Studio InterconnectionsStudio Interconnections
VideoSyncVideoSync
MasterW/C
MasterW/C
VHSVTRVHSVTR
Digital ConsoleDigital
Console DAWDAW DA-88W/SY-88DA-88W/SY-88
MicroLynxMicroLynx
2”Multitrack
2”Multitrack
CDRecorder
CDRecorder DATDAT
IF-88AEAES
Converter
IF-88AEAES
Converter
Word ClockWord ClockDigital AudioDigital AudioAnalog AudioAnalog Audio
TimecodeTimecode TDIF AudioTDIF Audio
Video Ref. “Sync”Video Ref. “Sync”
Clock SignalsClock SignalsClock SignalsClock Signals Clock signals are SPEED reference signals that are
used in applications where the rate or speed at which data is transferred or output must remain constant.
Clock signals can be used for both analog and digital applications.
In digital audio applications the clock signal is know as Word Clock.
In video applications the clock signal is know as House Sync, or Video Sync, or Black Burst
Clock Signals should not be confused with Timecode.
Clock signals are SPEED reference signals that are used in applications where the rate or speed at which data is transferred or output must remain constant.
Clock signals can be used for both analog and digital applications.
In digital audio applications the clock signal is know as Word Clock.
In video applications the clock signal is know as House Sync, or Video Sync, or Black Burst
Clock Signals should not be confused with Timecode.
Digital Word ClockDigital Word Clock• A square wave, clock reference signal for digital audio
• Word Clock is a “speed” reference
• Sample rate is derived from word clock signal
• Allows serial transmission between digital audio devices
• A square wave, clock reference signal for digital audio
• Word Clock is a “speed” reference
• Sample rate is derived from word clock signal
• Allows serial transmission between digital audio devices
Typically uses a 75Ω coaxial video cable with BNC termination. "BNC” (British Navy Connector) is a bayonet-type connector, seen on professional video equipment. The male connector, usually mounted on the equipment, appears as a cylinder with a hollow pin in the center. The outer cylinder has two little nubs sticking out on opposite sides. The female connector, normally mounted on the cable, has an outer ring with slots on opposite sides which turns so that it can bayonet onto the nubs of the male connector, and has a smaller center pin which joins to the male's hollow center pin.
Typically uses a 75Ω coaxial video cable with BNC termination. "BNC” (British Navy Connector) is a bayonet-type connector, seen on professional video equipment. The male connector, usually mounted on the equipment, appears as a cylinder with a hollow pin in the center. The outer cylinder has two little nubs sticking out on opposite sides. The female connector, normally mounted on the cable, has an outer ring with slots on opposite sides which turns so that it can bayonet onto the nubs of the male connector, and has a smaller center pin which joins to the male's hollow center pin.
Word ClockWord Clock
•A timing reference for digital audio serial
transmissions
•A square wave signal at the sample rate
•Defines the sample rate of the incoming signal
•Used to derive the sample rate of incoming digital
audio
•Word Clock is a “speed” reference
•Typically on 75 Ω coaxial video cable with BNC
termination
•A timing reference for digital audio serial
transmissions
•A square wave signal at the sample rate
•Defines the sample rate of the incoming signal
•Used to derive the sample rate of incoming digital
audio
•Word Clock is a “speed” reference
•Typically on 75 Ω coaxial video cable with BNC
termination
M27 Digital
Connections
M27 Digital
Connections
Digital Audio Transmission Formats
Digital Audio Transmission Formats
Digital audio is transmitted from one device to another using a variety of formats. These formats have been developed to satisfy specific needs or applications. Each format typically specifies what type of cable and what type of termination is to be used. The most common of these formats are…
Digital audio is transmitted from one device to another using a variety of formats. These formats have been developed to satisfy specific needs or applications. Each format typically specifies what type of cable and what type of termination is to be used. The most common of these formats are…
• AES3id• AES3id 2 Channel2 Channel BNC/RCABNC/RCA EmbeddedEmbedded
• AES3• AES3 2 Channel2 Channel XLRXLR EmbeddedEmbedded
• S/PDIF• S/PDIF 2 Channel2 Channel RCARCA EmbeddedEmbedded
• Toslink• Toslink 2 Channel2 Channel Optical (JIS F05)Optical (JIS F05) EmbeddedEmbedded
• ADAT• ADAT 8 Channel8 Channel Optical (JIS F05)Optical (JIS F05) EmbeddedEmbedded
• TDIF• TDIF 16 Channel (8 In/8 Out)16 Channel (8 In/8 Out)
DB25DB25 SeparateSeparate
Format Format ChannelsChannels
TerminationTermination Word ClockWord Clock
Digital I/ODigital I/O
AES/EBU• 2 channels of audio on one cable• Word clock embedded (“self clocking”)• Balanced cable (110 Ω), typically XLR connectors• 44.1kHz/48kHz, up to 24 bits
S/PDIF• Semi-pro and consumer standard• 2 channels of audio• Word clock embedded (“self clocking”)• Unbalanced cable (75 Ω), typically RCA connectors• 44.1kHz/48kHz, up to 24 bits• Can also be optical cable with TOSLink connectors
AES/EBU• 2 channels of audio on one cable• Word clock embedded (“self clocking”)• Balanced cable (110 Ω), typically XLR connectors• 44.1kHz/48kHz, up to 24 bits
S/PDIF• Semi-pro and consumer standard• 2 channels of audio• Word clock embedded (“self clocking”)• Unbalanced cable (75 Ω), typically RCA connectors• 44.1kHz/48kHz, up to 24 bits• Can also be optical cable with TOSLink connectors
ADAT OpticalADAT Optical
ADAT SpecificsADAT Specifics ADAT (Alesis Digital Audio Tape)
• aka “Lightpipe”, “Optical”
• 8 channels of audio (a multichannel interconnection)• optical cable with Toslink (JIS F05) connectors• Word clock embedded• 44.1kHz/48kHz, up to 24 bits• 96kHz by combining 2 ports (participating manufacturers)
ADAT (Alesis Digital Audio Tape)• aka “Lightpipe”, “Optical”
• 8 channels of audio (a multichannel interconnection)• optical cable with Toslink (JIS F05) connectors• Word clock embedded• 44.1kHz/48kHz, up to 24 bits• 96kHz by combining 2 ports (participating manufacturers)
TDIF SpecificsTDIF Specifics TDIF (Tascam Digital Interface)
• 16 channels of audio (a multichannel interconnection)• 8 channels Input / 8 channels output• Multiwire cable with 25-pin D-sub connectors• Word clock is an external connection, on 75 Ω coaxial cable• 44.1kHz/48kHz, up to 24 bits
TDIF (Tascam Digital Interface)• 16 channels of audio (a multichannel interconnection)• 8 channels Input / 8 channels output• Multiwire cable with 25-pin D-sub connectors• Word clock is an external connection, on 75 Ω coaxial cable• 44.1kHz/48kHz, up to 24 bits
TDIF w/Separate Word ClockTDIF w/Separate Word Clock
Word ClockTDIF
IF88AEAES
Converter
DA-88 Word ClockDA-88 Word Clock
Word clock
TDIF
TDIF
The DA-88 In DetailThe DA-88 In DetailThe DA-88 In DetailThe DA-88 In Detail
DA-88 Tape PathDA-88 Tape PathDA-88 Tape PathDA-88 Tape Path
DA-88 Head AssemblyDA-88 Head AssemblyDA-88 Head AssemblyDA-88 Head Assembly
TDIF TDIF Tascam Digital InterfaceTascam Digital Interface
TDIF TDIF Tascam Digital InterfaceTascam Digital Interface
IF-88AE AES ConverterIF-88AE AES ConverterIF-88AE AES ConverterIF-88AE AES Converter
Yamaha DM SeriesYamaha DM SeriesYamaha DM SeriesYamaha DM Series
O1V96O1V96 DM1000DM1000
O2R96O2R96 DM2000DM2000
Yamaha DM Series Back PanelsYamaha DM Series Back PanelsYamaha DM Series Back PanelsYamaha DM Series Back PanelsO1V96O1V96 DM1000DM1000
O2R96O2R96
DM2000DM2000
Yamaha DM2000 in DetailYamaha DM2000 in DetailYamaha DM2000 in DetailYamaha DM2000 in Detail
DM2000 Back PanelDM2000 Back PanelDM2000 Back PanelDM2000 Back Panel
Mic InputsLine InputsAnalog Inserts
Analog “Omni” Outs
“Slot” I/OAnalog Mix Bus OutControl Room OutsDigital Mix Bus Outs2Trk Analog Ins2Trk Digital Ins Word Clock I/O
Timecode InsComputer I/OCascade
Meters, GPI, 9Pin & MIDI
DM2000 “Slot” I/ODM2000 “Slot” I/ODM2000 “Slot” I/ODM2000 “Slot” I/O
DM2000 LayersDM2000 LayersDM2000 LayersDM2000 Layers
DM2000 Selecting LayersDM2000 Selecting LayersDM2000 Selecting LayersDM2000 Selecting Layers
Yamaha DM2000 Layers in M27Yamaha DM2000 Layers in M27Yamaha DM2000 Layers in M27Yamaha DM2000 Layers in M27Layer 1: Channels 1-8 = ProTools Analog Outs 1-8
Channels 9-12 = Microphone Inputs 1-
4 Channels 13-16 = Empty
Channels 17-24 = DA-88 Analog Outs
1-8
Layer 2: Channels 25-48 = ProTools Digital Outs 1-24
Layer 3: Channels 49-72 = Empty
Layer 4: Channels 73-96 = Effects & Tape Returns
Layer 1: Channels 1-8 = ProTools Analog Outs 1-8
Channels 9-12 = Microphone Inputs 1-
4 Channels 13-16 = Empty
Channels 17-24 = DA-88 Analog Outs
1-8
Layer 2: Channels 25-48 = ProTools Digital Outs 1-24
Layer 3: Channels 49-72 = Empty
Layer 4: Channels 73-96 = Effects & Tape Returns
DM2000 LCD DisplayDM2000 LCD DisplayDM2000 LCD DisplayDM2000 LCD Display
DM2000 Digital I/ODM2000 Digital I/O
Video “House Sync”Video “House Sync”• A video waveform signal without video elements, often referred to as “House” or “Sync” or
“Black Burst” or “Video Sync”
• House Sync is a “speed” reference signal used as a control track on ALL video tape formats.
• “House Sync” is used to synchronize video tape machines and processors to a common speed reference. In video facilities, “House Sync” is sent to all tape machines and video processors.
• “House Sync” is embedded into the video signal (from a video camera) during recording. This composite signal creates a control track that defines the speed of the original recording. These camera tapes are called “Source Tapes”.
• In post-production video applications, “Master Tapes” are blank tapes that have been formatted by striping them with “House Sync” and a black video signal. This process is called “Blacking”. Video editing is the process of transferring selected “Source Tape” material onto video “Master Tapes”. As with the “Source Tapes”, “House Sync” allows “Master Tapes” to synchronize to the common speed reference from the “House Sync” generator.
• House sync DOES NOT CONTAIN TIME CODE! This is a common misconception.
• Uses a "BNC" (British Navy Connector) connector.
• A video waveform signal without video elements, often referred to as “House” or “Sync” or “Black Burst” or “Video Sync”
• House Sync is a “speed” reference signal used as a control track on ALL video tape formats.
• “House Sync” is used to synchronize video tape machines and processors to a common speed reference. In video facilities, “House Sync” is sent to all tape machines and video processors.
• “House Sync” is embedded into the video signal (from a video camera) during recording. This composite signal creates a control track that defines the speed of the original recording. These camera tapes are called “Source Tapes”.
• In post-production video applications, “Master Tapes” are blank tapes that have been formatted by striping them with “House Sync” and a black video signal. This process is called “Blacking”. Video editing is the process of transferring selected “Source Tape” material onto video “Master Tapes”. As with the “Source Tapes”, “House Sync” allows “Master Tapes” to synchronize to the common speed reference from the “House Sync” generator.
• House sync DOES NOT CONTAIN TIME CODE! This is a common misconception.
• Uses a "BNC" (British Navy Connector) connector.
House Sync & Word Clock
Both are speed reference signals. They do
not contain timing information such as Time
Code or Sample Rate, rather they provide
the basic speed reference to generate a
timing signal.
Sample Rate is derived from Word Clock.
Frame Rate is derived from House Sync.
House Sync & Word Clock
Both are speed reference signals. They do
not contain timing information such as Time
Code or Sample Rate, rather they provide
the basic speed reference to generate a
timing signal.
Sample Rate is derived from Word Clock.
Frame Rate is derived from House Sync.