Study Guide for Chapter 16: The Lymphatic System and Immunity

1. What are the four functions of the lymphatic system?

A. B. C. D.

2. How does the lymphatic system differ from the circulatory system?

3. What is the difference between lymph and interstitial fluid?

4. Know the origin and passage of lymph (beginning with blood in capillaries and ending with the subclavian veins).

AB. C. D. E. F. G.

5. How does lymph flow?

A. B.C.

6. What is the main collecting duct for lymph?

Where does it dump the lymph:and what parts of the body does it drain?

7. What is the other lymphatic duct?

Where does it dump lymph?

What parts of the body does it drain?

8. What are lymphatic nodules?

How do they differ from lymph nodes?

What are some examples?

9. What are the four lymphatic organs?

A. B. C. D.

Which are primary and which are secondary?

Why?

10. Where is the thymus gland located?

What is its function?

What happens to it as an individual ages?

11. What are lymph nodes?

Where are they located?

What is their function?

12. What is the difference between afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels?

How is one way flow of lymph maintained?

13. Lymph nodes are important because they are sites for proliferation of__________________ and _________________.

14. How do nodes clean up lymph?

15. What is the largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body?

16. What are three functions of the spleen?

A. B. C.

17. Where are the tonsils located?

What are the three types?

A. B. C.

Be able to label a diagram with the locations of the different tonsils?

18. What is the function of tonsils?

Are they composed of lymph nodes or nodules?

19. During fetal development, where do lymph vessels and lymph nodes arise from?

20. What is the difference between.susceptibility and resistance?

21. What are six non-specific disease resistance mechanisms?

A.B.C. D. E. F.

Which is the body/s first line of defense?

22. What is the difference between specific and non-specific disease resistance?

23. What are eight mechanical lines of defense associated with the skin and mucus membranes?

A. B.C. D. E.F. G. H.

24. What are the functions and sites of production of the following chemical lines of defense?

A. Sebum

B. Lysozyme

C. Hyaluronic acid

D. "Gastric juice

25. What is interferon an example of?

How does it work and what does it work against?

26. What is phagocytosis and what cells perform it?

27. What are the beneficial functions of inflammation?

28. What are the four stages of inflammation?

A.B. C. D.

29. What substances are involved in inflammation?

A. B. C.

30. What is pus?

31. What is fever?

What causes it?

Why is fever beneficial?

When does it become a problem?

32. What is immunity?

33. Formation of what two cell types are involved in immune responses?

Where is each type produced?

Where does each type mature?

34. What is immunocompetence?

What is involved?

35. What are the two types of immune responses?

A. B.

36. What cells are involved in cell-mediated immunity?

What types of pathogens is it effective against?

It always involves ________________ attacking _________________.

37. What cells are involved in antibody-mediated immunity?

What types of pathogens is it effective against?

How is the pathogen destroyed?

38. What are antigens?

They are usually what type of molecule?

How are they recognized?

. 39. The immune system can recognize about a billion different antigen determinants even though the human genome contains only about 100,000 different genes. How can this be?

40. What are major'histocompatibility complexes (HMCs)?

How are they involved in organ and tissue transplants?

How do they function in immune responses?

What are the two classes of MHCs and which cells have them?

A. B.

41. What are antigen-presenting cells?

What types of cells do they include?

A. B. C.

42. What are the steps in processing and presenting antigen by antigen presenting cells?

A. B.C. D. E.F. G.

43. What are antibodies?

What cells produce them?

51. What are five ways that antibodies work?

A. B.C. D. E.

52. What are memory B cells?

What is their function?

53. What accounts for immunological memory?

Why is it important?

54. Know what causes the following disorders:

A. AIDS

B. Autoimmune disorders (know some examples)

C. Lupus

D. Allergies