Study of non-linear inductance historical review Table of Contents Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 2 Theory...................................................................................................................................................2 Early simulation attempts..................................................................................................................... 2 LTSpice models.................................................................................................................................... 3 Variable inductor.................................................................................................................................. 4 First results........................................................................................................................................... 5 Simulating self powered device.......................................................................................................6 Testing looped flyback.....................................................................................................................6 With two E cores..............................................................................................................................9 With one E core............................................................................................................................. 10 Conclusions....................................................................................................................................14 Searching for the real “actor”............................................................................................................. 15 Historical note - Tape recorders..................................................................................................... 15 HF bias and BH curve....................................................................................................................16 Conceptual devices........................................................................................................................ 19 Adding HF to looped flyback........................................................................................................ 20 Looped flyback with HF shorting.................................................................................................. 23 Shorting separate coil.....................................................................................................................24 Afterword........................................................................................................................................... 26 FE R&D group https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/ferd/info 2018 1
Transcript
Study of non-linear inductance
historical review
Table of ContentsIntroduction..........................................................................................................................................2Theory...................................................................................................................................................2Early simulation attempts.....................................................................................................................2LTSpice models....................................................................................................................................3Variable inductor..................................................................................................................................4First results...........................................................................................................................................5
Simulating self powered device.......................................................................................................6Testing looped flyback.....................................................................................................................6With two E cores..............................................................................................................................9With one E core.............................................................................................................................10Conclusions....................................................................................................................................14
Searching for the real “actor”.............................................................................................................15Historical note - Tape recorders.....................................................................................................15HF bias and BH curve....................................................................................................................16Conceptual devices........................................................................................................................19Adding HF to looped flyback........................................................................................................20Looped flyback with HF shorting..................................................................................................23Shorting separate coil.....................................................................................................................24
FE R&D grouphttps://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/ferd/info
2018
1
Introduction
One of first ideas of Free Energy device I stumble upon was system based on non-linear inductance.This kind of systems often called parameter variation based system. Over many years I have been developing this concept, starting from theory and simulations. Slowly coming to something which can be tried and observed in a lab. Here I present theory, simulations and experiments which I consider successful. Some of these experiments were already published in 2014, but the are also new ones. Also I try present several possible ways for further developing of this idea. Putting everything in one document gives good overview of the concept.
Theory
Lets consider two identical coils wound on two ferro magnetic cores. Let’s assume that each coil has inductance L. Now if we put cores close together and connect coils in series we get coil with inductance 4L.
pic. Non-linear inductance concept (mechanical)
Theoretically we can build system to produce energy e.g. we energies coils separately and de-energies together (BTW energized coils attracts). Calculation suggests that energy doubles in each such cycle.
Early simulation attempts
First simulation attempts were made by solving numerically differential equations for the circuit. I made small Java application which draw simulation results.
2
pic. Example - simulating system with non-linear inductance
This described in much details in fe_reserch2.pdf page 1- which can be downloaded from here:https://ferd041.files.wordpress.com/2016/07/fe_research2.pdfJava application can be found in group files archive.
LTSpice models
Occasionally I learned about LTSpice and made several models there. It is much easier and one can explore effects in more details. Here one of such models.
It appeared that it is not enough to have non-linearity (e.g. transformer working close to core saturation region is non-linear). But it is important that this non-linearity is different for magnetization and de-magnetization.
More models can be found in fe_reserch2.pdf page 12-18.
Variable inductor
Than I learned about magnetic amplifiers and electrically controlled variable inductors. There manydifferent core topologies. I have selected one of the simplest which can be built using two identical cores.
pic. Variable inductor – good candidate to implement non-mechanical device
Now I got all required components to build something real. It took quite a while but eventually I gotit :)
4
First results
pic. Experiment’s schematic
pic. Experimental setup
To make observation easier I use P channel MOSFET, so all coils connected to the ground with one wire.
top — voltage on variable inductorbottom — inductance control
Notice increased voltage on inductor synchronously with control signal
5
Simulating self powered device
Let’s consider this circuit.First we connect coil to power supply. Some magnetic field build up. Then we disconnect power supply and “collect” collapsing field using another coil and return energy back to power supply.I call this setup “looped flyback”. It can be used e.g. to measure losses in ferrite core.
Now, what if we try manipulate coils inductance during field collapse?
Here shown simplified test setup with flyback on variable inductors. Each coil separated in two and additional pair of control coils added.
Setup powered from capacitor which connected to power supply through diode. There is additional current return path through LED. If voltage on capacitor became higher than power supply voltage LED will light up. And the more current going back to power supply the brighter LED will be.
Testing looped flyback
To begin with I simply try the principle of field compression.
6
pic. Looped flyback on bread board
Two ring cores T35 25/10 3x20turns mu = 6000 inductance of one coil about 2.5 mH
top - driverbottom - on the driver drain
with 1us driver pulses power consumption of setup 220ua, with 25us - 2.6ma
compression switched off
top - driverbottom - control of the second switch
7
top - driverbottom - second switch drain (control winding)
this is without a diode in parallel to control winding
in this mode, it is possible to find the duration of the compression pulse at which the current of consumption drops to 60 ua.
With some trial and error method I found this setup – diode and small resistor added in parallel to control coils *)With a short-circuiting diode a very small compression pulse is sufficient for the circuit to go to the OU mode. Voltage on the capacitorrises above the power source and the LED lights up :)
For testing I tried to power the “compressor circuit” from the power supply of the flyback - naturally, in this version OU mode is not show up.
*) First modification worked without resistorin series with a short-circuiting diode. But later, for some reason setup refused to work without it. Current through control coils refused to drop, it is completely unclear what has changed: (
8
With two E cores
pic. Trying E cores
I tried coils on E cores ETD29. I can’t make work in OU mode E27 with a gap at all.E87 without a gap works, but much worse than a ring cores. It seems that core gap spoils everything.I tried change compression part switch to flyback mode as well as the main part - it does not workand it is unclear why. So after all these exercises I have even more questions without answers even before :)
Capturing all scope traces once again, in hope understand better what is going on here.
pic. Big core used as a current sensor
9
top - driverbottom - control
top - driverbottom - current through control coils
With one E core
Earlier some people reported variable inductor setups with one E core. I decided try it in my looped flyback experiment.
I thought that probably on one E core could also work.
Experiment shows that with side windings connected in series it does not work at all, fieldof middle coil only gets in the way, no compression effect.
If side windings connected in opposite directions it works, but it turns out that two sources seem to be just summed up and that’s it, no compression
10
pic. Experiment with one E core
Nevertheless, if I use middle leg for the flyback and the side windings are connected in series for compression (pic. 2) it works. It does not even need a diode with a resistor in parallel to the control coils.
pic.2 Swaped flyback and control coils
11
pic. Using old trafo for non-linear inductance experiments
top – driverbottom - control
top – driverbottom – voltage on the control coils
12
top – drivebottom – flyback secondary
top – drivebottom – flyback secondary (compression switched off)
top – drivebottom – flyback secondary
The compressor’s pulse is shifted slightly to the right - it does not affect the output,the main thing is that the pulse width of the compressor is sufficiently wide (?)
13
Conclusions
pic. Looped flyback setup with new pulse generator
Despite some positive results I have feeling that I do not understand something. Small changes in setup (e.g. core consists of two parts with tiny gap in between) make dramatic effect on setup behavior and can result in non working device.Why diode across control coils needed ? Why behavior of setup changes from time to time ? Surely, I have to learn lots more things :)
14
Searching for the real “actor”
It’s all very nice, but if we want get real working FE device we have to find a way to manipulate inductance with minimal energy. I think that it is more or less straightforward in mechanical setup. But what about solid state ? There are several ideas I have.
Historical note - Tape recorders
With advance in electronics, most of devices nowadays became digital and good old days analog stuff became forgotten.
Biasing
High fidelity tape recording requires a high frequency biasing signal to be applied to the tape head along with the signal to "stir" the magnetization of the tape and make sure each part of the signal has the same magnetic starting conditions for recording. This is because magnetic tapes are very sensitive to their previous magnetic history, a property called hysteresis.
A magnetic "image" of a sound signal can be stored on tape in the form of magnetized iron oxide or chromium dioxide granules in a magnetic emulsion. The tiny granules are fixed on a polyester film base, but the direction and extent of their magnetization can be changed to record an input signal from a tape head.
Here an attempt simulate effect of HF “biasing” on BH curve.
pic. LTSpice Model
pic. No HF
16
pic. Adding 1KHz
pic. Adding 2KHz
17
pic. Adding 4KHz
pic. Adding 8KHz
Addition of high-frequency “bias” allows change a little shape of the BH curve. The higher frequency the more significant this change.
18
Conceptual devices
It is interesting to try to make HF oscilations without a second power source.There is hope that high-frequency oscillations will help to transform the energy of the motion of domains that is not used in “normal” flyback setup.
Also we can try use resonance in the control coils to compress the field during its collapse phase.However it is a open question whether the control winding can resonate well.
We can use high-frequency pumping to create a parametric resonance. There is hope that at each clock cycle of HF there will be multiplication.Something similar I already tried, but that time the frequencies were the same and the pumpingwas continuous (here only 2 quarters of the period).
19
Adding HF to looped flyback
Power in Power out
20
pic. Experimental setup — adding HF to looped flyback
HF “biasing” reduces inductance and is filtered by a choke from low frequency.
pic. Experimental setup
With such schematic it is not very convenient to observe signals, so I changed it so that third coil has one wire connected to ground.
21
pic. Updated schematic
No HF HF on
More pictures in fe_reserch2.pdf page 37-41 which can be downloaded from here:https://ferd041.files.wordpress.com/2016/07/fe_research2.pdf
Idea is try shorting secondary winding with HF during core de-magnetization. This could inducesome HF oscillations and help power extraction.
pic. Experimental setup, using isolated switch with own power supply
23
pic. without shorting
top - driverbottom – voltage on secondary
pic. with “shoritng”
top - driverbottom – voltage on secondary
The output pulse becomes a little longer, but voltage on capacitor does not increase,may shorting time is too small
Shorting separate coil
Tried also variant with extra coil (2turns)Don’t see any improvements so far...
24
pic. Ring core T38 with a small and large winding
Also tried 3F3 core. Results are approximately the same. There is a spike at the end, but it is not clear what is it.
top – driver current Rs=0.3 ohmbottom - on a capacitor
top – driver currentbottom - on secondary winding
25
Afterword
I am cautiously optimistic about feasibility of non-linear inductor device. My recent findings about independent behavior of fields even inside ferromagnetic cores in linear region give more hope that HF “bias” can give positive results.
