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Student DiversityStudent Diversity
Student DiversityStudent Diversity
In what ways are students diverse?
Impact of CultureImpact of Culture
Norms Norms TraditionsTraditions BehaviorsBehaviors Language Language PerceptionsPerceptions
SHARED
TB: But, I bearly know U.
The internet has helped to break down some cultural barriers.
Who Am I?Who Am I?
Write the top three answers that Write the top three answers that come to your mind.come to your mind.
European American
Hispanic
African American
Asian/Pacific Islander
American Indian
Shared National
American Culture
Macroculture
Race/Ethnicity 2000 2006 2010 (1995 Projections)
European American 71.4 73.9 (67.4)
Hispanic 11.9 14.8 (14.6)
African American 12.2 12.4 (12.5)
Asian/Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 3.8 4.5 (4.8)
American Indian 0.7 0.8 (0.8)
Percentages of U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity
Source: http://factfinder.census.gov
Socioeconomic StatusSocioeconomic Status DefinitionDefinition Disadvantages of Low SESDisadvantages of Low SES Role of Child-Rearing PracticesRole of Child-Rearing Practices
– Parents are less educated role modelsParents are less educated role models– Inconsistent parentingInconsistent parenting– Less value on creativityLess value on creativity– More Punishment More Punishment – Kinds of Parent-Child Activities differKinds of Parent-Child Activities differ
Link Between Income and Summer Link Between Income and Summer LearningLearning
Possible Conflicts Between School and Cultural Expectations
High and Low Power Distance CulturesHigh and Low Power Distance Cultures
Majority
Powerful Elite
Large Middle Class
Upper Class
Lower Economic Class
High Low
Source: Eric Law 1993
Socioeconomic StatusSocioeconomic StatusRole of Schools As Middle-Class InstitutionsRole of Schools As Middle-Class Institutions
School ValuesSchool Values Mismatched Mismatched ValuesValues
IndividualityIndividuality Group LoyaltyGroup Loyalty
Future Time Future Time OrientationOrientation
Focus on PresentFocus on Present
CompetitionCompetition CooperationCooperation
Control of NatureControl of NatureRespect and Live Respect and Live
with Naturewith Nature
Cherish FreedomCherish Freedom Cherish TraditionCherish Tradition
School and Community Factors- Funding- Desegregation
Ethnicity and RaceEthnicity and Race
Why Have Minority-Group Students Why Have Minority-Group Students Lagged in Achievement?Lagged in Achievement?– Socioeconomic StatusSocioeconomic Status– Inferior SchoolsInferior Schools– Instruction Inconsistent with CultureInstruction Inconsistent with Culture– Low ExpectationsLow Expectations
Bilingual ProgramsBilingual Programs
Bilingual EducationBilingual Education– AdvantagesAdvantages
» Self EsteemSelf Esteem
» School Achievement Is Not Dependent On School Achievement Is Not Dependent On Language SkillsLanguage Skills
» Increased AchievementIncreased Achievement
– DisadvantagesDisadvantages» Not Enough Bilingual TeachersNot Enough Bilingual Teachers
» Re-segregates StudentsRe-segregates Students
Gender and Gender BiasGender and Gender Bias
Assessments Assessments The Maccoby and Jacklin StudyThe Maccoby and Jacklin Study
– Differences Within Sexes Exceeded Differences Within Sexes Exceeded Differences Between SexesDifferences Between Sexes
– Experimenters Could Not Control Sex Experimenters Could Not Control Sex AssignmentAssignment
– Only Four Consistent Differences Were FoundOnly Four Consistent Differences Were Found
Gender and Gender BiasGender and Gender Bias
The Maccoby and Jacklin Study Results & The Maccoby and Jacklin Study Results & UpdatesUpdates– VerbalVerbal– Visual-SpatialVisual-Spatial– MathMath– AggressivenessAggressiveness
Sexism at HomeSexism at Home
• Expectations• Reinforcements
Sexism in the Sexism in the ClassroomClassroom
• Observations• Communication• Teacher Chivalry• Conclusions
Percentage of Males and Females who Enrolled in Percentage of Males and Females who Enrolled in and Completed High School Coursesand Completed High School Courses
Courses Percent MalesCompleting
Percent FemalesCompleting
Algebra 81.6 76.8
Trigonometry orGeometry
60.1 50.3
Chemistry orPhysics
54.2 42.3
English, 3 Years orMore
92.8 94.1
Foreign Language,2 Years or more
39.1 48.1
Learning StylesLearning Styles
Theories of Learning StylesTheories of Learning Styles– Different Ways of LearningDifferent Ways of Learning
– Field Dependence versus Field Field Dependence versus Field Independence (Embedded Figures)Independence (Embedded Figures)
– Impulsive versus ReflectiveImpulsive versus Reflective
– Learning Environment PreferenceLearning Environment Preference