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Students-Pull out Learning logs
-We will do 2 questions then I will check-80% = 15
-Trouble in Paradise paper – due tomorrow
-Phones in bin…muted or off…please & thank you
Essential QuestionsLO 1.14 The student is able to pose scientific questions that correctly identify essential properties of shared, core life processes that provide insights into the history of life on Earth. LO 1.15 The student is able to describe specific examples of conserved core biological processes and features shared by all domains or within one domain of life, and how these shared, conserved core processes and features support the concept of common ancestry for all organisms.LO 1.16 The student is able to justify the scientific claim that organisms share many conserved core processes and features that evolved and are widely distributed among organisms today. LO 1.27 The student is able to describe a scientific hypothesis about the origin of life on Earth. LO 1.28 The student is able to evaluate scientific questions based on hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth.LO 1.29 The student is able to describe the reasons for revisions of scientific hypotheses of the origin of life on Earth. LO 1.30 The student is able to evaluate scientific hypotheses about the origin of life on Earth.
More Essential QuestionsLO 1.31 The student is able to evaluate the accuracy and legitimacy of data to answer scientific questions about the origin of life on Earth. LO 1.32 The student is able to justify the selection of geological, physical, and chemical data that reveal early Earth conditions.
Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity
1. What do you know about the origins of life on Earth?- Earth is 4.6 billion yrs old (byo)- Oldest rocks – 3.8 byo – Greenland- Oldest fossils – 3.5 byo
2. How was primitive Earth different than current Earth?- Little O2, much H2O, CH4, CO, CO2, N2
- Lightning- Volcanic activity- UV radiation- Meteorite bombardment
3. How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?”- 1920’s Oparin & Haldane postulated early Earth favored rxns that
formed organic cmpds from inorganic cmpds- 1953 Miller-Urey experiment test Oparin & Haldane’s hypothesis
Students-Trouble in Paradise paper – in box
-LL pictures sent? – get LL stamped
-Tomorrow – early release-1st period still 50 minutes-Others are shortened
Phone in bin…muted or off…please & thank you
Figure 26.2 Can organic molecules form in a reducing atmosphere?
Repeated experiments have formed- All 20 amino acids- several sugars- lipids- purines & pyrimidines- ATP (when phosphate is added) - ALL MONOMERS needed for life
Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity
1. What do you know about the origins of life on Earth?2. How was primitive Earth different than current Earth?3. How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?”
- 1920’s Oparin & Haldane postulated early Earth favored rxns that formed organic cmpds from inorganic cmpds
- 1953 Miller-Urey experiment test Oparin& Haldane’s hypothesis4. How were monomers connected to make polymers?
- Sydney Fox dripped monomers on hot sand, clay or rocks - Created proteinoids – polypeptides created by abiotic means
5. What’s next?- Protobionts – abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a
membrane- Primitive cells- Coacervate – stable protobiont droplet that self-assembles when a
suspension of macromolecules is shaken- Imprecise reproduction- Simple metabolism & excitability (similar to neurons)
6. How does natural selection fit in?- Protobionts best suited to their environment could reproduce & create
others best suited to their environment
Figure 26.4 Laboratory versions of protobionts
20 m
(a) Simple reproduction. This lipo-some is “giving birth” to smallerliposomes (LM).
(b) Simple metabolism. If enzymes—in this case, phosphorylase and amylase—are included in the solution from which the droplets self-assemble, some liposomes can carry out simple metabolic reactions and export the products.
Glucose-phosphate
Glucose-phosphate
Phosphorylase
Starch
Amylase
Maltose
Maltose
Phosphate
Primitive glycolysis – common to all organisms
Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity
1. What do you know about the origins of life on Earth?2. How was primitive Earth different than current Earth?3. How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?”4. How were monomers connected to make polymers?5. What’s next?
- Protobionts – abiotically produced molecules surrounded by a membrane
- Primitive cells- Imprecise reproduction- Simple metabolism & excitability (similar to neurons)
6. How does natural selection fit in?- Protobionts best suited to their environment could reproduce & create
others best suited to their environment7. What was the first genetic material?
- RNA – single stranded- Ribozymes – can replicate RNA
Figure 26.5 A ribozyme capable of replicating RNA
Ribozyme(RNA molecule)
Template
Nucleotides
Complementary RNA copy
3
5 5
- Collections of RNA molecules best suited for their environment replicate their RNA & reproduce- mRNA, rRNA, tRNA all interact with each other now during translation
Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity
1. What do you know about the origins of life on Earth?2. How was primitive Earth different than current Earth?3. How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?”4. How were monomers connected to make polymers?5. What’s next?6. How does natural selection fit in?7. What was the first genetic material?8. What is the origin of photosynthesis?
- Cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae)- H2S metabolizing bacteria mutated to use…….- H2O- Released O2 reacted with dissolved iron- Formed iron oxide precipitate
Figure 26.12 Banded iron formations: evidence of oxygenic photosynthesis
Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity
1. What do you know about the origins of life on Earth?2. How was primitive Earth different than current Earth?3. How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?”4. How were monomers connected to make polymers?5. What’s next?6. How does natural selection fit in?7. What was the first genetic material?8. What is the origin of photosynthesis?
- Cyanobacteria (formerly known as blue-green algae)- H2S metabolizing bacteria mutated to use…….- H2O- Released O2 reacted with dissolved iron- Formed iron oxide precipitate
9. How did eukaryotes originate?- Endosymbiosis
Figure 26.13 Endosymbiosis
Serial endosymbiosis gave rise to proposed phylogenetic tree
(a) Aerobic prokaryote (b) Photosynthetic prokaryote
0.2 m 1 m
Respiratorymembrane
Thylakoidmembranes
Figure 28.3 Diversity of plastids produced by secondary endosymbiosis
Cyanobacterium
Heterotrophiceukaryote
Primaryendosymbiosis
Red algae
Green algae
Secondaryendosymbiosis
Secondaryendosymbiosis
Plastid
Dinoflagellates
Apicomplexans
Ciliates
Stramenopiles
Euglenids
Chlorarachniophytes
Plastid
Alv
eola
tes
Plastid – plant organelle
Students-Get handout – Verbs & FRQ Dos & Don’ts
-BLAST due on Monday
-Today: In-class FRQ-Tomorrow: Grading FRQ
-Monday: Review – content, math, LLs-Tuesday: FRQ test – LL due-Wednesday: MC & math test
Ch 26: The Tree of Life-An Intro to Biological Diversity1. What do you know about the origins of life on Earth?2. How was primitive Earth different than current Earth?3. How do we get “the living” from “the non-living?”4. How were monomers connected to make polymers?5. What’s next?6. How does natural selection fit in?7. What was the first genetic material?8. What is the origin of photosynthesis?9. How did eukaryotes originate?10.What is the evidence for endosymbiosis?
- Similarities between bacteria and mitochondria & chloroplasts- Size- Reproduction by binary fission- Small, circular genomes- DNA sequence- Enzymes & transport systems- tRNA & ribosomes for transcription & translation
- Current endosymbiotic relationships11. Natural selection over millions of years
- led to a diversity of the 1st prokaryotes- Diversity of organisms led to classification
Figure 26.22 One current view of biological diversity
Pro
teob
acte
ria
Chl
amyd
ias
Spi
roch
etes
Cya
noba
cter
ia
Gra
m-p
ositi
ve b
acte
ria
Kor
arch
aeot
es
Eur
yarc
haeo
tes,
cre
narc
haeo
tes,
nan
oarc
haeo
tes
Dip
lom
onad
s, p
arab
asal
ids
Eug
leno
zoan
s
Alv
eola
tes
(din
ofla
gella
tes,
api
com
plex
ans,
cili
ates
)
Str
amen
opile
s (w
ater
mol
ds,
diat
oms,
gol
den
alga
e, b
row
n al
gae)
Cer
cozo
ans,
rad
iola
rians
Red
alg
ae
Chl
orop
hyte
s
Cha
roph
ycea
ns
Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya
Universal ancestor
Domain Bacteria
Chapter 27 Chapter 28
Bry
ophy
tes
(mos
ses,
live
rwor
ts,
horn
wor
ts)
Plants
Fungi
Animals
See
dles
s va
scul
ar p
lant
s (f
erns
)
Gym
nosp
erm
s
Ang
iosp
erm
s
Am
oebo
zoan
s (a
moe
bas,
slim
e m
olds
)
Chy
trid
s
Zyg
ote
fung
i
Arb
uscu
lar
myc
orrh
izal
fun
gi
Sac
fun
gi
Clu
b fu
ngi
Cho
anof
lage
llate
s
Spo
nges
Cni
daria
ns (
jelli
es,
cora
l)
Bila
tera
lly s
ymm
etric
al a
nim
als
(ann
elis
, ar
thro
pods
, m
ollu
scs,
ech
inod
erm
s, v
erte
brat
e)
Chapter 29 Chapter 30 Chapter 28 Chapter 31 Chapter 32 Chapters 33, 34