THE REAL QUESTION OF THE HOUR ?

Example: U.S. HistoryWhen became

industrial, fewer kids/familyLowered infant

mortalityNo need to rely on

children’s laborMore

opportunities for women

Happened without birth control

Ford Motor assembly linehttp://websupport1.citytech.cuny.edu/Faculty/pcatapano/lectures_us2/Model_T_Assembly_Line.jpg

Asia: 6.4 Billion

China:: 1.3 BillionIndia: : 1.1 Billion

Africa: 885 MillionAmericas: 875

MillionEurope:: 727

MillionOceana: 32 Million

http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/livestocksystems/images/7220f03.gif

High Investment High Standard of Living High Population Growth Low Standard of

Living Divergence of per capita Incomes: 1800–

1950.

6-5

Things are good and getting better: Worldwide standard of

living Education Health Trade

People are an asset. Population causes

shortages which raise prices, stimulating

entrepreneurs to satisfy the shortages.

We end up better off as a result.

Julian Simon

Lets See………

Progress

Population stimulates economy: progress. We are all better off

Poor

Elite

Elite

Poor

Adoption and spread of agriculture have trapped humanity in a spiral of Population growth Ecological destruction Social tyranny.

The problem stems from the anti-ecological culture (religion) of agricultural societies

humans believe they are above and not part of nature (global ecosystem)

and therefore can destroy it at will.

Civilization is based on Agriculture

Hunters & Gatherers

Agriculture

Population GrowthTechnology

Conquest for land

Food production

Culture

Expanding population & environmental destruction

Elite

Poor

Agriculture, Anti-Ecological Religion

Social Tyranny

Wealth Resources

Over-Population, Ecological Destruction

Root Causes

Inequity

Poor Over-Population

Ecological Destruction

Elite

Wealth

= Root Cause

http://shoesforhumanity.org/images/graph.gif

50 male 50 female

61 Asians 13 Africans 12 Europeans 9 Latin Americans 5 USA and Canada 1 South Pacific

75 nonwhite 25 white

67 non-Christian 33 Christian

60 mistrust their own governments

(Source: Family Care Foundation; 100 people.org)

47 are urban dwellers 15 live in urban slums

33 attempt to live on 3% of global income

6 control 50% of the entire world’s wealth Most are U.S. citizens

1 has a college education

1 owns a computer 1 near birth

1 near death

Poverty is extreme and widespread

Society denies security and opportunity to people

Infant mortality is high Most people can’t get

land, jobs, education, health care, old age security

Few opportunities for women outside of homeBangladesh mother

Labor forceChance for a job

in citySecurity

major investment

rational choice

218 million children workhttp://mancelovici.files.wordpress.com/2007/07/nike_child_labor.jpg

Powerful predictor of lower fertility

Reflects opportunity in society

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Girls_in_school_Gujarat.jpg/800px-Girls_in_school_Gujarat.jpg

Girls in school, India

Sri Lanka: lower price rice

○ led to population decline Cuba:

low prices for food and health care○ reduced population rate from 4.7 to

1.6 Kerala, India:

lower price rice, kerosene ○ 1/3 birth rate of average in India○ Literacy for women is 2.5 times

average in IndiaKerala, India

http://www.kerala-tourism-india.com/gifs/woman-harvesting-rice-fields-lower.jpg

Birth Control is responsible for only 15-20% total fertility decline Thus population growth cannot be

brought down simply by family planning or contraception

but it can speed the declineContraceptive use in Developing

World has increased 9% in 1960 60% in late 1990s

Demographic Transition requires improved Health Social Security Education

IUD: Intra Uterine Device

http://www.plymouth.edu/wsgr/iud.jpg

http://www.who.int/healthinfo/statistics/15.whostat2005map_totalfertilityrate.jpg

A Real hand to hand result

1979 “one child” policy enacted For urban areas

Material benefits if have 1 child

Social & official pressure If have more than 1 child

71% Chinese are rural Multiple children are

common Fertility rate has

declined But also declined in other

Asian countries without coercion

Human rights violation?http://www.timeopinionleaders.com/blog/images/uploads/knCHINA_BABIES_wideweb__470x316,0.jpg

Sex ratio at birth (2000) 117:100 male:female

○ Maternal Hepatitis B may account for much of the skewing

Boys preferred Men care for parents in old age Women join husband’s family

○ Care for husband’s parents Selective abortion of girls

Use ultrasound to determine sex

If first child is a girl, want second to be a boy

Illegal but suspected Female infanticide

suspected before ultrasound

Lets See………

A day in Hospital

Polio may soon be eradicated from India and the globe

India is the second most populous country in the world

The death rate has declined but birth rates continue to be high in most of the states.

Health care structure in the country is over-burdened by increasing population

Family planning programs need to be (re)activated

India faces the twin epidemic of

continuing/emerging infectious diseases

as well as chronic degenerative

diseases.

The former is related to poor

implementation of the public health

programs, and the latter to demographic

transition with increase in life expectancy.

•Economic deprivation in a large segment of population results in poor access to health care.•Poor educational status leads to non-utilization of scanty health services and increase in avoidable risk factors.•Both are closely related to life expectancy and IMR.•Advances in medicine are responsible for no more than half of the observed improvement in health indices.

Longevity, literacy and GDP per capita are the main indicators of human development

Longevity is a measure of state of health, and is linked to income and education

Weakness in health sector has an adverse effect on longevity

India ranks low (115th) amongst world nations judged by HDI

India faces high burden of disease because of lack of environmental sanitation and safe drinking water, under-nutrition, poor living conditions, and limited access to preventive and curative health services

Lack of education, gender inequality and explosive growth of population contribute to increasing burden of disease

Full impact of the HIV epidemic and tobacco related diseases is yet to be felt

A dark cloud, however, threatens to blot out the sun from this landscape. Almost everywhere, the poor suffer poor health and the very poor suffer appallingly. In addition the gap in health between rich and poor remains very wide. Addressing this problem, both between countries and within countries, constitutes one of the greatest challenges of the new century. Failure to do so properly will have dire consequences for the global economy, for social order and justice, and for the civilization as a whole.

Inequity in Health Care

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Deaths in millions

0-4 5--14 15-29 30-44 45-59 60-69 >70Age group in years Developed

Developing

27%

5%2%25%

33%6%

2%

ARI ARI/MeaslesMeasles DiarrhoeaOther MalariaARI/Malaria

~10% disease burden could be avoided by access to safe water

~20% disease burden could be avoided by eliminating malnutrition

2020

1990

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

EME FSE CHN LAC OAI MEC IND SSA

GROUP 3GROUP 2GROUP 1

Murray and Lopez, 1994

0

5

10

15

20

25

EME FSE CHN LAC OAI MEC IND SSA

GROUP 3GROUP 2GROUP 1

Murray and Lopez, 1994

Increasing cost of curative medical services High tech curative services not free even in

government hospitals Limited health benefits to employees Health insurance expensive Curative health services not accessible

to rural populations

Private practitioners and hospitals major providers of health care in India

Practitioners of alternate systems of medicine also play a major role

Concerns regarding ethics, medical negligence, commercialization of medicine, and incompetence

Increasing cost of medical care and threat to healthy doctor patient relationship

Prevention, and early diagnosis and treatment,

if feasible, are the most cost-effective strategies for

most diseases

Promoting healthy life style from early life is a ‘no

cost’ intervention which needs to be incorporated in

school curricula. There is need for increasing public

awareness of the benefits of healthy life style

Whooping cough Tetanus Diphtheria Polio Measles, rubella Cholera Tuberculosis ? S typhi N meningitidis C Smallpox Anthrax

Strep pneumoniae

H influenzae Hepatitis A and B Jap encephalitis Mumps Rabies Yellow fever Varicella-zoster Influenza A

Existing infrastructure for health care needs to be strengthened. Health should be perceived as an investment and receive greater budgetary allocation

Education, safe water and sanitation need priority Vaccination coverage to be improved Better implementation of national health programs Judicious use of the scant resources by promoting

most cost-effective strategies for disease prevention Inclusion of all level of stakeholders in planning

and policy making using tremendous human resource available in the country

Lets See………

KEY CONCEPT As the human population grows, the demand for Earth’s resources increases.

Nonrenewable resources are used faster than they form.coaloil

Several factors affect the size of the ecological footprint.

– amount and efficiency of resource use – amount and toxicity of waste produced

Pollution is any undesirable factor added to the air, water, or soil.

Smog is one type of air pollution.sunlight interacts with

pollutants in the airpollutants produced by fossil

fuel emissionsmade of particulates and

ground-level ozone

Smog can be harmful to human health.

• Acid rain is caused by fossil fuel emissions.– produced when pollutants in the water cycle cause rain pH to

drop– can lower the pH of a lake or stream– can harm trees

The levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide rise and fall over time.

High levels of carbon dioxide are typical of Earth’s warmer periods.

The greenhouse effect slows the release of energy from Earth’s atmosphere.

– sunlight penetrates Earth’s atmosphere– energy is absorbed and reradiated as heat– greenhouse gases absorb longer wavelengths– Greenhouse

gas moleculesrereleaseinfraredradiation

methane (CH4) water (H2O)

carbon dioxide(CO2)

Global warming refers to the trend of increasing global temperatures.

North Pole

Pollution can put entire freshwater ecosystems at risk.

Indicator species provide a sign of an ecosystem’s health.

– amphibians– top predators

Earth’s resources must be used responsibly. Careless use of resources makes them unavailable

to future generations. Easter Island is

an example ofirresponsibleresource use.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created in 1970.

The EPA develops policies and regulations to protect the environment.

Legislation helps to protect the environment and endangered species. Clean Air Act Clean Water Act Endangered Species Act

There are several ways that people can help protect the environment.

– control population growth– develop sustainable technology and practices– protect and maintain ecosystems

Its not time to

think…Its time to act…..

Thank You…..