Student ConductAndy, Ashleigh, Laura, and Leslie
The Beginning – 1700s
Some of the earliest forms of misconduct were dealing with students who had issues with the institution
• Corporal punishment was viewed as acceptable, but gave way to rustication and degradation (Thelin, 2004)
College presidents and administrators were at the will of donors and enforced what they wanted (as cited in Kapfl, 2011)
Early 1800s
More colleges emerged and donor influence declined
In Loco Parentis Strict rules were established and all aspects
of student life were regulated Humiliation and fines served as forms of
discipline Expulsions and suspensions were viewed as
ways to remove unwanted behaviors
(As cited in Kapfl)
Mid 1800s
Less emphasis on strict discipline led to fewer rebellions on campus
Student self-discipline and self-governance began to form students treated as young adults
Emphasis on utilitarianism and democracy
Code of conduct was more formalized
(as cited in Kapfl)
Late 1800s – A Glimpse to the Future
Special police forces were hired faculty no longer served the as only
disciplinarian Student committees formed in dorms to
maintain order Vanderbilt, Pennsylvania, Chicago
Student advisors consulted with faculty on various issues and matters that arose Princeton, Virginia, Wesleyan, Bates
Student governments eventually gained more power
(as cited in Kapfl)
1900s
Early 1900s continued to focus on student driven systems with assistance of faculty and staff
1960s brought an emphasis on the legality of student discipline Dixon v. Alabama State Board of Education - Six
black students were expelled after participating in a civil rights demonstration. They did not receive a hearing before the expulsion. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals determined it was necessary for students to have a hearing
(as cited in Kapfl)
What now?
Discipline moved into a legal minded direction relationship between student and institution is
viewed by the courts as contractual Brought about the label “judicial affairs” Disciplinarians implement more formal
investigations and ask more questions Educational opportunity to help students look
at the case objectively and to help understand their actions and consequences – Not punishment, but education
Purpose
To administer standards of student conduct within colleges and universities Maintain and strengthen ethical climate Promote academic integrity Set behavioral expectations
Accomplish in a manner that protects the rights, health, and safety of members of the community without undue interference
(http://www.theasca.org/ethicalprinciples/)
Association for Student Judicial Affairs
1986 – Don Gehring of the University of Louisville discussed plans for professional association
1987 – interested persons met at Stetson University Law and Higher Education conference, and later gathered at Louisville to create framework of organization
1989 – first annual conference in Clearwater Beach, FL
Today over 1700 members, representing 700 institutions
(“History of the ASCA”)
Student Conduct at Missouri State University
Conduct History – Missouri State
July 1907 – first written rules of conduct in the Normal School Bulletin four rules and only one was related to
student conduct (Landon, 2004) Only stated conduct rule: prohibited
students from going to pool halls Unspoken rule: no smoking or alcohol
Expectation: live morally
Conduct History – Missouri State
1920: Student Council was created; student leaders (Landon, 2004) Oversaw Student Conduct No record of how this was accomplished
The Red Book Guide to student life Small section of policies: not detailed
President had most influence on conduct
Conduct History – Missouri State
30s: Key and Dagger Club hazing incident (Landon, 2004)
40s: WWII veterans; more mature 50s: More alcohol-related incidents 60s: Student activism; streakers 70s: Panty raids by males
Conduct History – Missouri State Pre-1956: Dean of Men and Dean of Women
took care of all conduct matters (Landon, 2004)
1957: Bear Facts!; created to include a code of conduct
1962: Long-term plan; code of conduct, judicial office, system for academic dishonesty
1969-70: John Ashcroft asked to create the code
1971-72: First code of conduct included in Bear Facts!
Conduct Today – Missouri State Office of Student Conduct
Plaster Student Union Part of the Dean of Students office Coordinator: Kim Sahr Administrative Assistant Graduate Assistant
Main Purpose “to educate, protect, and hold students
accountable” (K. R. Sahr, personal communication, November 3, 2011, para. 2)
Conduct Today – Missouri State
Future goals Develop more campus initiatives for
education Developing informational handouts on
the hearing board process Revise the Code of Conduct Evaluation of the adjudication process Revise the current mission statement
Conduct Today – Missouri State Budgeting
Fairly small budget Main portion is from fines for drug and
alcohol violations; goes back into paying for drug and alcohol education
Extra money goes into more campus programming from the office and other on campus organizations
Money can be requested by other organizations if the program is related to conduct education
Analysis of Student Conduct
Analysis of MSU’s Office of Student Conduct
Mission: “to educate students concerning their rights, privileges, and corresponding duties and responsibilities.”
The office is responsible for “adjudicating alleged violations of the code, safeguarding student rights, and dealing with emergency situations which involve students”
(Office of Student Conduct, 2009)
Proactive vs Reactive
Proactive side of the office consists of upholding the student conduct code, educating, and referring students
Reactive side of the office involves disciplinary and sanctioning in regards to violations.
Also provides resources for sexual assault victims, drug abuse, alcoholism, and family violence
Accessibility for Students
A small percentage of students will ever use the services provided
Information can be found online or at the administrative office Rights and responsibilities of students Confidentiality Emergency contacts Code of Conduct
Addressing diverse and non-traditional populations
The Code of Student Rights and Responsibilities explains that all students are afforded the same basic rights Free expression Representation in student government Equal use of facilities
Strategic Direction of Student Conduct
Issues and Trends within Student Conduct
Issues Funding with struggling economy Ever changing legislation and policy
Trends Dangerous behaviors Technological advancements Academic integrity
Learning Imperatives
“Mission complements the institution's mission, with the enhancement of student learning and personal development.”
“Includes staff who are experts on students, their environments and teaching and learning processes.”
Opportunities
Office continuously tries to provide education not just discipline
Seek students, faculty, and staff that are committed to educating students
Provide opportunities to the university community through the Campus Hearing Board
Overall Strategic Direction
Provide meaningful interactions with student through more engagement
Educate students that the office is there to help, as this may deter negative behavior
Enhance communication and collaboration with other departments on campus
Further expand assessment of program area
Questions? The End.
References
American College Personnel Association. (1996). Student learning imperative. Washington D.C.
Kotler, P., & Murphy E. P., (1981). Strategic planning for higher education. The Journal of Higher Education. 470-489.
Ethical Principles and Standards of Conduct (1993, January). In Serving Higher Education Student Conduct Administrators. Retrieved October 26, 2011, from http://www.theasca.org/ethicalprinciples/
History of ASCA (n.d.). In Serving Higher Education Student Conduct Administrators.
Retrieved October 26, 2011, from http://www.theasca.org/history/ Krapfl, K.A. (2011). Judicial affairs: history, moral development, and the critical
role of students (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8446
Landon, D. D. (2004). Daring to excel: The first 100 years of Southwest Missouri State
University. Marceline, MO: Walsworth Publishing Company. Missouri State University Office of Student Conduct. (2008) Code of student
rights and responsibilities. Retrieved from: http://www.missouristate.edu/StudentConduct/12331.htm