Study GuideChapter 5 section 3

Chapter 6

Question #1

Q: There are two types of reproduction, what are they?

A: 1. Asexual

2. Sexual

Question # 2

Q: There are two major differences between asexual and sexual reproduction. What are the differences?

A: 1. Asexual - one parent and identical

traits as the parents.

2. Sexual - has two parents and a

combination of traits from the two parents.

Question # 3

Q: Most of the cells in your body reproduce by a process called __________.

A: Mitosis

Question # 4

Q: What are the parent cells in sexual reproduction called?

A: Sex Cells

1. Sperm

2. Egg

Question # 5

Q: When two chromosomes carry the exact same gene sequence, what are they called?

A: Homologous Chromosomes

Question # 6

Q: What process produces sex cells?

A: Meiosis

Question # 7

Q: What is the end result of meiosis?

A: Four sex cells with half the number of chromosomes

Question # 8

Q: If a parent cell has 36 chromosomes, what will the process of meiosis produce? (tell the type of cell produced, how many cells result, and the number of chromosomes in each).

A: Four eggs w/ 18 chromosomes each or four sperms w/ 18 chromosomes each

Question # 9

Q: If a parent cell has 16 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would his sperm have?

A: 8

Question # 10

Q: Where are genes found/located?

A: On the chromosome

Question # 11

Q: How is the sex of a child determined?

A: The father carries the XY chromosome that determines the sex of the child. If the father gives an X to the female allele, it will be a girl; if the father gives a Y to the female allele, it will be a boy.

Question # 12

Q: What allele pair does the female carry?

A: XX

Question # 13

Q: What allele pair does the male carry?

A: XY

Question # 14

Q: Some diseases attach to the X chromosome of the female. What are these diseases called?

A: Sex linked genetic disorders

Question # 15

Q: Why does colorblindness occur most often in males?

A: It is usually carried by the female and is a recessive trait so it usually is only passed on to a male child.

Question # 16

• Q: Show the symbol for the following parts of a pedigree:

A:– Male – square – Female - circle– Has no signs of the disease because it carries two dominant

alleles – Square/Circle not colored in– Carries the disease but does not have it - Square/Circle half

colored in– Has the disease because it carries two recessive alleles -

Square/Circle ALL colored in– Couples – horizontal lines– Brothers and sisters (children) – vertical lines– Different generations – numbers to the left of the pedigree

Question # 17

Q: What is the purpose of a pedigree?

A: A tool used to detect traits that are passed down through generations

Question # 18

Q: What is the following an example of? – dairy farmer collects data on his herd of cows for how much milk

each produces. Two cows in particular produce large quantities of milk. The farmer breeds these two cows with his bull in order to have offspring that will produce large amounts of milk.

A: Selective Breeding

Question # 19

Q: Put these words in order of size (small to large): nucleus, chromosome, cell, and gene.

A: Gene, Chromosome, Nucleus, Cell

Question # 20

Q: How are sex cells different from body cells?

A: Sex cells have ½ the # of chromosomes

Question # 21

Q: If you were the carrier of a genetic disease, how could genetic counseling help you prepare for the future?

A: 1. Genetic counseling could help to prepare the family for problems associated with the disease2. Allow parents to make decisions in regards to having children (have children naturally or adopt), 3. Seek proper medical attention to prevent early onset of the disease4. Learn how to best live with the disease

Question # 22

Q: If a mouse’s tail is cut off as it escapes from a cat, explain what the offspring’s tail would look like?

A: The offspring would have a normal tail.

Question # 23

Q: If a scientist is looking to choose a specific mate for an organism to produce a desirable trait, what is this process called?

A: Selective breeding

Question # 24

Q: Where are chromosomes located in the cell?

A: In the nucleus.

Question # 25

Q: What are chromosomes made of?

A: Microscopic threadlike strands of DNA

Question # 26

Q: What does DNA stand for?

A: Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question # 27

Q: What is the basic function of the DNA?

A: To control the production of proteins within the cell

Question # 28

Q: What is the relationship of a gene and DNA?

A: A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein & trait.

Question # 29

Q: What scientists found the structure for DNA?

A: James Watson & Francis Crick

Question # 30

Q: What does DNA look like?

A: Twisted ladder/Double Helix

Question # 31

• Q: Each part of the ladder of DNA is made up of a different chemical. Tell the chemical for each of the parts of the ladder:

A: 1. The sides of the ladder – sugar (deoxyribose)& phosphates

2. Rungs of the ladder – adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Question # 32

Q: What is the “Base-Pair Rule?”

A: 1. A pairs with T

2. C pairs with G

Question # 33

Q: What is a nucleotide made up of?

A: A sugar, a phosphate, one of the four bases

Question # 34

Q: What holds together the two sides of the DNA ladder?

A: Hydrogen Bonds

Question # 35

Q: Where are proteins made?

A: In Ribosomes

Question # 36

Q: What chemical is needed to read the code of the DNA and tell the ribosomes what proteins to make?

A: Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question # 37

Q: Why is messenger RNA needed in a cell?

A: mRNA is needed to carry messages through the nuclear membrane pores to the ribosomes about what proteins to make from the DNA because DNA is too big to fit through the pores of the nucleus.

Question # 38

Q: DNA is referred to as the “blueprint” of the cell? Why is it referred to in this way?

A: DNA is referred to as the “blueprint” of the cell because it tells the cell how to build an organism

Question # 39

Q: Using figure one on page 144, draw the four nucleotides of DNA.

A:

Question # 40

Q: Draw the shape of a strand of DNA.

A: