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Struggles in Africa

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Struggles in Africa. Chapter 17 Section 2. South Africa. Apartheid in South Africa. In the 1950s and 1960s, many new nations won independence in Africa Several other African nations suffered internal conflicts and civil wars In 1910, South Africa achieved self-rule from Britain - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Struggles in Africa Chapter 17 Section 2
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Page 1: Struggles in Africa

Struggles in Africa

Chapter 17Section 2

Page 2: Struggles in Africa

South Africa

Page 3: Struggles in Africa

Apartheid in South Africa In the 1950s and 1960s, many new nations

won independence in Africa Several other African nations suffered internal

conflicts and civil wars In 1910, South Africa achieved self-rule from

Britain Most civil rights, however, were limited to

white settlers The black majority had few rights under a legal

system of racial segregation called apartheid

Page 4: Struggles in Africa

Apartheid

Page 5: Struggles in Africa

Apartheid Laws Prohibited marriages between white people and people

and non-white people Prohibited adultery between white and non-white

people Required every South African to be racially classified Forced separation between races through the creation

of residential areas designated for certain races Prevented black Africans from performing skilled work in

any areas except those designated for black occupation

Page 6: Struggles in Africa

Apartheid Laws Led to the removal of Coloureds from the common

voters' roll Gave the Minister of Native Affairs the ability to displace

blacks from public and privately owned land and to place them in resettlement camps

Created black homelands Forced black people to carry identification (which

included a photograph, place of origin, employment record, tax payments, and encounters with the police)

at all times

Page 7: Struggles in Africa

Apartheid Laws Prohibited black people to go on strike Prevented black students from attending white

Universities Removed black South African citizenship and required

all black people to become a citizen of the homeland

designated for his/her ethnic group

Page 8: Struggles in Africa
Page 9: Struggles in Africa

Houses in Soweto, a Black Township

Page 10: Struggles in Africa

“Blacks, Coloureds & Asians”

Page 11: Struggles in Africa
Page 12: Struggles in Africa

Apartheid in South Africa Under apartheid, nonwhites faced many

restrictions For example, laws banned marriages between

races and stipulated segregated restaurants, beaches, and schools

Page 13: Struggles in Africa

ANC The African National Congress (ANC) opposed

apartheid and led the struggledfor majority rule In 1960 police gunned down 69 people during a

protest in Sharpeville, a black township The government then outlawed the ANC Nelson Mandela, an ANC leader, was

sentenced to life imprisonment

Page 14: Struggles in Africa

Nelson Mandela

Page 15: Struggles in Africa

The anniversary of the Sharpeville Massacre of March 21, 1960 has been designated as a day against racial discrimination and for human rights. The apartheid police on this day slaughtered 69 Africans and wounded many others. The liberation movements were banned in South Africa in the immediate aftermath of the carnage

Sharpeville

Page 16: Struggles in Africa

End to Apartheid In the 1980s, international demands for an end

to apartheid and for Mandela’s release increased

In 1984, Bishop Desmond Tutu won the Nobel Peace Prize for his nonviolent opposition to apartheid

In 1990, South African president F.W. de Klerk ended apartheid and freed Mandela, who was elected president in 1994

Page 17: Struggles in Africa

Bishop Desmond Tutu

Page 18: Struggles in Africa

F.W. de Klerk

Page 19: Struggles in Africa

Portugal in Africa South Africa’s neighbors also experienced long

conflicts to attain independence Portugal granted independence to Angola and

Mozambique in 1975 South Africa and the United States saw the

new nations as threats because some liberation leaders had ties to the ANC or the Soviet Union

Page 20: Struggles in Africa

Angola and Mozambique

Page 21: Struggles in Africa

Rwanda After independence, ethnic conflicts plagued many

nations Historic resentments divided nations, and regional

rivalries fed ethnic violence In Rwanda, one of Africa’s deadliest wars occurred There, the Hutus were the majority but the

minority Tutsis dominated Rwanda In 1994, extremist Hutus slaughtered about

800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus

Page 22: Struggles in Africa

Rwanda

Page 23: Struggles in Africa

Rwanda Genocide Victims

Page 24: Struggles in Africa

Rwanda (continued) Another 3 million Rwandans lost their homes In response, world leaders pledged to stop genocide

wherever it may occur Their power to do this, however, was limited

Page 25: Struggles in Africa

Darfur

In Sudan, non-Muslim, non-Arab rebels in the south battled Arab Muslims from the north

This war, drought, and famine caused millions of deaths

Finally, southern rebels signed a peace agreement in 2004

In 2004, however, ethnic conflict spread to Darfur in western Sudan

This conflict raises fears of a new genocide

Page 26: Struggles in Africa

Powerpoint Questions (13 points)

1. What term is given to the legal system of racial segregation?

2. What were black people force to carry at all times?

3. What public areas were segregated? (3 points)

4. What were blacks prevented from attending?

5. What happened in Sharpeville on March 21, 1960?

6. Who was the imprisoned leader of the African National Congress (ANC?)

Page 27: Struggles in Africa

Powerpoint Questions (13 points)

7. Who was Desmond Tutu?

8. Who was F.W. de Klerk? What did he accomplish?

9. What two ethnic groups fought each other in Rwanda?

10. What is the term for the ethnic cleansing of a population?

11. What happened in 1994 in Rwanda?

Page 28: Struggles in Africa

The End


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