Studies From Hebrews III VI VII VIII IX X I II IV V III Biblical Studies From The Book Of Hebrews I...

Studies From Hebrews

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Biblical Studies From The Book Of Hebrews

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Copyright © 2005. Permission is granted from the author for free distribution of this material, but only as it appears.


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Overview• God’s final & “improved” message is found

in this epistle• Jesus promised to fulfill the Law Mt 5:17-19• It eventually had to “vanish away” Heb 8:13

• God’s covenant through Christ supersedes all His other covenants

Lesson 1 – General Introduction


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Overview• The book’s intent is found in its title

• Written to Jewish Christians to warn against a return to the Law…an inferior covenant 6:4-6

Purpose• Readers are “exhorted” to be faithful 13:22

cp. 6:1-6 10:26-31 Gal 5:4



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Theme• “God…has spoken” 1:1-2

• He has always revealed His will to man• Christ is His greatest and final Spokesman• Christ has solved our greatest problems

• Sin problem His sacrifice 9:13-14 10:11-12• Access problem the sanctuary 9:11-12, 23-24



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Author• He is anonymous• Yet, we know some details about him

• He was familiar with his readers 5:12 6:9• He was familiar with Timothy 13:23• He had been with his readers previously, and

longed to see them again 13:19



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Author• The apostle Paul has long been the most

“popular choice” among candidates• Yet, he may not have been the author

2:3 cp. Gal 1:11-17



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Date• Internal evidence suggests a date before the

destruction of Jerusalem in A.D. 70• Numerous references to sacrifices, priesthood

cp. 7:8 9:6-10 13:10• There was something in the future still to

“vanish away” 8:13



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• God has always spoken 1:1-2a• He has chosen different ways, methods

• Directly Gen 2:16 6:13-14• Through a bush (Ex 3:4)…a cloud (Deut 5:22)…

even a donkey (Num 22:28)

• He now speaks to us through His Son

Lesson 2 – The Superior Spokesman

His Divinity 1:1 – 2:4


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• God has spoken through His Son in the “last days” 1:2a• An important Biblical time period to understand

• Mentioned elsewhere Gen 49:1,10 Isa 2:2 Dan 2:28, 44 Joel 2:28 (Acts 2:17) 2 Pet 3:3

• Premillennialists misuse this phrase…we are in the “last days” NOW




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• Besides being God’s final Spokesman, Jesus is also further depicted 1:2b-3• Heir of all things cp. Psa 2:8• Creator of all things cp. Jn 1:3 Col 1:16• Reflector of God’s glory, “radiance”




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• Besides being God’s final Spokesman, Jesus is also further depicted 1:2b-3• Exact representation of His nature cp. Jn 14:9

Col 1:15 2:9• Upholder of all created things cp. Col 1:17




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• Christ is declared to be much superior to angels 1:4• His name is “more excellent” than theirs

• This point is significant, given the impact angels had on the Mosaic covenantActs 7:53 Gal 3:19




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• Proof Christ is superior to the angels 1:5-14• What angel was ever told, “Thou art My Son?”

v. 5a Psa 2:7 cp. Acts 13:33• What angel was ever told, “I am your Father?”

v. 5b 2 Sam 7:14




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• Proof Christ is superior to the angels 1:5-14• Angels told to worship the Son v. 6

Deut 32:43 Psa 97:7• Angels = servants v. 7 Psa 104:4• Son addressed as “God” vv. 8-9 Psa 45:6-7




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• Proof Christ is superior to the angels 1:5-14• Son = Creator, imperishable vv. 10-12

Psa 102:25-27• What angel was ever told, “Sit at My right

hand?” v. 13 Psa 110:1 cp. Mt 22:41-46 Acts 2:34-35




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• Angels = “ministering spirits” 1:14• They serve those who will inherit salvation

• Physical service? 2 Pet 1:3• Concern for our salvation Lk 15:10• Stand before heaven’s throne Mt 18:10• Assistance on our journey to Paradise Lk 16:22




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• Given Christ’s superiority, we are under obligation 2:1-4• We must be attentive to what He says v. 1a• If not, we will “drift away” v. 1b

• Proof one can be lost after he/she is saved (Denies “Once Saved, Always Saved” doctrine)




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• Given Christ’s superiority, we are under obligation 2:1-4• What was spoken through angels was “sure”…

how much more what the Son says? vv. 2-3a• We have no escape if we “neglect” the word of

salvation cp. Mt 22:5




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• Given Christ’s superiority, we are under obligation 2:1-4• Christ’s message has been confirmed vv. 3b-4

• At first by Jesus Himself Mt 4:17, 23• Also by His witnesses Acts 1:8• Finally by signs & wonders Mk 16:20




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• “Man” (in general) was given dominion over the world vv. 5-8a• As proof, the author quotes from Psa 8:4-6• The “world to come” = the gospel age, where

man is to have dominion cp. Eph 1:3 2:4-6 1 Cor 3:18-23


His Humanity 2:5-18


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• “At present, we do not yet see everything in subjection to him” v. 8b• Man’s dominion was lost when he rebelled in

sin against God Gen 1:26-28 3:17-19

• “But we see Him…” v. 9a• The “Ideal Man” Jesus Christ


His Humanity 2:5-18


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• The “Ideal Man” Jesus Christ vv. 9b-15• Crowned with glory & honor through sufferings• Brought many sons to glory

(restored our dominion we lost in sin)• Man’s “captain”, “leader”, “founder”, “author”

cp. Heb 12:2 Acts 3:15 5:31


His Humanity 2:5-18


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• The “Ideal Man” Jesus Christ vv. 9b-15• He acknowledges us as “brethren”

cp. Psa 22:22 Isa 8:17-18• He is “Sanctifier”…we are the “sanctified” v. 11

• He shares “flesh and blood” with us


His Humanity 2:5-18


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• The “Ideal Man” Jesus Christ vv. 9b-15• He died for 2 main reasons vv. 14-15

• To “render powerless” or “destroy” him who had the power of death the devil v. 14

• To “deliver” or “release” those held captive through the fear of death v. 15 cp. Rom 6:16-17, 23

Jn 8:34


His Humanity 2:5-18


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• The “Ideal Man” Jesus Christ vv. 9b-15• His “destruction” of Satan was not an

annihilation cp. 2 Cor 2:11 Eph 6:11-12, 16 1 Pet 5:8 1 Jn 5:19

• His “destruction” of Satan rendered him “powerless” in death cp. 1 Cor 15:54-57


His Humanity 2:5-18


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• Jesus, Our High Priest 2:16-17• He was made like His brethren human• He became a “merciful & faithful High Priest”

• He made “propitiation” (satisfying atonement)• He understands man’s plight in suffering, being

tempted cp. 4:14-16


His Humanity 2:5-18


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• Jesus = “High Priest & Apostle” v. 1• “High Priest” = mediator cp. 2:17-18• “Apostle” = one sent officially cp. Jn 7:16-18

20:21

• In a word, Jesus is “superior” to Mosesvv. 2-6


Belief In Jesus As God’s Son 3:1-6


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• Jesus’ superiority to Moses vv. 2-6• Christ is “builder” cp. 1:2, 10• Moses = “servant in house” v. 5 Num 12:7• Christ = “Son over house” v. 6 Eph 1:22-23• Moses “testified” to Christ’s superiority v. 5

cp. Deut 18:18-19 Acts 3:19-26


Belief In Jesus As God’s Son 3:1-6


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• The author illustrates the meaning of “being faithful as God’s house” vv. 6, 7-11• He quotes Psa 95:7-11• Overall, O.T. Israel was rebellious, obstinate• Finally, God declares “No rest” for them

cp. Num 14:23 Deut 12:9


Perils Of Unbelief In Jesus 3:7-19


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• The author exhorts his readers based on his review of Israel’s history vv. 12-15• We must “take care” to avoid unbelief, evil• We must “exhort” each other while it is “Today”• We must guard against being “hardened by the

deceitfulness of sin”




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• The author exhorts his readers based on his review of Israel’s history vv. 12-15• The main concern taught here is apostasy

• The only safeguard against apostasy is to continue to “hear His voice” v. 15 cp. Jn 10:27-29




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• The author summarizes in vv. 16-18• Rhetorical questions are asked to illustrate the

obvious truthfulness of what he has written

• The author concludes in v. 19• O.T. Israel failed to see “God’s rest” because of

unbelief




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• “Therefore” segways between 3:18-19 & 4:1• Since O.T. Israel failed to enter God’s rest, His

promise still stands open, available• We should “fear” lest we repeat Israel’s mistake

• Israel also had “good news preached to them”• They did not unite the message with faith 4:2


Rest For Believers In Jesus 4:1-13


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• That some did not enter, enjoy God’s rest is not due to a failure by God 4:3b cp. 3:19• Proven by the Scripture 4:4-5

• The “divine rest” is still open 4:6-7• The writer cites 2 reasons why this rest is still

available to believers 4:7-9




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• The “divine rest” is still open 4:6-7• The writer cites 2 reasons why this rest is still

available to believers 4:7-9 David still wrote of “Today” long after Israel failed God would not have spoken of a rest to come if

the one provided through Joshua had been His intentions




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• Based on exhortations in 3:7- 4:10, believers must “strive to enter this rest” 4:11• Israel’s disobedience is given as an example• We can repeat their mistake if we are equally

faithless in listening to God, His Son cp. 2:1-3




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• The writer gives believers great motivation to be faithful to God, enter His rest 4:12-13• God will not be fooled by hypocrisy, negligence

• His word knows us thoroughly, is able to discern our innermost thoughts, intents v. 12

• God Himself is behind His word’s power v. 13




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• Jesus “passed through the heavens” 4:14• Duties of the high priest cp. Lev 16:12• Christ is now in the real most holy place

cp. 9:23-24

• Therefore, believers should “hold fast their confession…” 4:15-16


Introducing His Priesthood 4:14 – 5:10


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• Therefore, believers should “hold fast their confession…” 4:15-16• Our high priest sympathizes with our

weaknesses, Himself also tempted…yet w/o sin• He is the perfect Advocate cp. Heb 7:25 1 Jn 2:1

• Therefore, we can approach God confidently




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• God’s priests must be qualified 5:1-4 They must be selected from among men v. 1 They must deal gently with the wayward since

they are beset with same weaknesses v. 2 They must be divinely appointed v. 4




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• Christ meets God’s qualifications as our High Priest 5:5-7• He didn’t exalt Himself cp. Phil 2:6-9• He was beset with weaknesses while human

cp. Heb 4:15 Mk 14:33-36

• Christ learned obedience 5:8




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• Through His obedience, Jesus was made perfect (complete) & “author” (source) 5:9• Salvation is for those who do as He did…obey

• To further prove Christ’s priesthood, a discussion of Melchizedek is begun 5:10




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• The author must pause his discussion on Melchizedek• Though he had “much to say,” he had to pause

to address some remedial issues in his readers• His readers had become “dull of hearing” or

sluggish (spiritually lazy) 5:11b cp. 6:12

Pausing His Priesthood 5:11 – 6:20



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• The author must pause his discussion on Melchizedek• The author reminds his readers of the dietary

limitations of babies 5:13-14• Only the mature can handle “meat”• Only the mature have trained their senses




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• The Christian must eventually graduate from “elementary principles” 6:1-8 cp. 5:12b• Sluggish saints need remedial learning 6:1-2• “If God wills…” means disciples can mature,

but they must put forth effort 6:3 cp. 5:14• To not grow = apostasy 6:4-6




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• Apostasy is grimly portrayed in 6:6-8• To fall away = to “re-crucify Christ” v. 6

• It would nullify His death for sin• It is done “to ourselves” or “to our own harm”

• Apostasy always brings consequences vv. 7-8

• Yet, there is hope 6:9-12




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• Yet, there is hope 6:9-12• We can be “earnest” (not sluggish) v. 11• We can “imitate” other faithful saints v. 12• We can have hope for the future v. 10

Our past faithful service to God, others bodes well God won’t overlook such faithful service




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• God Himself is the best reason for saints to maintain hope, not fall away 6:13-18• His promises are sure, unbreakable

• Illustrated by His promises to Abraham vv. 13-14• He guaranteed them by swearing an oath• Abraham’s reaction is an example to us v. 15




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• God Himself is the best reason for saints to maintain hope, not fall away 6:13-18• He has confirmed Himself vv. 16-18

• His heirs are “convinced” of His immutable purpose• Two immutable things assure us to believe in Him



His promise His oathcp. Mt 24:35 1 Pet 1:23-25


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• God Himself is the best reason for saints to maintain hope, not fall away 6:13-18• We are encouraged to “hold fast to the end”

• Our soul, hope has an anchor 6:19-20• We can go to where our Melchizedek-like Priest

has gone…behind the veil




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• Melchizedek is discussed again vv. 1-10• He was “king” as well as “priest” v. 1a• Abraham paid him tithes vv. 1b-2 cp. Gen 14• His priesthood is perpetual v. 3• Jesus is Priest “after the order of Melchizedek”

cp. Zech 6:13

Concluding His Priesthood 7:1-28



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• Melchizedek is discussed again vv. 1-10• His receipt of Abraham’s tithes testifies to his

“greatness” vv. 4-10• Aaronic priests were to receive tithes v. 5 Num 18• Yet, Abraham paid Melchizedek tithes vv. 6-7

• The “lesser was blessed by the greater” cp. Gen 14:19




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• Melchizedek is discussed again vv. 1-10• His receipt of Abraham’s tithes testifies to his

“greatness” vv. 4-10• Aaronic priests received tithes as mortal men while

Melchizedek received tithes as one who lives v. 8• Even Aaronic priests “paid tithes” to Melchizedek

through Abraham vv. 9-10




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• Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28• The law has changed vv. 11-14

• If Mosaic Law could perfect man, the priesthood wouldn’t have changed from Aaron to Melchizedek

• The Law couldn’t perfect 7:18-19 Rom 8:3 Gal 3:21

• Since the priesthood has changed, the law has necessarily changed also




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• v. 14 is a powerful argument re: Biblical authority• The “One of whom we speak” = Jesus v. 13• He belonged to another tribe (Judah), from which no

one ever served at the altar




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• v. 14 is a powerful argument re: Biblical authority• Moses “said nothing” about men from Judah serving

as priests under the Law• Therefore, God’s silence is AUTHORITATIVE…it is

prohibitive, not permissive




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• Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28• His Priesthood is more enduring vv. 15-25

• Not a priest by “legal requirement, bodily descent” but by “power of indestructible life” v. 16

• Therefore, the “old commandment” is set aside in favor of the “better hope” vv. 18-19

• Witnessed by an oath vv. 20-21




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• Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28• His Priesthood is more enduring vv. 15-25

• He is “guarantor” of a better covenant v. 22• He alone is sufficient as Priest because He endures

forever vv. 23-24 cp. 1:10-12 13:8• He (unlike the Law) is “able to save” because He is

always interceding for us v. 25




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• Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28• As Priest, He is perfect vv. 26-28

• He is “holy” [set apart to God; sanctified]• He is “innocent” [undefiled; blameless; w/o guilt]• He is “unstained” [having no sin]• He is “separated from sinners” [not among them]




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• Jesus is Priest like Melchizedek vv. 11-28• As Priest, He is perfect vv. 26-28

• He is “exalted above the heavens” [rewarded]• He officiated re: sacrifices only once compared to

Aaronic priests• He was appointed by an “oath” versus “law”




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• The Realm Of Our High Priest: HEAVEN vv. 1-5

• The Covenant Of Our High Priest: BETTERvv. 6-13

Lesson 5 – The Superior Covenant

A Brief Outline Of 8:1-13


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• The “point” the author has been trying to make…Jesus is exalted as High Priest v. 1a• He is now seated at God’s right hand v. 1b

cp. 1:3-4• The Scripture portrays the importance of Jesus

being at God’s right hand


A More Excellent Ministry 8:1-13


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• The Scripture portrays the importance of Jesus being at God’s right hand

• 5 times in this book Heb 1:3, 13 8:1 10:12 12:2• Preached by Peter Acts 2:30-36• Witnessed by Stephen Acts 7:55• Written by Paul Eph 1:20-23• Assured to the end Heb 10:11-14




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• Jesus is also “minister” of the holy places… built by God, not man vv. 2-4 cp. 9:23-24• This “Minister” (High Priest) deals with the sins

of men by offering sacrifices v. 3• He had something to offer…Himself cp. 7:27

• He could not serve as Priest on earth v. 4




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• The earthly realm of Aaronic priests was inferior v. 5• Yes, it was true to the “pattern” cp. Ex 25:40• But, it was only a “shadow of the true”• Therefore, the Mosaic covenant is inferior to the

gospel cp. Heb 10:1 Col 2:17




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• Christ serves in the superior realm (heaven), not the inferior realm (earth) v. 6• He has a “more excellent ministry”• He mediates a “better covenant” cp. 1 Tim 2:5

• Moses mediated the 1st covenant cp. Gal 3:19• This covenant is enacted on “better promises”




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• Thus, for there to be a 2nd covenant, the 1st covenant had to be faulty v. 7• As proof, Jeremiah is quoted Jer 31:31-34

• The Mosaic covenant was good cp. Rom 7:12• The Mosaic covenant was also “weak” or “useless”

in that it couldn’t bring man permanent fellowship with God cp. Heb 7:18-19




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• Thus, for there to be a 2nd covenant, the 1st covenant had to be faulty v. 7• As proof, Jeremiah is quoted Jer 31:31-34

• The Mosaic covenant wasn’t inherently faulty• The fault was in fact “with them” (the people)… not

“with it” (the covenant) Heb. 8:8-9




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• Thus, for there to be a 2nd covenant, the 1st covenant had to be faulty v. 7• As proof, Jeremiah is quoted Jer 31:31-34• The covenants are not the same Heb 8:9

• The gospel is not a “warmed over repetition”• The gospel is not a “continuation” of the Law




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• The gospel is shown to be superior to the Law in 3 substantive ways vv. 10-12 It is recorded better v. 10 cp. 2 Cor 3:2-3

• On hearts, not tablets of stone• It was easier to “internalize”




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• The gospel is shown to be superior to the Law in 3 substantive ways vv. 10-12 It involves people already taught v. 11

• 2nd covenant adherents are more enlightened cp. Mt 28:20 Jn 6:45

• Compare to 1st covenant adherents Lev 12:3 Josh 4:6-7, 20-24




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• The gospel is shown to be superior to the Law in 3 substantive ways vv. 10-12 It offers complete forgiveness v. 12

• No annual reminder of sins• E.g. the sin of adultery Lev 20:10

1 Cor 6:9-11




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• The 1st covenant’s worship was strictly governed by “regulations” vv. 1-5, 6-10• Size of furniture Ex 25-27, 30• Placement of furnishings Ex 40• Frequency of access Lev 16• Ingredients Ex 27, 30, 38


The Covenants Contrasted 9:1-28


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• The 1st covenant’s worship was strictly governed by “regulations” vv. 1-5, 6-10• Quality of sacrificial animals Lev 4, 22• “Of this…” the author will not speak v. 5b

• His audience was already familiar with this way• His aim is to emphasize the “new”




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• The 1st covenant’s worship was strictly governed by “regulations” vv. 1-5, 6-10• This “system of worship” = symbolic vv. 8-10

• As long as the “old” remained, the “new” (true) could not be accessed

• Hasn’t the “new way” already been opened up by Christ? v. 24




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• The 1st covenant’s worship was strictly governed by “regulations” vv. 1-5, 6-10• This “system of worship” = symbolic vv. 8-10

• Worshipers under the “old” could not be perfected• Worship focused on the outward, physical v. 9b• A “reformation” was in order v. 10 cp. Gal 3:19-25




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• Christ’s blood that flowed offers 4 great provisions in the new covenant vv. 11-17 Access to the “true tabernacle” vv. 11-12

• His blood opened the way cp. 4:14, 16

A “cleansed conscience” vv. 13-14• Accomplished at baptism cp. 1 Pet 3:21




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• Christ’s blood that flowed offers 4 great provisions in the new covenant vv. 11-17 Past saints were redeemed v. 15

• They finally gained redemption cp. 10:4

His “last will & testament” was ratified vv. 16-17 cp. Gal 3:15




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• The N.T. = Christ’s “last will & testament” vv. 15-17

• The plan has always been eternal 2 Tim 1:9• While living, Jesus made exceptions to the

“will” cp. Mt 9:6 Lk 23:42-43




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• As Testator, Christ’s death ratified His will• After He died, the conditions for the inheritance

were set cp. Mt 28:19-20 Mk 16:15-16 Lk 24:46-47




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• Man-made denominationalism destroys this concept of Christ’s “last will & testament”

• They try to change the terms of the will• It is not theirs to change cp. Gal 3:15




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• Blood is vital for any covenant vv. 18-26• Without blood, there is no ratifying v. 18

• Moses so ratified the 1st covenant vv. 19-22• Even more, Christ’s covenant has been ratified by

His own blood vv. 23-26• Therefore, His covenant is far superior to Moses’

vv. 24-25




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• Christ’s death was “one time” vv. 27-28• Just as man dies once, so, too, has Christ• His earthly appearances had different purposes

• 1st appearance = “to bear the sins of many”• 2nd appearance = “apart from sin…” or for

purpose of salvation




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• The 1st covenant was “a shadow…” and not the “true reality” v. 1a cp. Col 2:17

• The 1st covenant could not “make perfect those who drew near” v. 1b• It could not remove sin, its guilt vv. 2-4• Cp. to the 2nd covenant 8:12


The 2nd Covenant’s Sacrifice 10:1-18


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• Therefore, Christ came into the world v. 5a• He was made like His brethren cp. 2:14-17

• This was the Divine plan vv. 5b-8• A fulfillment of prophecy cp. Psa 40:6-8• God is pleased by obedience, not by “rituals”

of sacrifices & offerings




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• In doing His Father’s will, Jesus “abolished” the 1st covenant & “established” the 2nd covenant v. 9

• “By this will,…” we have been sanctified (set apart from sin) v. 10




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• Priests stand daily offering same sacrifices repeatedly v. 11


The 2nd Covenant’s Sacrifice 10:1-18Aaronic Priesthood Christ’s Priesthood

• Jesus offered Himself once, then sat down v. 12

• Offered sacrifices which can not take away sins v. 11

• Offered a single sacrifice that perfects those being sanctified v. 14


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• Christ’s superiority over Moses is verified by testimony from the Holy Spirit vv. 15-17• He quotes again from Jer 31:33-34

• The conclusion is stated in v. 18• When forgiveness has occurred, there is no

longer a need for sacrifice




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PRIVILEGES We have “confidence to enter the holy

place by the blood of Jesus” v. 19

We have “a great High Priest over the house of God” v. 21


Privileges & Obligations 10:19-25


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• The “holy place” we may confidently enter is heaven itself v. 19 cp. 9:24• It is to enter “boldly” cp. 4:14, 16• All made possible by Jesus “opening up the

way for us” v. 20 cp. 2:10 Jn 14:3, 6• Jesus is our “veil”




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• He is “Priest” over the house of God• He is always before God, making intercession

for us v. 21 cp. 7:25• We are this house “if we hold fast our

confidence to the end” cp. 3:6




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OBLIGATIONS We must “draw near with a true heart in

full assurance of faith” v. 22

We must “hold fast the confession of our hope without wavering” v. 23




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OBLIGATIONS We must “consider how to stir up (provoke)

each other to love and good works” v. 24




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• We draw near with a “true” heart v. 22• It is to be devoted, straight forward Mt 5:8• It is to be single-minded Mt 6:19-23• It is to avoid double-mindedness that keeps

one out of the kingdom Jas 1:7-8 4:8

• Cp. Psa 24:3-4a




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• Who may draw near to God? v. 22• Those who have had their hearts sprinkled

clean from an evil conscience cp. 9:13-14• Those who have been washed with pure water

cp. Acts 22:16 1 Pet 3:21• God draws those who are taught Jn 6:44-45




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• We need to “hold fast without wavering” because the danger of apostasy is always lurking near v. 23a cp. Mk 14:27-31• We also must hold our faith steady in the face

of a mocking, scornful world cp. 2 Pet 3:3-4




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• The incentive for us to “hold fast” is the faithfulness of God’s promises v. 23b• The practical way to “hold fast” is to assemble

with fellow believers vv. 24-25 cp. Eccl 4:9-12• We “provoke” or “stir up,” “encourage” each other• We must not “forsake” this duty




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• “Willful sin” results when saints do not endure through faith v. 26• If we so sin, what else can be done for us?

cp. 6:4-6• It is deliberate, intentional sin• It is rejection, not ignorance


The Need For Enduring Faith 10:26-39


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• Guilty saints will not enjoy the “privileges” mentioned earlier cp. vv. 19-21

• Rather, they will receive “a certain terrifying expectation of judgment” v. 27 Isa 26:11• The judgment day seems to be the “day” the

author discussed in v. 25




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• God’s fierce anger is directed & justified against covenant breakers v. 28• It was under Moses’ covenant cp. Deut 17:2-7

• A reminder from 2:1-3

• That being so, guilty saints today can expect “…a much severer punishment…” v. 29




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• The author describes the guilty and their “willful sin” v. 29• Those who have…

• …“spurned, or trampled under foot the Son of God”• …“profaned, or regarded His blood as common”• …“outraged, or insulted the Spirit of grace”




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• God’s judgment against such “willful sinners” is certain, guaranteed vv. 30-31• He will have His revenge cp. Deut 32:35• It would be terrifying to fall into His hands• Rather, being in the hands of God should be

comforting cp. 2 Sam 24:10-14




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• To stress things don’t have to turn out this way, the author reminds his readers of their past faithfulness vv. 32-34• They had “endured through sufferings”

• Because of their own faithfulness publicly• Because of their associations with other believers




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• To stress things don’t have to turn out this way, the author reminds his readers of their past faithfulness vv. 32-34• Their endurance helped them “…joyfully accept

the seizure of their own property”




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• To stress things don’t have to turn out this way, the author reminds his readers of their past faithfulness vv. 32-34• They accepted their loss because they had “a

better possession, an abiding one” Mt 6:19-21Col 3:1-2 Heb 11:13-16 Phil 3:18b-20




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• Therefore, saints must never “throw away our confidence” vv. 35-36• It has a “great reward”• They “live by faith” vv. 37-38 cp. Hab 2:3-4• They must not “shrink back to destruction”

v. 39




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• Explanation of such faith vv. 1-2• The “assurance” or “substance” of our hopes

• Something that stands under, supports; something that serves as a foundation or substructure

• The “evidence” or “conviction” of the unseen• A legal term re: cross-examination of witnesses to

establish truth, testimony


Examples Of Enduring Faith 11:1-40


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• Emphasis of such faith v. 6• One cannot even please God without it

• If we want to come near God (cp. 10:22; 4:16), we must believe that God exists, rewards those who seek Him

• To “seek” God is to seek His will




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• Emphasis of such faith v. 6• “Seeking God” involves…

• …putting His kingdom above material thingsMt 6:33

• …selling all we have to be in His kingdom Mt 13:45-46




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• Emphasis of such faith v. 6• “Seeking God” involves…

• …seeking Him as our Father Acts 17:24-27• …seeking heavenly things above earthly Col 3:1-2• …seeking the eternal home God has planned for us

Heb 11:13-16 13:14




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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• We accept creation by faith v. 3 cp. Psa 33:6• Abel offered his sacrifice by faith v. 4

• He obviously obeyed God cp. Rom 10:17

• Enoch walked with, pleased God by faith v. 5• He was spared physical death




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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Noah reverently believed, obeyed God v. 7

• He even tried saving others cp. 2 Pet 2:5• His godly fear saved himself, his family

• Abraham obeyed in faith vv. 8-10• He trusted God, agreed to live as a “pilgrim”




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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Abraham had faith when God’s commands

were difficult vv. 17-19• He believed God would work everything out

• Sarah had faith in God vv. 11-12• Her advanced age was no hindrance for God




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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Such faithful servants died “in faith” vv. 13-16

• They did not receive what God had promised them• They “saw” God’s promise from afar v. 13 cp. v. 1• They accepted their roles as “strangers”• They looked for (longed for) their home v. 16




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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Isaac had this faith at his death v. 20

• He blessed his sons with a view of God’s promise

• Jacob had this faith at his death v. 21• He blessed Joseph’s sons as his own, included

them in the future inheritance




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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Joseph had this faith at his death v. 22

• He made Israel promise to take his bones to Canaan

• Moses served God with this faith vv. 23-28• He was hidden by his parents’ faith v. 23• He decided on his identity by this faith vv. 24-26




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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Moses served God with this faith vv. 23-28

• He left Egypt for safety with this faith v. 27• He obeyed God re: the 10th plague with faith v. 28

• Israel had this faith at the Red Sea v. 29• Israel had this faith at Jericho v. 30




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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Rahab sought God with this faith v. 31

• She believed, kept her part of the agreement

• Other servants had this faith vv. 32-34• Gideon believed in his 300 men Judg 7-8• Samson was protected as long as he acted in faith



Judg 13-16


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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Other servants had this faith vv. 32-34

• David slew a giant with this faith 1 Sam 16-17• All of God’s prophets had to have this faith to

deliver what was most of the time an unpopular message…a stern rebuke and call for repentance

cp. Jer 20:7-10




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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Anonymous servants had this faith vv. 35-38

• Some received back their dead by this faithcp. 1 Kings 17 2 Kings 4

• Some were tortured, stoned cp. 2 Chron 24• Some were sawn in two (Isaiah, by tradition)




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• Exhibition of such faith vv. 3-5, 7-38• Anonymous servants had this faith vv. 35-38

• Some were killed with the sword cp. 1 Kings 19• Some wandered about in pitiful clothing, dwelling in

caves and the mountains cp. 2 Kings 1• Of all these servants, “…the world was not worthy”




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• Encouragement of such faith vv. 39-40• Despite their faithfulness, these servants did

not receive what was promised v. 39• Not because God failed them, but because God “…

has provided something better for us” v. 40• This emphasizes God’s eternal plan cp. Gen 12:3

Gal 3:7-9, 22-29




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• N.T. Christians today have a “…great cloud of witnesses” to help with their faith v. 1a• These “witnesses” are those listed in ch. 11• Their “testimony” is the type of faith God

desires in His people• Especially relevant cp. 11:13-16, 39

Lesson 9 – Concluding Exhortations

The Example Of Christ 12:1-3


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• These “witnesses” ran their race v. 1b• “Let us also…” run our race of faith

• To run, we must “lay aside sin” because it is weighty, cumbersome

• N.T. Christianity is a marathon, not a sprintcp. Phil 1:30 1 Tim 6:12 2 Tim 4:7




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• To finish our race, we have Jesus v. 2• “Look” = to look away from all other things,

looking only at one• Jesus is our example to follow…our goal, aim

• AUTHOR captain, leader cp. 2:10 Acts 3:15• FINISHER consummator, standard setter




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• Jesus was perfected through sufferings v. 2• He “endured the cross”• He “despised the shame” cp. Phil 2:8• He had “…joy set before Him” cp. Eph 1:20-23• We also have eternal joy that awaits us

cp. 2 Cor 4:16-18



WE MUST ENDURE


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• Therefore, we must “…consider Jesus” v. 3• We compare what He did to how we face our

challenges• He endured, did not quit• We must not “grow weary or fainthearted”

cp. 10:36




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• The Hebrew Christians had suffered, but not yet to bloodshed v. 4 cp. 10:32-33

• They had also forgot an earlier admonition vv. 5-6 cp. Prov 3:11-12

• God disciplines His children to show love, not to cause them to quit


The Value Of Discipline 12:4-17


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• They had also forgot an earlier admonition vv. 5-6 cp. Prov 3:11-12

• Discipline isn’t a sign of Divine disapproval• Discipline reveals God’s care, establishes the

Father-child relationship, and helps us develop our character cp. Jas 1:2-4




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• Discipline from God has a purpose vv. 7-10• It makes our endurance possible v. 7• It legitimizes us as God’s children v. 8• It causes us to respect God as our Father v. 9• It allows us to share in His holiness v. 10




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• Discipline may seem unpleasant, but it does yield the “fruit of righteousness” v. 11

• The “fruit” of God’s discipline… vv. 12-17• We are “lifted” & “strengthened” v. 12

cp. Isa 35:3-4• It straightens our paths v. 13 cp. Prov 4:25-27




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• The “fruit” of God’s discipline… vv. 12-17• We have peace with others…we are allowed to

see the Lord v. 14• We obtain the “grace of God” v. 15• We avoid the pitfall into which Esau fell

vv. 16-17 cp. Gen 25:29-34 Heb 6:4-6




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• Mt. Sinai vv. 18-21• We have not come to such a terrifying place

• Israel did vv. 18-19 cp. Ex. 19• There, God “challenged” His people Ex 19:5-6• Access to God was limited v. 20 cp. 9:6-9• It is different with us today cp. 4:14-16 10:19-20


The “Two Mountains” 12:18-24


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• Mt. Zion vv. 22-24• We have come to…

• …the city of the living God v. 22• …myriads of angels v. 22• …general assembly & church of firstborn enrolled

v. 23




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• Mt. Zion vv. 22-24• We have come to…

• …God, the Judge of all v. 23• …spirits of righteous men made perfect v. 23• …Jesus, our Mediator v. 24• …sprinkled blood that speaks better v. 24




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• Mt. Zion vv. 22-24• It is the city built by God for which we yearn

cp. 11:10 Jn 5:3-4 Heb 11:14 13:14• Numberless angelic servants await cp. 1:14• Those enrolled in the “Lamb’s Book” are there

cp. Phil 4:3 Rev 3:5




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• Mt. Zion vv. 22-24• Departed faithful saints await cp. 11:13, 39-40

1 Thess 4:13 Rev 14:13• Our Mediator & His blood await cp. 1 Tim 2:5

• Blood declaring mercy & pardon, not crying out for vengeance cp. Gen 4:10 Mt 26:28




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• As a result, saints must not “refuse Him who speaks” v. 25• Moses warned from earth…Jesus warns from

heaven cp. 1:2• As Israel could not escape Moses’ words, we

will not escape Jesus’ words cp. 2:1-3


The N.T. Kingdom’s Stability 12:25-29


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• God shook the earth at Mt. Sinai vv. 26-27• “Yet once more” He will shake heaven & earth

• Quotation from Hag 2:6

• The created will be shaken, removed so that which cannot be shaken (the N.T. kingdom) may remain cp. Dan 2:44 Mt 24:35 Lk 1:33




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• Therefore, saints today need to show their gratitude for the Lord’s kingdom v. 28• We are motivated to “offer to God acceptable

service, with reverence & awe” v. 29• We show our gratefulness & faithfulness by

enduring, not falling away




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• Saints & Physical Relationships vv. 1-6• We must let “brotherly love continue” v. 1

• It existed among these brethren cp. 6:10 10:33-34

• We must not “neglect to show hospitality” v. 2• Especially to strangers• Some had entertained angels cp. Gen 18 & 19


Admonitions & Benediction 13:1-25


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• Saints & Physical Relationships vv. 1-6• We must let “brotherly love continue” v. 1

• It existed among these brethren cp. 6:10 10:33-34

• We must not “neglect to show hospitality” v. 2• God expects N.T. saints to practice this regularly

cp. Rom 12:13 1 Pet 4:9 1 Tim 3:2 3 Jn 5-8




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• Saints & Physical Relationships vv. 1-6• We must remember the needy v. 3

• Those in prison cp. Mt 25:34-40, 41-45• Those who are mistreated cp. Lk 10:25-37

• We must hold marriage “in honor” v. 4• Especially relevant in promiscuous societies




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• Saints & Physical Relationships vv. 1-6• We must learn “contentment” vv. 5-6

• We must be “free from the love of money”cp. Phil 4:10-13 1 Tim 6:6-10, 17 Prov

23:4-5• Tragedies result when we love wealth Lk 12:13-21• God reassures us He won’t abandon us v. 5b-6




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• Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17• We must “remember those who led us” v. 7

• We consider their faith…emulate them cp. 11:4

• We must remember Jesus’ “constancy” v. 8• His faithfulness is what supports all our spiritual

relationships, gives them meaning




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• Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17• We must not be led away by false doctrine v. 9

• These Jewish saints were troubled over doctrines re: food cp. Col 2:16-17 1 Cor 8:8 Rom 14:17

• Such teachings won’t benefit those who are devoted to them…only God’s grace benefits us




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• Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17• We must worship at our altar, “going outside the

camp” to Jesus vv. 10-16• Our “altar” = Jesus’ sacrifice

• Those who cling to the Law have no part at this altar

• O.T. sacrifices were “burned outside the camp” v. 11cp. Lev 16:27




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• Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17• We must worship at our altar, “going outside the

camp” to Jesus vv. 10-16• Likewise, Jesus also suffered “outside the city”v. 12

cp. Jn 19:20• We must “go to Him” bearing reproach vv. 13-14

cp. Mt 10:34-39 Heb 11:24-26




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• Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17• We must worship at our altar, “going outside

the camp” to Jesus vv. 10-16• At our altar, we “sacrifice” to God…

• …the fruit of our lips, praise to Him v. 15 cp. 10:25• …the service to the needs of others v. 16 cp. 6:10




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• Saints & Spiritual Relationships vv. 7-17• We gladly submit to our elders v. 17

• Their work is weighty…they “watch for our souls”• We should “esteem them highly” 1 Thess 5:12-13• To make their task unpleasant, cause them grief

“would be unprofitable for us”




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• Benediction & Final Greetings vv. 18-25• The author requests that these Hebrew saints

pray for him v. 18• Especially he desired this “…that I may be restored

to you the sooner” v. 19• Obviously, he had been with them previously




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• Benediction & Final Greetings vv. 18-25• The author’s final exhortation v. 20

• God is the “God of peace”• He has “raised Jesus from the dead”• He has established Him as “the great Shepherd”• He has applied “the blood of the eternal covenant”




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• Benediction & Final Greetings vv. 18-25• As a result of God’s actions, He has “made us

complete” or “equipped us” for every good work v. 21

• He still “works in us that which is pleasing” to Him

• We should “bear with such exhortations” v. 22




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• Benediction & Final Greetings vv. 18-25• Timothy had been released v. 23

• The author hoped to come to these Hebrew saints with Timothy shortly

• The author sent greetings to the leaders, and “those from Italy” also sent greetings v. 24



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Studies From Hebrews III VI VII VIII IX X I II IV V III Biblical Studies From The Book Of Hebrews I...

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