Date post: | 24-Dec-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | tiffany-welch |
View: | 224 times |
Download: | 1 times |
Structure of long bone
Bone contains neatly arranged matrix of protein (collagen) fibers
along with water and mineral salts (calcium hydroxide & calcium
phosphate).
The mineral salts accumulate in-between and around the collagen
fibers, they crystallize and the tissue hardens
Human skeletonThe adult human skeleton is made up out of 206
bones. Within the body you can distinguish
between the axial and appendicular skeleton.
The axial skeleton is mainly for protection of
organs, blood cell production and support /
attachment area for muscles. The appendicular
skeleton’s main function is movement. Other
functions are the storage of minerals and storage
of energy (fat)
The axial skeleton consists of: the skull (cranium)
ribs, sternum, vertebral column consisting of
cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (5-
fused) and coccyx (4-fused)
The appendicular skeleton: pectoral girdle
(scapulae and clavicles), humerus, radius, ulna,
carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvic girdle
(ilium, ischium and pubis), femur, patella, tibia,
fibula, tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges
Four types of bone
The bones in the human body
vary widely in size and shape.
Within the skeleton the bones
can be classified into four
types
- Long bones; cylindrical
shaft and enlarged at both
ends (femur, metatarsals)
- Short bones; small cube-
shaped (carpals, tarsals)
- Flat bones; curved broad
surfaces (sternum, ribs)
- Irregular bones; specialized
shapes
• "LONG BONE" = typical bone
• Major parts:
1. EPIPHYSIS - expanded ends of bone made of spongy or
cancellous bone. Cancellous bone has a honeycomb
structure with many spaces. Red bone marrow is stored in
cancellous bone, blood cell production occurs here.
ARTICULATES
(forms a joint) with another bone.
2. DIAPHYSIS - shaft of the bone made of compact or hard
bone important for protection and support
3. ARTICULAR CARTILAGE - hyaline
cartilage covering the ends of bones, function is to reduce
friction between bones and absorb shock 4.
PERIOSTEUM – tough shiny white membrane covering over
entire bone, except for articular cartilage. Connect with
tendons and ligaments. Forms bone tissue and is important
for growth, ntrition and repair.
• MEDULLARY CAVITY - hollow chamber within the diaphysis
connects to spaces in spongy (cancellous) bone. Filled with
soft specialized tissue called yellow bone marrow.
• NUTRIENT FORAMEN – Small opening in the diaphysis, blood
vessels pass through here, enter the medullar cavity and
provide the bone marrow and compact bone with blood and
nutrients
• " Red Marrow - mainly in spongy bone in adults. Produces
blood cells
" Yellow Marrow - fat storage in adipose cells, energy reserve
• ENDOSTEUM - lining of the medullary cavity
• Femur can take approx. 1000kgs of pressure
• Skeleton takes up 14% of the total body weight
• Born with 300 bones, you end up with 206
• Red bone marrow can produce around 5 billion red blood cells each day.
• 80 bones are found in the axial skeleton, which consists of the bones in the skull, face, and torso.
There are 28 bones in the skull (including facial bones and middle-ear bones).
• The appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones and includes the arms, hands, legs, feet, shoulder
girdle, and the pelvic girdle.
• Each of our hands consists of 27 bones
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgNLchwqJ8Q&feature=related