STUDY GUIDE 2nd YEAR MBBSwahmedicalcollege.edu.pk/.../2019/06/Study-Guide-Y2M1.docx · Web view2019...

[ STUDY GUIDE 2nd YEAR MBBS ]

2019

WAH MEDICAL COLLEGEWAH CANTTDepartment of Medical Education

WAH MEDICAL COLLEGE MODULE CODE: Y2M1

Study Guide for Foundation Module

Course Code :Y2M11 Over view 02

2 Introduction to the study Guide. 03

3 Teaching and learning methodologies (MITs). 04

4 Assessment strategies 05

5 Structured summary of Module 06

6 Course content 06

Anatomy 06

Broad outline of topics

Los

MIT

ETA

Reference books

Physiology 24

Los

MITs

ETA

Reference Books

Biochemistry 33

Los

MITs

ETAs

Reference Books

7 Time Table 37

2


Over view.

Module name Foundation module

Year 1

Duration 9.5 weeks

Module development committee

Chairperson Prof. Dr Zubia Ather

Module In charge Dr. Uzma Shahid

Members/ Resource persons Anatomy: Dr. Uzma Shahid

Physiology : Dr. Sumera Iqbal

Biochemistry : Mrs. Rabbiah Manzoor

Study guide developed By Department of Medical Education

Wah Medical College

under Supervision of

Prof. Dr. Musarat Ramzan

Resource person for Study Guide Dr. Ayesha Younas

3

In case of any query: regarding your course work. Feel free to contact concerned resource persons for each department.


Commonly used abbreviations in the study guide

1. MIT Modes of Information Transfer.

These are the methodologies through which you will be taught by your instructors. These can include.

LGIS: Long class interactive session

CBL: Case based learning.

Practicals

Demonstrations

Dissection

SGDs: Small group discussions format.

2. LOs :

Learning objectives are statements that define the expected goal of your course, lesson or activity in terms

of demonstrable skills or knowledge that will be acquired by you as a result of instruction. In simple

words, these are the things that you must know after learning a particular topic.

3. ETA: Expected time allocation (ETA) for any learning activity.

1. INTRODUCTION: Dear Students, we at the Department of Medical Education, Wah Medical College, have developed

this study guide specially for you. This study guide is an aid to

Inform students how their learning programs have been organized in this module

Help students organize and manage their studies throughout the module

Guide students on assessment methods, rules and regulations.

Communicates information on organization and management of the module. This will

help the student to contact the right person in case of any difficulty.

Defining the objectives which are expected to be achieved at the end of the module.

Identifying the learning strategies such as lectures, small group teachings, clinical skills,

demonstration, tutorial and case based learning that will be implemented to achieve the

module objectives.

Providing a list of learning resources such as books, and journals for students to consult

in order to maximize their learning.

Providing information on the assessment methods that will be held to determine every

student’s achievement of objectives.

4


2. TEACHING AND LEARNING METHODOLOGIES In this module, the following teaching/ learning methods are used to promote better

understanding:

Large group Interactive sessions

Small Group Discussion

Case-Based Learning

Practicals

Self-Directed Study

Large Group Interactive Sessions

In large group , the lecture introduction a topic or common clinical conditions and

explains the underlying phenomena through questions , pictures, videos of patients

interviews, exercises, etc. Students are actively involved in the learning process.

Small Group Discussion

This format helps students to clarify concepts acquired skills or attitudes. Sessions are

structured with the help of specific exercises such as patient case, interviews or

discussion topics. Students exchange opinions and apply knowledge gained from

lectures, tutorials and self-study. The facilitator’s role is to ask probing questions,

summarize, or rephrase to help clarify concepts.

Case-Based Learning

This is a small group discussion format where learning is focused around a series of

question based on a clinical scenario. Students’ discuss an answer the questions applying

relevant knowledge gained in clinical and basic health science during the module.

Practical

Basic science practical related to Anatomy, Biochemistry, Pathology, Pharmacology and

Physiology are scheduled for student learning.

Self-Directed Study

Students’ assume responsibilities of their own learning through individual study, sharing

and discussing with peers, seeking information from learning Resource Center, teachers

5


and resource persons with and outside the college. Students can utilize the time within the

college schedule hours for self-study.

3. Assessment strategies During the module the students shall be continually formatively assessed.

The weightage of internal assessment shall be 30% in 1st professional MBBS

Examination.

There shall be three modular and one pre-annual examination.

The scores of tests at the end of each modular assessment and pre-annual

examination shall be used for calculation of the internal assessment.

Module and Pre-Annual Examination:

There will be three module examinations, one at the end of each module.

There will be only one pre-annual examination.

The structure of the paper of all the module examination and pre-annual will be

same as that for annual examination though syllabus will be different.

The syllabus for modular examination will be announced by the department at

least 02 weeks prior to examination.

Pre-annual examination will be from whole syllabus.

The date sheet for module and pre-annual examinations will be published by

examination branch of college while the examinations will be conducted by the

respective department.

The result will be submitted to NUMS examination branch for incorporation in

internal assessment before annual examination.

Annual Professional Examination:

The university shall take the 1st professional Examination as per PM&DC

guidelines at the end of the academic year.

Each subject section has table of specification of module. Pre-annual and annual

examination.

Annual theory and practical Examination shall be of 200 marks each in: Anatomy,

Physiology and Biochemistry. 6


The pass score shall be 50% in theory and practical separately.

4. Structure Summary of Foundation Module- 2 nd year

MODULES BLOCKS THEMES

ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY

Y2M1 1. Abdomen, pelvis and perineum

2. GIT3. Urinary

System

Gross anatomy1. Abdomen,

pelvis and erineum

EmbryologyDevelopment of

GIT Urinary System

Histology GIT Urinary System

GIT Liver Body Fluids Renal

Physiology Acid Base

Balance

Biochemistry Digestive Trac

Metabolism of carbohydrate

Biochemistry water and electrolyte imbalance and acid base Balance

1. Course content

2. Curriculum (ANATOMY) 1st module 2nd year MBBS (Y2M1) 2018-2019

S.No LEARNING OUTCOMES

LEARNING OBJECTIVES MIT

Tim

e al

loca

ted

(hrs

)

Nam

e of

inst

ruct

orMode of assess-ment

Reading assignment

By the end of session, the student should be able to:

LGIS/ SGD/ CBL/ Practical/ Tutorial

Theory/ OSCE/ Viva Voce

Code: *

1 Appraise the gross anatomy of abdominal wall to gain access to various abdominal organs & to identify common clinical problems (acute abdominal pain, penetrating trauma to the

Identify nine regions of abdominal cavity to locate the abdominal organ.

SGD 2

Dr A

yesh

a, D

r Mah

was

h, D

r Am

na, D

r Tah

ir, D

r Sah

ab Viva voce GM: 184, 185

Mark the planes on the abdomen of subject/model for delineation of abdominal regions

SGD OSCE GM: 184, 185

Identify the layers of anterolateral abdominal wall in the prosected specimen.

SGD OSCE GM: 186

Explain the clinical importance of membranous layer of superficial fascia with anatomical reasoning.

SGD Theory GS: 149

7


abdominal wall) related with them.

Demonstrate the origin, insertion, & nerve supply of muscles of anterolateral abdominal wall in the prosected

SGD OSCE GS:158

Describe/demonstrate the actions of muscles of anteolateral abdominal wall

SGD 2 Viva voce/ OSCE

GS:157

Illustrate rectus sheath at different levels of abdomen alongwith its contents.

SGD Theory GS: 157

Describe the blood supply & lymphatic drainage of anterolateral abdominal wall

SGD Theory/ Viva voce

GS: 161-163

Explain area of anesthesia, indications & procedure of anterior abdominal wall nerve

SGD 2 Viva voce GS: 159

Describe the abdominal surgical incisions to gain access to abdominal cavity


GS: 187-188

Enumerate the various layers (from superficial to deep) through which an abdominal stab wound penetrates depending on following locations: lateral to rectus sheath, anterior to rectus

SGD Viva voce GS: 187

Trace the origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions of muscles of posterior abdominal wall in prosected specimen


Describe the fascial lining of the abdominal walls


Analyze a case of psoas abcess SGD Viva voce GS: 177,GM: 318

2 Appraise the gross anatomy of inguinal canal to differentiate between various types of abdominal hernias.

Enumerate the structures passing through superficial & deep inguinal rings

SGD 2 Theory/ Viva voce

GM:203

Mark the superficial & deep inguinal rings on the surface of given subject

SGD OSCE GS: 164, GM:203

Describe the boundaries/ walls of inguinal canal


GS: 164

Comprehend the functions & mechanics of inguinal canal


Define abdominal hernia. Describe different parts of a hernia.


GS: 183

Enlist common types of abdominal hernia & describe the characteristics of each type.


GS: 183-186

8


Differentiate between direct & indirect inguinal hernias regarding their relation with age, predisposing factor, frequency, coverings on exit from abdominal cavity, course, & exit


GS: 183, 184,GM: 213

Define spermatic cord. Describe its extent, coverings & contents


GS: 164, 165

3 Appraise the gross features of scrotum, testes, & epididymides to identify common clinical problems related with them.

Describe the layers, contents, nerve supply & lymphatic drainage of scrotum.


GS: 167-169

Identify the gross features of Testis and ducts on a given model

SGD Viva voce GS: 169, GM:209

Explain the significance of pampiniform plexus


GM:210

Justify the location of testis outside the bodywith anatomical reasoning.


GM:211

Correlate the descent of testis to its blood supply, lymphatic drainage and innervations.


GS:169

Describe anatomical reasons behind hydrocele, hematocele, & cancer of testis


GM:212, 215

Define varicocele. Justify its common occurrence on left side of body.


GS:169

4 Interpret the common clinical problems associated with peritoneal cavity with relevance to its gross features.

Define peritoneum & its layers. SGD Theory/ Viva voce

GS: 205,GM: 217

Correlate the mechanism of pain with the nerve supply of peritoneal layers.


GS: 209, 215

Enumerate intraperitoneal, extrapertinoeal, & secondarily retropertoneal organs.


GS: 206

Define following terms of peritoneum with one example each: Mesentry, Omentum, Ligaments, Folds, Recesses,


GS: 206 to 208,GM: 219, 220

Illustrate the vertical and horizontal disposition of peritoneum and demonstrate it on the model of abdomen and

SGD Viva voce GS: 207, 208

Describe the role of visceral and parietal layers in peritoneal adhesions, ascites and paracentesis


GM: 223-225

Demonstrate the attachment of greater & lesser omentum in the given model.


GM: 219

9


Describe various peritoneal recesses with reference to their walls and continuations


GS: 208

Describe the walls and recesses of omental bursa


GS: 207, 208, GM: 221

Demonstrate the differences in arrangement of peritoneum in males and females in the given model.


GM: 343-345

Explain the role of greater omentum as abdominal policeman


GS: 213

Explain peritoneal infection & peritoneal pain using your knowledge of gross anatomy of peritoneum


GS: 213-215

Describe the clinical importance of peritoneal cavity as dialyzing chamber


GS: 215

5 Appraise the gross anatomy of esophahus to explain common clinical problems related with it.

Describe abdominal esophagus regarding its relations, blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of


GS: 217

Explain achalasia of cardia, GERD and bleeding esophageal varices using your knowledge of gross anatomy


GS: 218

6 Appraise the gross anatomy of stomach to explain common clinical problems related with it.

Demonstrate the position & gross features of stomach on the given model

SGD 2 Viva voce GS: 219,GM: 231

Mark the stomach on the surface of given subject

SGD OSCE GM: 231

Identify the omenta attached to stomach on a given model.

SGD Viva voce GM: 219

Enumerate the structures lying in stomach bed


GS: 220,GM: 232

Describe the blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of stomach.


GS: 219

Describe the role of blood and nerve supply in partial gastrectomies


GM: 256

Explain gastric pain, gastric ulcer, H. Pylori, vagotomy, & cancer of stomach


GS: 223,GM: 255-256

Enumerate the anatomic structures that may impede passage of Nasogastric intubation. Enlist anatomy of


GS: 223

7 Appraise the gross anatomy of small

Identify the gross features of duodenum, jejunum & ileum on the given model.


10


intestine to explain common clinical problems related with it.

Identify the structures in relation with duodenum, jejunum, & ileum on the prosected specimen

SGD OSCE GS: 224-227

Explain duodenal ulcers applying your knowledge of gross anatomy


GS: 227,GM: 257

Correlate duodenal recesses with paraduodenal hernias.


GS: 208,GM: 257

Define mesentry. Demonstrate the structures crossed by root of mesentry in the prosected specimen.

SGD Viva voce, OSCE

GS: 207GM: 243

Differentiate between gross features of jejunum and ileum in tabulated form

SGD Theory GM: 244

Justify the clinical importance of Meckel’s diverticulum.


GS: 238, GM:258

Analyze the clinical scenario of appendicitis applying your knowledge of gross anatomy.

CBL PBQ GS: 234GM: 260

8 Appraise the gross anatomy of large intestine to explain common clinical problems related with it.

Identify parts of colon, their relations and peritoneal attachments in the given model

SGD 2 OSCE GS: 229-234

Describe ileocecal valve. SGD Theory/ Viva voce

GS: 230

Justify the clinical importance of variable positions of appendix.


GS: 234,GM:258

Tabulate the external & internal differences of small & large intestine.


GS: 246

Analyze a case of acute appendicitis

SGD PBQ GS: 236

Define diverticulosis, volvulus, intussesception, cecostomy, & colostomy.

SGD PBQ GS: 236

9 Explain the clinical problems occurring due to occlusion of GIT blood vessels

Describe the extent, relations, branches and their distribution regarding abdominal aorta


GS: 271-273,GM: 314

Mark the abdominal aorta in the given subject.


Identify the major arteries supplying the gut in the given prosected specimen. Trace their branches supplying different parts of digestive tract.

SGD 2 OSCE, Viva voce

GS: 240-244

Describe the obliteration of abdominal aorta & iliac arteries.

SGD Viva voce GS:274

Explain formation, & tributaries of inferior vena cava


GS: 274

11


Identify the abdominal and thoracic relations of inferior vena cava in the given model.


GM: 315

Explain the collateral routes for abdominopelvc venous blood & compression of inferior vena cava.


GM: 320

Explain trauma to the inferior vena cava.

10 Identify various clinical signs of portal hypertension with anatomical reasoning

Describe the formation, significance & tributaries of portal vein.


GS: 245

Describe the communications between portal & systemic systems (sites of porto-systemic anastomosis) mentioning the names of veins involved.


GS: 246

Explain the role of porto-systemic anastomosis in portal hypertension


GS: 246,GM: 288

Analyze a case of portal hypertension with anatomical reasoning.

CBL PBQ GS: 246

11 Appraise the gross anatomy of liver to explain common clinical problems related with it.

Identify the position, lobes, size, shape, surfaces, coverings and ligaments of liver in the given model.

SGD 2 Viva voce/ OSCE

GS: 246, 247; GM: 268, 269

Describe the concept of lobes and segments in liver on a given model

SGD Viva voce GS: 247,GM: 272

Explain the dual blood supply of liver in the given model.


GS: 249,GL: 262

Demonstrate the line of peritoneal attachments on the liver in the given model

SGD Viva voce GS: 248-249

Illustrate the impressions of surrounding viscera & peritoneal reflections on liver

SGD Theory GL:260

Explain the concept of hepatic lobectomies and segmentectomies with

SGD Viva voce GM: 281, 283

Mark the borders/ margins of liver on the surface of given subject

SGD Viva voce GL: 259, 260

Describe the lymphatic drainage & nerve supply of liver

SGD Theory GS: 249,GM: 276, 277

Explain a case of cirrhosis of liver applying your knowledge of gross anatomy.

CBL Theory(PBQ)

GM: 284, 285

12


12 Appraise the gross anatomy of extrahepatic biliary apparatus to explain common clinical problems related with it.

Describe the gross anatomy, relations and blood supply of gall bladder


GS: 250-251

Describe the formation, course and termination of common bile duct


GS: 250

Eumerate the components of Intra & Extra Hepatic Biliary Systems

SGD Theory GS: 250,GL: 263-264

Identify the right & left hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, cystic ducts, bile duct in the given model

SGD OSCE GS: 250

Explain the following clinical conditions applying your knowledge of gross anatomy:Gall stones, Acute cholecystitis,


GS: 251, 252, GM: 286, 287

13 Appraise the gross anatomy of pancreas to explain common clinical problems related with it.

Identify the location, parts & relations and ducts of pancreas in the given model.

SGD 2 Viva voce GS: 256-257

Describe the blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage of pancreas.


GS: 256-257

Analyze the clinical scenario of cancer of head of pancreas & bile duct.

CBL Theory(PBQ)

GS: 256-257

14 Appraise the gross anatomy of spleen to explain common clinical problems related with it.

Identify the gross relations of spleen on the model

SGD 1 OSCE GS: 259

Describe location, blood supply, nerve supply,& lymphatic drainage of spleen,


GS: 259

Mark the spleen on the surface of given subject

SGD OSCE GS: 259

15 Comprehend the basic anatomy of vertebral column and related soft nervous tissues o identify the likely source of pain and pathologic processes causing it.

Identify the structures forming posterior abdominal wall in prosected specimen.

SGD 2 OSCE GM: 309

Describe the fascia of posterior abdominal wall


GM: 311

Distinguish lumbar vertebrae from cervical & thoracic vertebrae


Identify processes of lumbar vertebrae like superior and inferior articular, transverse, spinous, mammillary & accessory

SGD OSCE GS: 855

Differentiate b/w typical & atypical given lumbar vertebrae

SGD Viva voce/ OSCE

GL:435

Define abnormal curves of vertebral column. Enlist causes of each of them.


GS: 860

13


Enlist common causes of back injuries.

Explain dislocations & fractures of vertebral column


GS: 862

Explain the clinical conditions of nerve root pain, herniated intervertebral discs, & narrowing of spinal canal.


GS: 868

Correlate the compression & injury of spinal nerve to the basic anatomy of intervertebral foramina.


GS: 868

Define Spondylolisthesis, lumbar spinal stenosis


GS: 862,GM: 460

Describe the origin, insertion, nerve supply & actions of muscles of posterior abdominal


GM: 312

Demonstrate the nerves of posterior abdominal wall in the given model.

SGD Viva voce GM: 312-313

16 Appraise the gross anatomy of kidneys to explain common clinical problems related with it.

Describe the gross features of kidney, relations, and its coverings


GS: 260-264,GL: 284

Mark both kidneys on the surface of given subject

SGD OSCE GM: 292

Identify the impressions of surrounding structures on both kidneys in the given model.

SGD OSCE GS: 265

Describe the gross appearance of cortex and medulla of kidney (internal structure)


GS: 262

Describe the blood supply, nerve supply, & lymphatic drainage of kidney


GS: 264

Describe the structures involved in perinephric abscess with their anatomical relations


GM: 298

17 Appraise the gross anatomy of ureters to explain common clinical problems related with it.

Describe the gross features, relations, & course of ureter on the model while mentioning its constrictions.


GS: 266

Describe the blood supply and venous drainage of ureter.


GS: 266,GM: 296

Mark the ureter on the surface of given subject

SGD OSCE GL: 287

Explain the cases of ureteric stones, renal colic, renal transplantation with anatomical reasoning.

SGD Theory (PBQ)

GS: 267, GM: 298-300

14


18 Appraise the gross anatomy of suprarenal glands to explain common clinical problems related with it.

Describe location, gross features, relations, blood supply, nerve supply, & lymphatic drainage of suprarenal glands


GS: 269

Explain cushing s syndrome, addison’s disease, pheochromocytoma, surgical significance of renal fascia


GS: 269-270

19 Appraise the gross anatomy of Autonomic nervous system to explain common clinical problems related with it.

Describe the formation of aortic plexuses.


GS: 280

Enlist branches of sympathetic trunk

SGD Theory GS: 279-280

Define splanchnic nerves. Classify them according to region. Mention the autonomic fiber type, system, origin, and


GM: 303

Explain the mechanism of reffered abdominal pain.


GS: 281

Differentiate between somatic and visceral abdominal pain.


GS: 281

20 Explain the continuity of abdominal lymphatic system with that of other regions with reference to spread of malignancy.

Name the lymph nodes draining the abdomen.


GS: 276

Explain the lymphatic vessels & lymph nodes draining the abdominal wall & the abdominal viscera.


GM:316

Describe the terminal group of lymph nodes around abdominal aorta


GM: 316

Describe the lymphatic trunks, cisterna chili & the thoracic duct.


GM: 316

Differentiate between the location and area of drainage of pre and para aortic lymph nodes


GM: 210, 253

Explain the continuity of abdominal lymphatic system with other regions with reference to spread of malignancy an infection of


GM: 45-46,GS: 21

21 Comprehend the significant anatomy of pelvic walls relative to clinical problems.

Define pelvic girdle. Identify parts of bones forming pelvic girdle in the given model.

SGD 2 OSCE GM: 327-328

Enlist functions of pelvic girdle. SGD OSCE GM: 327-328

Demonstrate the boundaries of true and false pelvis in the given model.

SGD OSCE GM: 327-328

15


Explain the bony landmarks & sites of muscular attachments on the given bone (sacrum)


Differentiate b/w male & female pelvis in the given model

SGD Viva voce GS:330, GM:331

Demonstrate the orientation of pelvic girdle.

SGD Viva voce GS:308-309

Demonstrate the features of bony pelvis in the given model


Demonstrate boundaries of pelvic inlet (superior circumference), pelvic outlet (inferior circumference), axis of


Demonstrate the internal pelvic assessments in the given model

SGD 2 Viva voce GS: 312

Justify clinical significance of different types of pelvis


Describe the type, articulations, ligaments and relations, blood supply, nerve supply & movements of joints of pelvis.

SGD Theory/ viva voce

GS:329

Describe changes with pregnancy, & with age in pelvic joints

SGD Theory/ viva voce

GS:329-330

Describe sacroiliac joint diseases SGD Theory/ viva voce

GS:329-330

Compare male & female pelvis in tabulated form.

SGD Theory GS: 330, GM:331

Enlist factors providing stability to Sacroiliac joint

SGD Viva voce GM:330-332

Explain anatomy of complications of pelvic fractures

SGD Theory GS:322

Demonstrate the line of attachment of pelvic peritoneum on the given model.

SGD 1 Viva voce GS:321, 356-376

Enumerate the structures forming pelvic diaphragm.

SGD 2 Theory GS: 318

Describe the the origin, insertion, nerve supply & actions of muscles of pelvic walls & floor


GS: 318-319

Explain the functional significance of pelvic floor in females


16


Analyze the clinical case of injury to pelvic floor

CBL Theory/ Viva voce

GS:322

22 Appraise the important anatomy relative to common clinical conditions involving the pelvic organs.

Describe location, relation, blood supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve supply of sigmoid colon


GS: 338

Describe gross anatomy of rectum regarding its relations, curvatures, blood supply, lymphatic drainage,& nerve


GS: 341-344

Correlate blood supply of rectum with the arrangement of internal hemorrhoids


GS: 344

Describe the gross features, peritoneal; covering, & internal structure of urinary bladder


GS:348-350

Identify parts of urinary bladder on the given model

SGD OSCE GS:348-350

Differentiate the relations of surrounding structures of urinary bladder in models of both genders.


Describe blood supply venous drainage and lymph drainage of urinary bladder


GS:348-350

Describe nerve supply and mechanism of micturition


GS:350

Describe the nerves involved in Spinal Cord Injury causing Atonic bladder, Automatic bladder, Autonomous bladder


GS:351

Describe the gross features, relations, blood supply, nerve supply, & innervations of vas deferens, seminal vesicles &


GS: 352, 353

Describe gross features of prostate, its lobes and its relations


GS: 353-355

Describe blood supply, nerve supply and lymphatic drainage of prostate


GS:353-355

Describe benign prostatic hyperplasia and carcinoma of prostate


GS:355

Justify the metastasis of carcinoma of head of pancreas to vertebral column & cranial


GS:866

Identify the gross features of ovaries and fallopian tubes on the given model


GS: 361, GM:382-385

Describe the blood supply, nerve supply, lymphatic drainage of ovaries and fallopian tubes


GS: 361, GM:382-385

17


Describe hysterosalpingography, ligation of uterine tubes, ectopic tubal pregnancy


GM: 391-392

Describe the parts of uterus, ligaments, relations and support of uterus


GS: 364-368

Describe the role of uterus in labour


GS:368

Describe blood supply, nerve supply, & lymphatic drainage of uterus


GS: 366-367

Analyze a case of uterine prolapse using knowledge of gross anatomy of uterus with the help of given model

CBL Theory/ Viva voce

GS: 369

Identify the relation of uterine artery and ureter in the prosected specimen & explain its clinical importance.

SGD OSCE GS: 369, GM:361

Illustrate sacral plexus showing its branches

SGD Theory GS:326

Describe coccygeal & pelvic hypogastric plexuses


GS:325-327

Demonstrate the main arteries & veins of pelvis on the given model.

SGD OSCE GS:327-329

Enumerate different groups of lymph nodes of pelvis.

SGD Theory GM: 356

Explain the role of lymphatics and common route and spread of malignancies of pelvis

SGD Viva voce

23 Appraise the important anatomy relative to common clinical conditions involving the perineum.

Define perineum. Identify its borders, relations & divisions in the given model.

SGD 2 Viva voce GS: 388GM:402, 404

Explain the boundaries of superficial and deep perineal pouches and enumerate their

SGD Theory GS: 401, 406; GM: 404, 406

Describe the cutaneous nerves of the perineum.


Define perineal body. Enlist structures attached with it. Justify its clinical importance

SGD Viva voce GS: 412,GM: 404

Describe the topography, relations, blood supply, lymphatic drainage, &


GS:388-394

Compare the gross features of external & internal hemorrhoids in tabulated form

SGD 2 Theory GS: 395, 396

Explain perianal hematoma, fissure, abscess and fistulas of anal canal.

SGD Theory/Viva voce

GS: 396

18


Describe the boundaries, contents & recesses of ischiorectal fossa


GS:394,GM: 410-411

Describe anal fissure & infection of ischiorectal fossa


GS:397,GM: 416

Explain area of anesthesia, indications, & procedure of pudendal nerve block


GS: 412

Describe the gross features of vagina including relations, blood supply, nerve supply & supports


GS:272-373

Describe prolapse of vagina, vaginal examination, culdocentesis.


GS: 373, 375

Explain gross features of all parts of male& female urethra, its arterial, venous drainage &

SGD 2 Theory/Viva voce

GS:407,409

Explain injury to different parts of male urethra and extravastion of urine


GM:415

Explain function, arterial supply, venous drainage and nerve supply of female external


GS:407-411

EMBRYOLOGY

1 Appraise the embryological basis of common congenital anomalies related with development of Foregut.

Demonstrate the folding of embryo & correlate it with the formation of primitive gut.

LGIS 1 Viva voce

EM: 72

Justify the conversion of flat trilaminar embryonic disc into a cylindrical embryo

Viva voce

Explain the development of primitive gut

Viva voce

Enlist the divisions of primitive gut along with their extent.

Theory

Enumerate the derivatives of foregut

LGIS 1 Theory EL: 225, EM: 214

Describe the development of abdominal esophagus

LGIS Theory/ viva voce

EL: 228, EM:214

Correlate the congenital anomalies of esophagus with its normal development


EL: 229, EM: 214

Justify the relocation of both vagi based on rotation of stomach during development.

LGIS 1 Theory/ viva voce

EL: 230, EM:215

Explain the formation of dorsal and ventral mesentry and structures taking origin from them in the given model.


EL: 227, EM:215, 223

19


Describe the formation of lesser sac


EL: 231, EM:215

Explain duodenal atresia by applying the knowledge of development of duodenum.


EL: 234, EM:219,221

Explain the development of liver, biliary apparatus, spleen.


EL: 236, EM:221, 222

Explain Annular pancreas by applying your knowledge of normal development of


EL: 238-239, EM: 223-225

Explain occurrence of accessory pancreatic tissue by applying your knowledge of normal


EL: 239

2 Appraise the embryological basis of common congenital anomalies related with development of Midgut

Enumerate the derivatives of midgut


EL: 339, EM:227

Demonstrate the steps of development of midgut with the help of model.

LGIS viva voce

EL: 240-242,EM: 227

Describe physiological herniation with emphasis upon rationale behind its occurrence and


EL: 240, EM: 227

Demonstrate the rotation of midgut loop with definitive positioning of mid gut derivatives

LGIS viva voce

EL: 241, EM: 227

Correlate development of midgut with following congenital abnormalities/ defects: Abnormalities of mesenteries,


EL: 243-246, EM: 230-235

3 Appraise the embryological basis of common congenital anomalies related with development of Hindgut.

Enlist derivatives of hindgut. LGIS Theory/ viva voce

EL: 247, EM: 238

Define cloaca. Describe the partitioning of cloaca and its consequences


EL: 247, EM: 238

Describe the development of anorectal canal


EL: 247, EM:240

Classify the anorectal anomalies. Correlate these anomalies with normal development of hindgut.


EL: 247, EM:240

Justify the difference in characteristics of tumors originating from superior 2/3rd & inferior 1/3rd of anal canal.


EL: 247, EM: 240

4 Appraise the embryological basis of common congenital anomalies related with development

Describe the source of urinary

system

LGIS 1 Dr Zubia

Theory/ viva voce

EL: 250,EM: 247

Enlist three models of kidney

and compare them on the basis

of evolution

LGIS Theory EL: 250-251, EM: 247-251

Explain the development of

definitive kidney in humans.


EL: 251-253, EM: 248-251

20


of kidneys and ureters

Enlist parts of uriniferous tubule

and developmental origin of

each

LGIS Theory EM: 250, EL: 250-252

Describe the role of reciprocal induction in the development of permanent kidney with


EL: 253-254

Enlist the congenital anomalies related to kidney development

LGIS Theory EL: 255-257, EM: 254-255

Explain the following clinical conditions with your knowledge of normal development of kidney: Renal tumors, Renal dysplasias, Renal agenesis & Potter Sequence, Congenital


EL: 255-257, EM: 254-255

Explain the Positional changes of the kidney


EL: 257, EM: 252

Explain the clinical conditions related to abnormal location of the kidneys with its positional changes.


EL: 257, E: 254

Describe the blood supply of kidneys


E: 252

Explain the Variations of renal vessels


EM: 253

5 Appraise the embryological basis of common congenital anomalies related with development of bladder and urethra.

Explain the development of urogenital sinus and enlist the derivatives of its different parts


EM: 259

Describe the Sources of urinary bladder and urethra


EL: 257, EM: 259

Enlist different types of urachal anomalies & explain their embryological basis

LGIS Theory EM: 259

Differentiate between the Exstrophy of Bladder and Exstrophy of Cloaca


EL: 260, EM: 259

HISTOLOGY

1 Differentiate between H&E stained slides of tubular digestive tract and explain the characteristic histological features

Describe the general structural plan of the gastrointestinal tract

LGIS 1 Dr Nomana

Theory/ viva voce

HJ: 295-297,HL: 197-199

Explain histological features of layers of GIT

Describe histological features of each layer of esophagus

HJ: 305-306,HL: 200

21


found in common clinical conditions related with it.

Enlist the important characteristics of the esophageo-gastric junctionIdentify the slide of esophagus under light microscope & draw it on the manual with hematoxylin

Practical 2 Dr Sadaf

OSCE

Differentiate between histological structure of various regions of stomach.

LGIS 2 Dr Nomana

Theory/ viva voce

HJ: 307-314,HL: 200-206

Enumerate the types of cells present in the gastric glands

Describe the cells present in epithelium lining the glands of stomach.Compare the histological structure of cardia, fundus and pylorus of stomach on the basis Differentiate between a gastric gland and pit

Identify the slide of stomach under light microscope & draw it on the manual with hematoxylin


OSCE

Describe the histological features of different parts of small intestine.

LGIS 1 Dr Nomana

Theory/ viva voce

HJ: 314-318,HL: 206-211

Explain the modifications of small intestine working as adaptive measures for carrying Enumerate the types of cells present in epithelium of small intestineDescribe the histological features of each type of cell present in small intestineDifferentiate among the slides of duodenum, jejunum & ileum under light microscope & draw them on the manual with


OSCE

Describe the histological structure of colon.

LGIS 1 Dr Nomana

Theory/ viva voce

HJ: 318-325,HL: 211-213

Justify the increase in number of goblet cells in comparison the absorptive cells down the tractIdentify the appendix on the basis of its distinguished features

Tabulate light microscopic differences between colon and appendix

Dr Sadaf

Identify the slide of colon under light microscope & draw it on the manual with hematoxylin and

Practical 2 OSCE

22


Describe the histological characteristics of anorectal regions

LGIS 1 Dr Nomana

Theory/ viva voc

HJ: 324HL: 213-214

Differentiate between histological structure of anal canal above and below the pectinate line.Explain histological features of crohn s disease, colorectal cancer ,hemorrhoids, diverticulosis.Summarize the distinguishing digestive tract features, by regions and layers.

2 Differentiate between H&E stained slides of glands associated with digestive tract and explain the characteristic histological features found in common clinical conditions related with them.

Describe the histological characteristics of pancreas

LGIS 1 Dr Nomana

Theory/ viva voc

HJ: 332-335, HL: 220-221

Compare the exocrine portion of pancreas with parotid gland

Identify the slide of pancreas under light microscope & draw it on the manual with hematoxylin


OSCE

Differentiate between H&E stained slides of pancreas & parotid glandDescribe histology characteristics of liver.

LGIS 1 Dr Nomana

Theory/ viva voc

HJ:335-345, HL: 221-228

Illustrate the three concepts/ interpretations of liver structure (with mentioning the basis/ emphasis of each concept/ Explain common liver disorders & clinical manifestations of each disorder.Describe the formation and continuity of spaces of Disse and MallIdentify the slide of liver under light microscope & draw it on the manual with hematoxylin and eosin.


OSCE

Describe the histological structure of gall bladder.

LGIS 1 Dr Nomana

Theory/ viva voc

HJ:345,346, HL: 228-229

Identify the slide of Gallbladder under light microscope & draw it on the manual with hematoxylin


OSCE

Describe the histological structure of pancreas.

LGIS 1 Dr Nomana

Theory/ viva voc

HJ:332-334

23


Identify the slide of pancreas under light microscope & draw it on the manual with hematoxylin and eosin


OSCE

Describe the histological structure of Parotid, Submandibular & Sublingual

LGIS 1 Dr Nomana

Theory/ viva voce

HJ: 329-332,HL:215-220

Differentiate between slides of salivary glands under light microscope & draw them on the manual with hematoxylin and


OSCE

3 Differentiate between H&E stained slides of urinary system and explain the characteristic histological features found in common clinical conditions related with it.

Enlist divisions of a nephron LGIS 1 Dr Nomana

Theory/ viva voce

HJ:393-410, HL: 231-246

Explain the structure of renal corpuscle

Tabulate the histological features, locations and major functions of regions within renal tubulesIdentify the histological features of kidney on a slide under microscope


OSCE

Illustrate a labeled diagram of kidney (in H&E stain) on journal.

Describe the histological structure of ureter and urinary bladder

LGIS 1 Dr Nomana

Theory/ viva voce

Differentiate between histological features of Ureter & Urinary bladder.

Identify the slides of Ureter & Urinary bladder under light microscope & draw & label them on the journal.


OSCE

Describe the histological structure of male and female urethra

LGIS 1 Dr Nomana

Theory/ viva voce

*Codes of Reference Books:

HJ: Junqueira’s basic histology, 14th ed HL: Medical histology by Laiq Hussain Siddiqui, 6th ed EM: The developing human, Clinically oriented Embryology, Keith L. Moore,

10th edition EL: Langman’s Medical Embryology, 13th edition GS: Clinical Anatomy by regions, Richard S. Snell, 8th ed

24


GM: Moore Clinically Oriented Anatomy, Keith L. Moore, 7th ed GL: Last’s Anatomy, 12th ed

Curriculum (Physiology) 1st module 2nd year MBBS (Y2M1) 2018-2019

S.No

LEARNING OUTCOMES LEARNING OBJECTIVES MIT

Time allocated (hrs)

Name of instructor

Mode of assessment





1Basics Of GIT

Physiology

Know the physiologic anatomyofgastrointestinal

LGIS 0.5 Dr. Asma Jabeen

Theory/ Viva Voce

2 Understandtheroleofintestinalcellsofcajalinthe


Theory/ Viva Voce

3

Nervous Regulation Of GIT

Knowtheentericnervoussystemanditsrolein control ofG.I function

Differentiatebetween

LGIS 1 Dr. Asma Jabeen

Theory/ Viva Voce

4 Explaintheautonomiccontr

LGIS Dr. Asma Jabeen

Theory/ Viva Voce

5

ChewingReflex

Explain importanceofchewing

Know t


Theory/ Viva Voce

6

SwallowingReflex

Describethe processof swallowing and understanddifferentphasesof swallowingreflex

Understand different steps occurring in the


Theory/ Viva Voce

25


7.

Achlasia

Describe enteric nervous system.

Discuss peristalsis, law of gut and its significance.

Describe the normal swallowing process

Discuss the role of esophageal peristalsis in normal swallowing.

Describe the innervation of lower

SGD 2 Dr. Somya, Dr. Khalid, Dr. Faiza, Dr.Atayyab, Dr. Maryam

Theory/ Viva Voce

8

GI Motility

Know the mechanism of different types of peristalsis in esophagus


Theory/ Viva Voce

9 Know the role of basic electrical rhythm in regulation of G.I


Theory/ Viva Voce

10 Functions Of Stomach

Categorize different functions of stomach


Theory/ Viva Voce

11

Stomach Emptying

Understandtheprocess ofstomachemptying


Theory/ Viva Voce

12 Explainthedifferentfactorsregulating


Theory/ Viva Voce

13

Secretions Of Stomach

Knowsecretion ofdifferenthormonestak


Theory/ Viva Voce

14 Explaindifferentstepstakingplacein thesecretion of hydrochloric acidinstomach


Theory/ Viva Voce

15

Functions OfSmall Intestine

Categorizedifferenttypesofmovements taking


Theory/ Viva Voce

16 Understandroleof ileocecalvalve


Theory/ Viva Voce

17 Understandsecretoryfunctionsof


Theory/ Viva Voce

18 Functions Movements And

Categorizedifferentfunctionsoflarge intestine


Theory/ Viva Voce

26


Secretin OfLarge Intestine

19 Explaindifferenttypesofmovements taking


Theory/ Viva Voce

20 Understand the role of gastrocolic and duodenocolicreflexes


Theory/ Viva Voce

21 Secretoryfunctionsoflargeintestineand its


Theory/ Viva Voce

22

Defecation Reflex

Explain theprocessof defecation


Theory/ Viva Voce

23 Understandthepathway ofdefecation reflex


Theory/ Viva Voce

24

Defecation Reflex

Knowdifferent typesof defecationreflex


Theory/ Viva Voce

25 Knowthepathophysiological basisof


Theory/ Viva Voce

26

VomitingReflex

Understandthefactorsleadingtotheprocessof


Theory/ Viva Voce

27 explain thevomitingreflex


Theory/ Viva Voce

28 explainthelocationofvomitingcenter inthebrain and


Theory/ Viva Voce

29

GI Secretions

Categorize the different types of G.I hormones

Understand the secretion of different


Theory/ Viva Voce

30

Functions of Liver

categorizedifferent functions ofliver

k


Theory/ Viva Voce

31 understandtheroleofliverinthemetabolismof


Theory/ Viva Voce

32

Body Fluid Compartments

Tobeabletoexplaintotalbodywatercontentandits distribution in

LGIS 1 Dr. Sumaira Iqbal

Theory/ Viva Voce

33 Tobeabletoquantify daily intakeandoutput of water frombody

LGIS Dr. Sumaira Iqbal

Theory/ Viva Voce

34 To understandthefluidpresent inthepotential


Theory/ Viva Voce

35 Toknowtheioniccomposition ofECF andICF


Theory/ Viva Voce

27


36

Water Balance

Understand the basic principles of osmosis and osmoticpressure

Knowthemechanismofm


Theory/ Viva Voce

37 ExplainwhatwouldbetheeffectonICF andECFcompartmentsw


Theory/ Viva Voce

38

Edema

Understand the role of starling forces in the development/


Theory/ Viva Voce

39 Describeroleof lymphatics inpreventionofedema


Theory/ Viva Voce

40 Understandsafetyfactoranditsrolein


Theory/ Viva Voce

41 Describethecausesofintracellularedema and


Theory/ Viva Voce

42Basics Of Renal

Physiology

Knowthe functionalanatomyof urinarysystem

Understandthemultiplefunctions


Theory/ Viva Voce

43

Micturition

Knowthe physiologyofmicturitio


Theory/ Viva Voce

44 Learn the physiologic anatomy and nervous


Theory/ Viva Voce

45 Understandthefillingofthebladderandbladder


Theory/ Viva Voce

46 Explain the micturition reflex and facilitation orinhibitionofmicturitio


Theory/ Viva Voce

47 Toknow abouttheabnormalities


Theory/ Viva Voce

48

GFR And Its Regulation

Understand the processes involved in urine formationresultingfro


Theory/ Viva Voce

49 Knowthecompositionoftheglomerularfiltrate


Theory/ Viva Voce

50 Understandthedeterminants of theGFR


Theory/ Viva Voce

51 Understandthephysiologicalcontrolofglomerul


Theory/ Viva Voce

28


52 KnowtheautoregulationofGFRandrenalblood


Theory/ Viva Voce

53 Describereabsorptionandsecretionby


Theory/ Viva Voce

54 Understand the passive and active mechanisms involved in


Theory/ Viva Voce

55 Understandthereabsorptionandsecretionalong different parts of

LGIS 1.5 Dr. Sumaira Iqbal

Theory/ Viva Voce

56 Learnabout theregulation of tubularreabsorption


Theory/ Viva Voce

57

Processing Of Glomerular Filtrate

Knowabouttheregulationofinternalpotassiu


Theory/ Viva Voce

58 Understand the potassiumsecretion byprincipal cellsof latedistaland


Theory/ Viva Voce

59 Explaindifferentfactorsthatregulate potassiumsecretion:plasmapotassiumconcentra


Theory/ Viva Voce

60

Regulation Of B.P

Know about the role of kidneys in pressure natriuresis


Theory/ Viva Voce

61 Understand the renal regulation of body fluid


Theory/ Viva Voce

62 Understandroleof nervousandhormonal factors in renal-body


Theory/ Viva Voce

63

Nephritic Syndrome

Defineglomerularfiltrationrate.

Describehow itcanbemeasured,andlist the majorfactorsaffectingit.

Defineautoregulationandlistthemajor theoriesadvancedtoexplainautoregulation inthe kidneys.

SGD 2 Dr. Somia, Dr. Khalid, Dr. Faiza, Dr. Reema, Dr. Maryam

Theory/ Viva Voce

29


64

Regulation Of Osmolarity

knowthecontrolofextracellularfluidosmolarity a


Theory/ Viva Voce

65 knowtheosmoreceptor-ADHfeedbacksystem


Theory/ Viva Voce

66 understand the role of thirst in controlling extracellular fluid


Theory/ Viva Voce

67 Understand the role of angiotensin II and aldosteroneincontrollingextracellularfluidosm


Theory/ Viva Voce

68

Formation Of Dilute And Concentrated

Urine

Understandtheobligatory urinevolume


Theory/ Viva Voce

69 Understandthemechanism of formation of


Theory/ Viva Voce

70 Know about the requirements for excreting a concentrated urine—high ADH


Theory/ Viva Voce

71 Understand the countercurrent mechanism producingahyperosmotic renalmedullaryinterstiti


Theory/ Viva Voce

72 Knowtheroleofdistaltubuleandcollectingductsi


Theory/ Viva Voce

73 Understandtheroleofureainhyperosmoticrenal m


Theory/ Viva Voce

74 Understandthecountercurrentexchangeinthevasa


Theory/ Viva Voce

75 Explaintheconcentratingmechanismand c


Theory/ Viva Voce

76 Quantifyrenalurineconcentrationand d


Theory/ Viva Voce

77 Knowaboutthedisordersofurinaryconcentratin


Theory/ Viva Voce

30


78

Plasma Clearance

Knowthe use of clearancemethods toquantify


Theory/ Viva Voce

79 KnowaboutestimationofGFRbyinulinclearanc


Theory/ Viva Voce

80 UnderstandPAHclearanceforestimationofren


Theory/ Viva Voce

81 Understandthecalculationof filtrationfraction,


Theory/ Viva Voce

82

Acid Base Balance

Know the defensesagainstchangesinhydrogenion


Theory/ Viva Voce

83 Knowthebufferingofhydrogenionsinthebody


Theory/ Viva Voce

84 Understand the bicarbonate buffer system and quantitative

LGIS Dr. Sumaira Iq1bal

Theory/ Viva Voce

85 Understandthephosphatebuffersystem,protei


Theory/ Viva Voce

86 Explaintherespiratoryregulationofacid-


Theory/ Viva Voce

87 Understandrenalcontrolofacid-basebalanceand secretionof hydrogen ionsandreabsorptionof


Theory/ Viva Voce

88 Understand the combination ofexcesshydrogen ions with phosphate and ammonia buffers in the tubule—


Theory/ Viva Voce

89

Acid Base Disorders

KnowtheRenalCorrectionofacidosis—increased excretionofhydrogenion


Theory/ Viva Voce

90 Knowtherenalcorrectionofalkalosis—decreased t


Theory/ Viva Voce

91 Understandcausesof acid basedisorders


Theory/ Viva Voce

92 Understandconceptofanion gap


Theory/ Viva Voce

31


93

Metabolic Disorders

Describe basisofacidbaseregulationinhuman body.

List various renalandrespiratory mechanismsforacidbaseregulation.

Elaborate various e

SGD 2 Dr.Reema, Dr. Khalid, Dr. Faiza, Dr. Reema, Dr. Maryam

Theory/ Viva Voce

Diuretics Know the mechanism

and site of action of Diuretics

LGIS 0.5 Dr. Somia Iqbal

Theory/ Viva Voce

94

Renal Failure

Know the causes, presentation and treatment of acute

LGIS 1 Dr. Somia Iqbal

Theory/ Viva Voce

95 Know the mechanism of renal injury

LGIS 0.5 Dr. Somia Iqbal

Theory/ Viva Voce

96 Enumerate the causes of acute and chronic renal failure.

Explain pathophysiology of the various signs and symptoms listed.

Explain the physiological basis of variations in findings given in the lab report.

SGD 2 Dr. Reema, Dr. Khalid, Dr. Faiza, Dr. Reema, Dr. Maryam

Theory/ Viva Voce

97How To Read A Research Paper

Consultationof research paperatundergraduate level

SGD 2 Dr. Ayisha QureshiDr. Sumera Gul

OSPE

98 General Physical Examination

Examination of General Physical Examination

SGD 2 Dr. Atayyab Shaukat

OSPE

99Body Temperature

Recording of body Temperature

SGD 2 Dr. Faiza Riaz

OSPE

100 Urine SpecificGravity

Determination of urine specificgravity

SGD 2 Dr. Maryam Nasim

OSPE

101 Body Mass Index(Bmi)

Examination of Body Mass Index(BMI)

SGD 2 Dr. Reema Munir

OSPE

102Superficial Reflexes

Examination of Superficial Reflexes

SGD 2 Dr. Khalid Jamil

OSPE

103Deep Reflexes

Examination of Deep Reflexes

SGD 2 Dr. Somia Iqbal

OSPE

32


Curriculum (Biochemistry) 1st module 2nd year MBBS (Y2M1) 2018-2019

S.No

LEARNING OBJECTIVES LEARNING OUTCOMES MIT

Time allo-

cated (hrs)

Name of

instructor

Mode of assessme

nt Source of

Learning*

By the end of session, the learner should be able to:

By the end of session, the learner should be able to:



1. Understand the chemistry of Gastrointestinal secretions, digestion and absorption of macromolecules and biochemical disorders of GIT.

Explain basic concepts of digestion and absorption

LGIS/CBL 1 Theory MBMI205

Describe composition, functions, daily secretion, stimulants and depressants of saliva, gastric juices and HCl

LGIS/CBL 1 Theory MBMI205-220

Elaborate composition, functions, daily secretion, stimulants and depressants of pancreatic juice, bile and


Illustrate the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

LGIS/CBL 3 Theory MBMI234-245LB 86-88,LB

Understand and elaborate the enzymes involved in above mentioned digestions and

1 Theory MBMI234-245

Comprehend the biochemical disorders of GIT (achlorohydria, peptic ulcer, lactose intolerance, cholelithiasis) and underneath


Describe the hormones of GIT LGIS/CBL 1/2 Theory MBMI249-254

33


2. Comprehend secondary metabolism of Glucose

Describe Phases and reactions of Glycolysis

LGIS/CBL 1 Theory LB96-103

Comprehend Energetics of Aerobic and Anaerobic Glycolysis and their importance

LGIS/CBL 1/2 Theory LB103-104Explain Regulation of Glycolysis LGIS/CBL 1/2 Theory LB104-105Illustrate Cori’s cycle LGIS/CBL 1/2 Theory LB117-118Describe Fate of Pyruvate LGIS/CBL 1/2 Theory LB105

Describe Reactions of TCA/Kreb’s cycle

LGIS/CBL 1 Theory LB109-113Explain Energetics, Regulation

and importance of TCA cycleLGIS/CBL 1 Theory LB

113-114Illustrate Amphibolic nature of

TCA cycleLGIS/CBL 1 Theory LB

110-113Describe Steps and three

important bypass reactions of Gluconeogenesis

LGIS/CBL 1/3 Theory LB117-121Comprehend Entrance of amino

acids, intermediates of TCA cycle and other nutrients into Gluconeogenesis as glucogenic

LGIS/CBL 1/3 Theory LB117-118

Describe Regulations and Significance of Gluconeogenesis


Explain Glycogen metabolism LGIS/CBL 1/2 Theory LB125-134

Illustrate Reactions of Glycogenolysis and Glycogenesis

LGIS/CBL 1/2 Theory LB126-131Describe Importance of UDP-

GlucoseLGIS/CBL 1/2 Theory LB

127

Describe Regulatory mechanism of Glycogen Synthase and Glycogen Phosphorylase


34


Describe Disorders of Glycogen metabolism

LGIS/CBL 1/2 Theory LB129,130, 134HTM

Explain Secondary Pathways of Carbohydrates (Hexose Monophosphate Pathway& Glucuronic acid Pathway)


Describe Reactions And Importance of Hexose Monophosphate Pathway and Glucuronic acid Pathway

LGIS/CBL 1.5 Theory LB137-143

3. Describe secondary metabolism of disaccharides and monosaccaharid

Comprehend Metabolism of fructose, galactose, mannose and disaccharides (Lactose) and their disorders

LGIS/CBL 1 Theory LB145-155

4. Illustrate regulation of blood glucose level and diabetes mellitus

Describe Normal Blood Glucose Level, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia, and mechanisms involved in blood glucose

LGIS/CBL 1/2 Theory/ OSCE

LB307-318

Correlate Diabetes mellitus- Its types, biochemistry, laboratory findings and diagnosis

LGIS/CBL/ Practical

1/2 Theory/ OSCE

LB337-3465. Understand

biochemical significance of water, fluids homeostatsis, electrolyte balance and acid base homeostasis in human body

Illustrate Distribution of water in human body

LGIS/CBL 2 Theory HTM562-563

Describe Functions of water in human body

LGIS/CBL 2 Theory HTM562-569Describe Regulation of water

balanceLGIS/CBL 2 Theory HTM

562-569Comprehend Role of kidneys in

water and electrolyte balanceLGIS/CBL 2 Theory HTM

562-569Describe Hypernatremia,

hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, hypokalemia, magnesium

LGIS/CBL/ Practical

1 Theory/ OSCE

HTM563-569Explain Acid base balance LGIS/CBL 1 Theory HTM1-17

Describe Mechanism of acid base regulation

LGIS/CBL/ Practical

1 Theory/ OSCE

HTM1-17

Illustrate Disorders of acid base balance

LGIS/CBL/ Practical

1 Theory/ OSCE

HTM18-24

35


3. Time Table

36


37

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