Study and Vibration Analysis

7/28/2019 Study and Vibration Analysis

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STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF

VIBRATION IN POWER PLANT

THE KAVERY ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Submi tted by

KARTHI.R (080111804020)

MATHIVANAN.M (080111804028)

MURALI.M (080111804033)

PARTHIBAN.G (080111804036)

GUIDE CO-GUIDE

Ms. E.JAMUNA Mr. S.MANIKANDAN

Asst.Professer Lecturer


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ABSTRACT

To predict the failure of machine in advance and to avoid the quantity and quality

loss in the production and generation.

Predictive maintenance is implemented in most of the process and power generation

industries.

Spectrum and phase analysis of multi sensor arrangements will be followed.


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WHY MEASURE VIBRATION?

All machines vibrate.

Developing problems are usually accompanied by an increase in vibration.

The vibrations unique characteristics will be determined by the nature of thedeveloping fault.

Measuring vibration will allow a machines condition to be assessed.


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The time required to complete one full cycle of vibration iscalled the period.

If one period is completed in one fifth of a second, thevibration frequency would be 5 cycles per second (5 Hz) or300 cycles per minute (300 cpm).

VIBRATION FREQUENCY


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IDENTIFYING CONSTRAINTS

Velocity , Displacement are the parameters used for analyze the vibration.

The following vibration meters are used for identifying these parameters,Analog meter (IRD 306)

Digital meter / Analyser (IRD 880, Data PAC)


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DISPLACEMENT

Displacement is a measure of the total travel of the mass - back and forth.

Unit of measurement = Microns

VELOCITY

Velocity of the Vibration is a measure of speed at which the mass is movingor vibrating during its oscillation.

Unit of Measurement = mm/secIn/sec


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ACCELERATION

Acceleration is the rate of change of speed of the mass during its oscillation.

Units of Measurement = gs


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PROBLEMS CAUSING HIGH VIBRATIONS

Unbalance

Looseness

Defective Bearings

Electric Problems

Misalignment Eccentricity

Defective Gear

Resonance


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Vibration Frequencies & Likely Causes

FREQ CAUSES OTHERS

1 X RPM UNBALANCE Eccentric Journals, Gears, Pulleys.

Misalignment, Bent Shaft,

Resonance, Electrical2 X RPM Mechanical

Looseness

Misalignment if high axial

Resonance, Reciprocating Forces,

Bad BeltsIf 2XRPM of belt

3 X RPM Misalignment Combination of misalignment &

excessive clearances.

Less than 1 xRPM

Oil Whirl ( lessthan X RPM)

Background Vibration, BeatVibration


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Vibration Frequencies & Causes

FREQ CAUSES OTHERS

Synchronous

(AC line

frequency)

Electrical Includes broken rotor bar,

eccentric rotor, unequal air gap.

Many timesRPM

(Harmonically

related)

Bad Gears,Aerodynamic

forces,

Hydraulic,

Looseness

Gear teeth times RPM.No of Fan blades times RPM

No of impeller vanes times

RPM

2,3,4 & higher if severelooseness

High

Frequency(

Not

harmonically

related)

Bad anti

friction

bearings

Cavitation, Rubbing, Improper

lubrication of journal brgs.


11/42IRD 306 vibration meter

Use Velocity transducer formeasurements.

The Frequency range is from 300CPM

to 240 KCPM ( 5Hz to 4kHz)

Displacement in microns (PkPk) &

Velocity in mm/sec (Pk) Amplitude meter contains 2 different

scales

1) bottom scale- 0 to 3

2) top scale - 0 to 1

VIBRATION MEASURING METER


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ACCELEROMETER SENSOR FOR ANALYSERS

Sensor Of

IRD 880

Sensor of

Data PAC 1500


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Data histories of all equipments in MTPS

Vibration Spectrum taken using Datapac 1500


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TYPES OF MACHINES

The machines are classified into two types based on machine position.

They are,

Horizontal machines

Vertical machines


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In a horizontal machines, the vibration readings are taken inthree positions,

Horizontal

Vertical

Axial

In a vertical machines, the vibration readings are taken in two

positions,

RadialAxial


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Vibration measurement locations in

vertical machines


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Vibration measurement locations in

horizontal machines


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Measurements in Motor DE


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ROLLING ELEMENT BEARING

PROBLEMS

Improper lubrication

Use of wrong lubrication

Lubrication contamination

Improper storage Moisture

Improper installation

Improper application


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VIBRATION SPECTRUM SHOWINGBEARING FAILURE

Spectrum shows Higher order harmonics indicates bearing failure.


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ABNORMAL CONDITION OF ID FAN

Bearing

End

Horizontal Vertical Axial

m mm/s m mm/s m mm/s

MNDE

6-12

1.0

8-16

1.2

30-90

3.6-5

MDE 8.0 1.0 10 2.2 30-50 3.0

VPY 12 1.6 12 2.2 10-18 6.6

VSY

10-18

1.4

5-18

1.4

30-90

3-4.6

FDE 12 0.6 12 0.6 18 0.9

FNDE 18 0.8 10 0.4 20 0.8


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Observation: -

The spectrum taken shows that multiple higher order frequencies in

motor and voith primary and secondary.


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BearingEnd



MNDE 21 1.6 20 1.8 220 14

MDE 7 0.8 9 1.6 64 4.2

DECOUPLED CONDITION OF MOTOR


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Report given:-

1. The voith coupling and its alignment may be checked.

2. The motor bearings may also be checked.3. The motor may also be tested for electrical compliances.

Action taken:-

The voith bearings are replaced , the vibration readings were reduceinto normal limits.


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ID FAN VOITH


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AFTER REPLACEMENT OF VOITH

Bearing

End



MNDE

5

1.0

3

1.2

18

2.2

MDE 6 0.8 6 1.4 26 2.2

VPY 6 2.4 7 0.8 10 3.2

VSY

10

1.2

10

0.6

20

2.0

FDE 12 0.6 11 0.5 18 0.8

FNDE 16 0.7 10 0.4 20 0.8

VIBRATION SPECTRUM TAKEN AFTER


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e

VIBRATION SPECTRUM TAKEN AFTER

RECTIFICATION OF ID FAN


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GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION IN ID FAN


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ABNORMAL CONDITION OF ACWP

Position

Radial

Axial

m mm/s m mm/s

MNDE 84 6.8 22 2.2

84 6.6 22 2.2

86 7.0 18 1.9

82

6.4

22

2.2

MDE 56 4.6 8 1.4

52 4.2 6 1.1

54 4.4 6 1.4

60 5.0 8 1.2

PUMP 7 1.2 5 0.9

7 1.8 3 0.8

8 1.6 6 0.9

7 1.8 6 1.0


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Observation:-

The vibration spectrum taken shows that 1X rpm dominant frequency in radial

direction.


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Position

Radial

Axial

m mm/s m mm/s

MNDE 66 5.6 14 1.4

64

5.0

14

1.4

66 5.6 14 1.5

66 5.4 10 1.4

MDE 44 3.6 6 1.0

44

3.4

6

0.8

44 3.8 5 1.0

44 3.6 6 1.2

VIBRATION READING OF MOTOR IN

DE-COUPLED CONDITION


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Report given:-

The rotor may be checked for its unbalance.

Action taken:-

Balancing weight of 39.7gms was added


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Position Radial Axialm mm/s m mm/s

MNDE 20 2.0 6 1.4

26 2.4 5 0.9

20 2.0 6 1.6

28 2.4 7 1.0

MDE 12 1.8 4 1.2

16 1.6 4 1.2

12 1.4 4 1.6

16 1.6 5 0.9PUMP 6 0.7 3 0.4

6 0.7 3 0.5

6 0.9 3 0.6

6 0.8 5 1.0

VIBRATION READINGS AFTER RECTIFICATION OF ACWP


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AFTER BALANCING


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VIBRATION SPECTRUM AFTER RECTIFICATION OF ACWP

GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF VIBRATION IN ACWP


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CONCLUSION

By selecting this project in METTUR THERMAL POWER STATION

we have studied the vibration monitoring techniques and analysis carriedout in power plant.

In our project we studied about the vibration measurements and causes

of vibration that occurred in power plant machines.

There are other vibration problems occurred in thermal power plant are

studied, in our project we analyzed the bearing failure in induced draught

fan and unbalance in auxiliary cooling water pump.


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THANK YOU

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