mega columns around the perimeter.

The worlds largest passive tuned mass wind damper, suspended from level 92 down to level 88, helps to ensure stability and comfort.

25All of these buildings had their own structural advantages, whether it be support to withstand the forces of nature or using revolutionary materials such as bricks for the colosseum. Architects are imagining buildings with new and innovative materials and technology. The wonders of the world that are pushing the boundaries now will soon be forgotten as new super structures are created.Conclusion26Bibliographyhttp://www.burjkhalifa.ae/language/en-us/the-tower.aspx http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/burj_khalifahttp://burj-khalifa.euhttp://sydney.edu.au/engineering/civil/wtc.shtmlhttp://911research.wtc7.net/wtc/arch/core.htmlhttp://www.skyscraper.org/TALLEST_TOWERS/t_wtc.htmhttp://911research.wtc7.net/wtc/evidence/blueprints.htmlhttp://www.themarinabaysands.com.sg/ http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/worldnews/article-1289194/Marina-Bay-Sands-resort-opens-Singapore.htmlhttp://www.marinabaysands.com/SandsSkypark/Sands_Sky_Park.aspxhttp://www.marinabaysands.com/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=c2chttp://www.taipei-101.com.tw/en/Tower/buildind_05-1.htmlhttp://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=18http://altlasobscura.com/place/tuned-mass-damper-of-taipei-101http://www.unrv.com/culture/colosseum.phphttp://www.oldandsold.com/articles10/famous-buildings-11.htmlhttp://www.mariamilani.com/colosseum/colosseum_structure.htm27