Tense is used to describe habitual actions that
occur with some frequency and makes no
reference to whether it is happening in the
present.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences:
-Sujeto + verbo principal.
Negative Sentences
-Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to do") + auxiliar
negativo ("not") + verbo principal.
Interrogative Sentences
-Verbo auxiliar ("to do") + sujeto + verbo
principal?
USES
The present simple is used to talk about things
that happen regularly. Unlike the Spanish, do not
use the present simple to talk about something
that is happening at the moment in which we
speak.
EXAMPLES
+ I play
- Ido not play
? Do i play?
The English simple past is equivalent to preterite
imperfect and Spanish. We use the past simple
for completed actions in the past. The time period
of these actions is not important as in Spanish. In
the past simple regular verbs and verbs are
irregular.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences:
-Sujeto + verbo principal
Negative Sentences
-Sujeto + "to be" + "not"+ verbo
Interrogative Sentences
-"To be" + sujeto...?
USES
The simple past is used to talk about a specific
action that began and ended in the past.
EXAMPLES
+ She was a doctor.
-She wasn't a doctor.
? Was she a doctor?
There are two main ways to express the future.
Sometimes they are interchangeable, but often
can have different meanings.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences:
-.Sujeto + "will" + verbo principal.
Negative Sentences
-Sujeto + "will" + "not" + verbo principal.
Interrogative Sentences
-"Will" + sujeto + verbo principal.
USES
The forms "will" and "going to" is used to express
the future. The difference between "going to" and
"will" is the sense of probability that planning and
action happen. In general, use "going to" for
concrete plans when we are sure that something
will happen.
EXAMPLES
+ They will be happy to see you.
-They will not be happy to see you.
? Will they be happy to see you?
The present progressive or continuous is
the present tense which is used in two
cases:
1. To describe events or actions that the
subject is performing when talking.
2. To talk about an action or plans that we
will do in the near future.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences:
-.Pronombre/sujeto + Aux. “To be” + Verbo-ing +
Complemento + Expresión de tiempo
Negative Sentences
-Pronombre/ sujeto + Aux. “To be” – not + Verbo ing+ Complemento+ Expresión de tiempo
Interrogative Sentences
-Aux. “To be” + Pronombre/ sujeto + Verbo-ing +
Complemento + Expresión de Tiempo + ?
USES
Is used to talk about something that is
happening at the moment in which we speak.
EXAMPLES
+ Kelly is eating in her home at the moment.
- Kelly is not eating in her home at the moment.
? Is Kelly eating in her home at the moment?
Is a past tense, which is used to talk about the
development of an action that took place in a
given time, the end does not know or does not
matter, as well as to express that an action
occurred when another interrupted finally refer to
actions occurring simultaneously.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences:
-.Pronombre /Sujeto + was/were + Verbo – ing + Complemento + Time expression
Negative Sentences
-Pronombre / sujeto + wasn´t/weren´t + Verbo-ing + Complemento + Time Expression
Interrogative Sentences
-Was/Were + Subject + verbo-ing + Complemento + Time expression + ?
USES
Past progressive tense is usually used to communicate that an
activity was going on when another action occurred.
EXAMPLES
+ Alina was running in the court football last weekend.
- Alina wasn´t running in the court football last weekend.
? Was Alina running in the court football last weekend?
This structure is used to refer to future events or
activities that have been previously decided or
agreed. Carries no emphasis or particular
intention, but simply refers to events or
activities that will happen in all likelihood.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences:
-Subject+auxiliary will+auxiliary verb be +present
participle (base form + ing)
Negative Sentences
-Subject+auxiliary will+not+auxiliary verb be+
present participle (base form + ing)
Interrogative Sentences
-auxiliary will+Subject + auxiliary verb be+
present participle (base form + ing)+?
USES
We generally use this tense to express that we
will be in the middle of doing something at
particular moment in the future.
EXAMPLES
+We will be living.
-We will not be living.
? Will we be living ?
Roughly equivalent to the Spanish present
perfect. We will see the differences in the
section on applications. Overall, it is a mixture
between the present and the past.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences:
-Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") +
"been" + gerundio.
Negative Sentences
-Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") +
"not" + "been" + gerundio.
Interrogative Sentences
-Verbo auxiliar ("to have") + sujeto +
"been" + gerundio?
USES
For past actions that are important in the
present.
EXAMPLES
+ They've learned English.
- They haven't learned English.
? Have they learned English?
In general, we use it for actions that
have passed before another action in
the past.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences:
- Sujeto + "will have" + verbo principal...
Sujeto + verbos auxiliar ("to be") + "going to have" + verbo principal...
Negative Sentences
- Estructura Sujeto + "will" + "not" + "have" + verbo principal...
Estructura Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + "not" + "going to have" + verbo principal...
Interrogative Sentences
- Estructura "Will" + sujeto + "have" + verbo
principal...?
Estructura Verbo auxiliar ("to be") + sujeto +
"going to have" + verbo principal...?
USES
For an action that happened in the past, but
that happened before another action.
EXAMPLES
+ I had read something
- I had not read something
? Had I read something?
In perfect time, the use of which is generally
interchangeable.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences:
- Sujeto + "will have" + verbo principal.
Sujeto + verbos auxiliar ("to be") + "going to have" +
verbo principal.
Negative Sentences
- Sujeto + "will" + "not" + "have" + verbo principal.
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + "not" + "going to have"
+ verbo principal.
Interrogative Sentences
- "Will" + sujeto + "have" + verbo principal...?
Verbo auxiliar ("to be") + sujeto + "going to have" + verbo
principal...?
USES
For actions that have been completed before another action in
the future.
EXAMPLES
+ The party will have ended by the time you finish work.
- The party won't have ended by the time you finish work.
? Will the party [going to] have ended before you finish work?
is a verb form that helps us to highlight an
action that started in the past and has
continued to occur up to the present
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences: - Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") + "been" +
gerundio.
Negative Sentences
- Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to have") + "not" +
"been" + gerundio.
Interrogative Sentences
- Verbo auxiliar ("to have") + sujeto + "been" +
gerundio?
USES
To indicate activities that began in the past
and continue into the present and where you
can highlight the duration of the process.
EXAMPLES
+ They've been talking for three hours.
- They haven't been talking for more than a
few minutes.
? Have they been talking for a long time?
To show the order of the actions in the past.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences:
- Subject + had + been + present participle
Negative Sentences
- Subject + hadn´t + been + present participle
Interrogative Sentences
- question word + had + subject + been + present
participle+?
USES
The Past Perfect Progressive tense is used to express
continuity in a past action done before another past action.
EXAMPLES
+ I had been studying English for 2 years when I
went to London.
- I had not been studying English long when I went
to London.
? Had you been studying English for a long time
before you went to London?
This tense emphasizes the continuity of an event at a future
time. You should specify the duration of action and future
time is taken as reference.
STRUCTURE
Affirmative Sentences:
- Sujeto + "will have been" + verbo principal.
Sujeto + verbos auxiliar ("to be") + "going to have been" +
gerundio.
Negative Sentences
- Sujeto + "will" + "not" + "have been" + verbo principal.
Sujeto + verbo auxiliar ("to be") + "not" + "going to have
been" + gerundio.
Interrogative Sentences
- "Will" + sujeto + "have been" + verbo principal.
Verbo auxiliar ("to be") + sujeto + "going to have
been" + gerundio.
USES
To show that something will continue until another action or
time in the future.
EXAMPLES
+ Francis will have been living in Italy for 4 years by
the time he finishes his studies.
- Francis won't have been living in Italy for long when
he finishes his studies.
? Will Francis have been living in Italy for long by the
time he finishes his studies?